Showing drug card for Isoflurane (DB00753)

• APRD00212

• Approved
• Small Molecule

1. Aerrane
2. Ethane
3. Forane
4. Forene
5. Isoflurane [Usan:Ban:Inn:Jan]
6. Isofluranum [INN-Latin]

• Show PDF (issued on 2006-09-01)

• Show PDF

• Anesthetics
• Anesthetics, Inhalation
• General Anesthetics

• N01AB06

• 28:04.00
• 28:04.92

1. Drugs.com
2. Wikipedia
3. RxList

• Humans and other mammals

1. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)

1. Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1
2. Calmodulin
3. Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1
4. ATP synthase delta chain, mitochondrial
5. NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1
6. Glutamate receptor 1
7. Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1
8. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1

MSALGVTVALLVWAAFLLLVSMWRQVHSSWNLPPGPFPLPIIGNLFQLELKNIPKSFTRL
AQRFGPVFTLYVGSQRMVVMHGYKAVKEALLDYKDEFSGRGDLPAFHAHRDRGIIFNNGP
TWKDIRRFSLTTLRNYGMGKQGNESRIQREAHFLLEALRKTQGQPFDPTFLIGCAPCNVI
ADILFRKHFDYNDEKFLRLMYLFNENFHLLSTPWLQLYNNFPSFLHYLPGSHRKVIKNVA
EVKEYVSERVKEHHQSLDPNCPRDLTDCLLVEMEKEKHSAERLYTMDGITVTVADLFFAG
TETTSTTLRYGLLILMKYPEIEEKLHEEIDRVIGPSRIPAIKDRQEMPYMDAVVHEIQRF
ITLVPSNLPHEATRDTIFRGYLIPKGTVVVPTLDSVLYDNQEFPDPEKFKPEHFLNENGK
FKYSDYFKPFSTGKRVCAGEGLARMELFLLLCAILQHFNLKPLVDPKDIDLSPIHIGFGC
IPPRYKLCVIPRS

1. ATP-dependent Ca(2+
2. ATPase 2C1
3. EC 3.6.3.8

MKVARFQKIPNGENETMIPVLTSKKASELPVSEVASILQADLQNGLNKCEVSHRRAFHGW
NEFDISEDEPLWKKYISQFKNPLIMLLLASAVISVLMHQFDDAVSITVAILIVVTVAFVQ
EYRSEKSLEELSKLVPPECHCVREGKLEHTLARDLVPGDTVCLSVGDRVPADLRLFEAVD
LSIDESSLTGETTPCSKVTAPQPAATNGDLASRSNIAFMGTLVRCGKAKGVVIGTGENSE
FGEVFKMMQAEEAPKTPLQKSMDLLGKQLSFYSFGIIGIIMLVGWLLGKDILEMFTISVS
LAVAAIPEGLPIVVTVTLALGVMRMVKKRAIVKKLPIVETLGCCNVICSDKTGTLTKNEM
TVTHIFTSDGLHAEVTGVGYNQFGEVIVDGDVVHGFYNPAVSRIVEAGCVCNDAVIRNNT
LMGKPTEGALIALAMKMGLDGLQQDYIRKAEYPFSSEQKWMAVKCVHRTQQDRPEICFMK
GAYEQVIKYCTTYQSKGQTLTLTQQQRDVYQQEKARMGSAGLRVLALASGPELGQLTFLG
LVGIIDPPRTGVKEAVTTLIASGVSIKMITGDSQETAVAIASRLGLYSKTSQSVSGEEID
AMDVQQLSQIVPKVAVFYRASPRHKMKIIKSLQKNGSVVAMTGDGVNDAVALKAADIGVA
MGQTGTDVCKEAADMILVDDDFQTIMSAIEEGKGIYNNIKNFVRFQLSTSIAALTLISLA
TLMNFPNPLNAMQILWINIIMDGPPAQSLGVEPVDKDVIRKPPRNWKDSILTKNLILKIL
VSSIIIVCGTLFVFWRELRDNVITPRDTTMTFTCFVFFDMFNALSSRSQTKSVFEIGLCS
NRMFCYAVLGSIMGQLLVIYFPPLQKVFQTESLSILDLLFLLGLTSSVCIVAEIIKKVER
SREKIQKHVSSTSSSFLEV

• ATP + H2O + Ca2+cis = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+trans

