Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLR family.
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Akira S, Hemmi H
Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLR family.
Immunol Lett. 2003 Jan 22;85(2):85-95.
- PubMed ID
- 12527213 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type I transmembrane proteins involved in innate immunity by recognizing microbial conserved structures. Recent studies have shown that TLR3 recognizes dsRNA, a viral product, whereas TLR9 recognizes unmethylated CpG motifs frequently found in the genome of bacteria and viruses, but not vertebrates. TLR7 recognizes small synthetic immune modifiers including imiquimod, R-848, loxoribine, and bropirimine, all of which are already applied or promising for clinical use against viral infections and cancers. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells express TLR7 and TLR9, and respond to TLR7 and TLR9 ligands by producing a large amount of interferon (IFN-alpha). These results indicate that TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 may play an important role in detecting and combating viral infections.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Drug Targets
Drug Target Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Imiquimod Toll-like receptor 7 Protein Humans YesAgonistDetails