Bioretrosynthetic construction of a didanosine biosynthetic pathway.

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Birmingham WR, Starbird CA, Panosian TD, Nannemann DP, Iverson TM, Bachmann BO

Bioretrosynthetic construction of a didanosine biosynthetic pathway.

Nat Chem Biol. 2014 May;10(5):392-9. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.1494. Epub 2014 Mar 23.

PubMed ID

24657930 [ View in PubMed

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Abstract

Concatenation of engineered biocatalysts into multistep pathways markedly increases their utility, but the development of generalizable assembly methods remains a major challenge. Herein we evaluate 'bioretrosynthesis', which is an application of the retrograde evolution hypothesis, for biosynthetic pathway construction. To test bioretrosynthesis, we engineered a pathway for synthesis of the antiretroviral nucleoside analog didanosine (2',3'-dideoxyinosine). Applying both directed evolution- and structure-based approaches, we began pathway construction with a retro-extension from an engineered purine nucleoside phosphorylase and evolved 1,5-phosphopentomutase to accept the substrate 2,3-dideoxyribose 5-phosphate with a 700-fold change in substrate selectivity and threefold increased turnover in cell lysate. A subsequent retrograde pathway extension, via ribokinase engineering, resulted in a didanosine pathway with a 9,500-fold change in nucleoside production selectivity and 50-fold increase in didanosine production. Unexpectedly, the result of this bioretrosynthetic step was not a retro-extension from phosphopentomutase but rather the discovery of a fortuitous pathway-shortening bypass via the engineered ribokinase.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drug Targets

Drug	Target	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Didanosine	Purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Substrate	Details