• E1-E2_ATPase (PF00122 )
• Cation_ATPase_C (PF00689 )
• Cation_ATPase_N (PF00690 )
• Hydrolase (PF00702 )

• None

• 71-91
• 105-123
• 263-282
• 295-312
• 700-719
• 730-750
• 771-793
• 809-828
• 842-860
• 876-896

• Golgi apparatus
• Golgi apparatus membrane
• multi-pass membrane protein

ATGAAGGTTGCACGTTTTCAAAAAATACCTAATGGTGAAAATGAGACAATGATTCCTGTA
TTGACATCAAAAAAAGCAAGTGAATTACCAGTCAGTGAAGTTGCAAGCATTCTCCAAGCT
GATCTTCAGAATGGTCTAAACAAATGTGAAGTTAGTCATAGGCGAGCCTTTCATGGCTGG
AATAAGTTTGATATTAGTGAAGATGAGCCACTGTGGAAGAAGTATATTTCTCAGTTTAAA
AATCCCCTTATTATGCTGCTTCTGGCTTCTGCAGTCATCAGTGTTTTAATGCATCAGTTT
GATGATGCCGTCAGTATCACTGTGGCAATACTTATCGTTGTTACAGTTGCCTTTGTTCAG
GAATATCGTTCAGAAAAATCTCTTGAAGAATTGAGTAAACTTGTGCCACCAGAATGCCAT
TGTGTGCGTGAAGGAAAATTGGAGCATACACTTGCCCGAGACTTGGTTCCAGGTGATACA
GTTTGCCTTTCTGTTGGGGATAGAGTTCCTGCTGACTTACGCTTGTTTGAGGCTGTGGAT
CTTTCCATTGATGAGTCCAGCTTGACAGGTGAGACAACGCCTTGTTCTAAGGTGACAGCT
CCTCAGCCAGCTGCAACTAATGGAGATCTTGCATCGAGAAGTAACATTGCCTTTATGGGA
ACACTGGTCAGATGTGGCAAAGCAAAGGGTGTTGTCATTGGAACAGGAGAAAATTCTGAA
TTTGGGGAGGTTTTTAAAATGATGCAAGCAGAAGAGGCACCAAAAACCCCTCTGCAGAAG
AGCATGGACCTCTTAGGAAAACAACTTTCCTTTTACTCCTTTGGTATAATAGGAATCATC
ATGTTGGTTGGCTGGTTACTGGGAAAAGATATCCTGGAAATGTTTACTATTAGTGTAAGT
TTGGCTGTAGCAGCAATTCCTGAAGGTCTCCCCATTGTGGTCACAGTGACGCTAGCTCTT
GGTGTTATGAGAATGGTGAAGAAAAGGGCCATTGTGAAAAAGCTGCCTATTGTTGAAACT
CTGGGCTGCTGTAATGTGATTTGTTCAGATAAAACTGGAACACTGACGAAGAATGAAATG
ACTGTTACTCACATATTTACTTCAGATGGTCTGCATACTGAGGTTACTGGAGTTGGCTAT
AATCAATTTGGGGAAGTGATTGTTGATGGTGATGTTGTTCATGGATTCTATAACCCAGCT
GTTAGCAGAATTGTTGAGGCGGGCTGTGTGTGCAATGATGCTGTAATTAGAAACAATACT
CTAATGGGGAAGCCAACAGAAGGGGCCTTAATTGCTCTTGCAATGAAGATGGGTCTTGAT
GGACTTCAACAAGACTACATCAGAAAAGCTGAATACCCTTTTAGCTCTGAGCAAAAGTGG
ATGGCTGTTAAGTGTGTACACCGAACACAGCAGGACAGACCAGAGATTTGTTTTATGAAA
GGTGCTTACGAACAAGTAATTAAGTACTGTACTACATACCAGAGCAAAGGGCAGACCTTG
ACACTTACTCAGCAGCAGAGAGATGTGTACCAACAAGAGAAGGCACGCATGGGCTCAGCG
GGACTCAGAGTTCTTGCTTTGGCTTCTGGTCCTGAACTGGGACAGCTGACATTTCTTGGC
TTGGTGGGAATCATTGATCCACCTAGAACTGGTGTGAAAGAAGCTGTTACAACACTCATT
GCCTCAGGAGTATCAATAAAAATGATTACTGGAGATTCACAGGAGACTGCAGTTGCAATC
GCCAGTCGTCTGGGATTGTATTCCAAAACTTCCCAGTCAGTCTCAGGAGAAGAAATAGAT
GCAATGGATGTTCAGCAGCTTTCACAAATAGTACCAAAGGTTGCAGTATTTTACAGAGCT
AGCCCAAGGCACAAGATGAAAATTATTAAGTCGCTACAGAAGAACGGTTCAGTTGTAGCC
ATGACAGGAGATGGAGTAAATGATGCAGTTGCTCTGAAGGCTGCAGACATTGGAGTTGCG
ATGGGCCAGACTGGTACAGATGTTTGCAAAGAGGCAGCAGACATGATCCTAGTGGATGAT
GATTTTCAAACCATAATGTCTGCAATCGAAGAGGGTAAAGGGATTTATAATAACATTAAA
AATTTCGTTAGATTCCAGCTGAGCACGAGTATAGCAGCATTAACTTTAATCTCATTGGCT
ACATTAATGAACTTTCCTAATCCTCTCAATGCCATGCAGATTTTGTGGATCAATATTATT
ATGGATGGACCCCCAGCTCAGAGCCTTGGAGTAGAACCAGTGGATAAAGATGTCATTCGT
AAACCTCCTCGCAACTGGAAAGACAGCATTTTGACTAAAAACTTGATACTTAAAATACTT
GTTTCATCAATAATCATTGTTTGTGGGACTTTGTTTGTCTTCTGGCGTGAGCTACGAGAC
AATGTGATTACACCTCGAGACACAACAATGACCTTCACATGCTTTGTGTTTTTTGACATG
TTCAATGCACTAAGTTCCAGATCCCAGACCAAGTCTGTGTTTGAGATTGGACTCTGCAGT
AATAGAATGTTTTGCTATGCAGTTCTTGGATCCATCATGGGACAATTACTAGTTATTTAC
TTTCCTCCGCTTCAGAAGGTTTTTCAGACTGAGAGCCTAAGCATACTGGATCTGTTGTTT
CTTTTGGGTCTCACCTCATCAGTGTGCATAGTGGCAGAAATTATAAAGAAGGTTGAAAGG
AGCAGGGAAAAGATCCAGAAGCATGTTAGTTCGACATCATCATCTTTTCTTGAAGTATGA

