Spectrum of SCN1A gene mutations associated with Dravet syndrome: analysis of 333 patients.
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Depienne C, Trouillard O, Saint-Martin C, Gourfinkel-An I, Bouteiller D, Carpentier W, Keren B, Abert B, Gautier A, Baulac S, Arzimanoglou A, Cazeneuve C, Nabbout R, LeGuern E
Spectrum of SCN1A gene mutations associated with Dravet syndrome: analysis of 333 patients.
J Med Genet. 2009 Mar;46(3):183-91. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2008.062323. Epub 2008 Oct 17.
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- 18930999 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel SCN1A gene are the main genetic cause of Dravet syndrome (previously called severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy or SMEI). OBJECTIVE: To characterise in more detail the mutation spectrum associated with Dravet syndrome. METHODS: A large series of 333 patients was screened using both direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Non-coding regions of the gene that are usually not investigated were also screened. RESULTS: SCN1A point mutations were identified in 228 patients, 161 of which had not been previously reported. Missense mutations, either (1) altering a highly conserved amino acid of the protein, (2) transforming this conserved residue into a chemically dissimilar amino acid and/or (3) belonging to ion-transport sequences, were the most common mutation type. MLPA analysis of the 105 patients without point mutation detected a heterozygous microrearrangement of SCN1A in 14 additional patients; 8 were private, partial deletions and six corresponded to whole gene deletions, 0.15-2.9 Mb in size, deleting nearby genes. Finally, mutations in exon 5N and in untranslated regions of the SCN1A gene that were conserved during evolution were excluded in the remaining negative patients. CONCLUSION: These findings widely expand the SCN1A mutation spectrum identified and highlight the importance of screening the coding regions with both direct sequencing and a quantitative method. This mutation spectrum, including whole gene deletions, argues in favour of haploinsufficiency as the main mechanism responsible for Dravet syndrome.