New formulations of local anaesthetics-part I.

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Shipton EA

New formulations of local anaesthetics-part I.

Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2012;2012:546409. doi: 10.1155/2012/546409. Epub 2011 Dec 5.

PubMed ID
22190922 [ View in PubMed
]
Abstract

Part 1 comments on the types of local anaesthetics (LAs); it provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of LAs, and their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. It reviews the newer LAs such as levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, and articaine, and examines the newer structurally different LAs. The addition of adjuvants such as adrenaline, bicarbonate, clonidine, and corticosteroids is explored. Comment is made on the delivery of topical LAs via bioadhesive plasters and gels and controlled-release local anaesthetic matrices. Encapulation matrices such as liposomes, microemulsions, microspheres and nanospheres, hydrogels and liquid polymers are discussed as well. New innovations pertaining to LA formulations have indeed led to prolonged action and to novel delivery approaches.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drugs
Drug Carriers
DrugCarrierKindOrganismPharmacological ActionActions
ButambenAlpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1ProteinHumans
No
Substrate
Details
ButambenSerum albuminProteinHumans
No
Substrate
Details