1. Hu Z, Bonifas JM, Beech J, Bench G, Shigihara T, Ogawa H, Ikeda S, Mauro T, Epstein EH Jr: Mutations in ATP2C1, encoding a calcium pump, cause Hailey-Hailey disease. Nat Genet. 2000 Jan;24(1):61-5. [PubMed ]
2. Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ishikawa KI, Hirosawa M, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVI. The complete sequences of 150 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 2000 Feb 28;7(1):65-73. [PubMed ]
3. Sudbrak R, Brown J, Dobson-Stone C, Carter S, Ramser J, White J, Healy E, Dissanayake M, Larregue M, Perrussel M, Lehrach H, Munro CS, Strachan T, Burge S, Hovnanian A, Monaco AP: Hailey-Hailey disease is caused by mutations in ATP2C1 encoding a novel Ca(2+) pump. Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Apr 12;9(7):1131-40. [PubMed ]
4. Stanchi F, Bertocco E, Toppo S, Dioguardi R, Simionati B, Cannata N, Zimbello R, Lanfranchi G, Valle G: Characterization of 16 novel human genes showing high similarity to yeast sequences. Yeast. 2001 Jan 15;18(1):69-80. [PubMed ]
5. Fairclough RJ, Dode L, Vanoevelen J, Andersen JP, Missiaen L, Raeymaekers L, Wuytack F, Hovnanian A: Effect of Hailey-Hailey Disease mutations on the function of a new variant of human secretory pathway Ca2+/Mn2+-ATPase (hSPCA1). J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 4;278(27):24721-30. Epub 2003 Apr 21. [PubMed ]

1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed ]
2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed ]

1. CaM

ADQLTEEQIAEFKEAFSLFDKDGDGTITTKELGTVMRSLGQNPTEAELQDMINEVDADGN
GTIDFPEFLTMMARKMKDTDSEEEIREAFRVFDKDGNGYISAAELRHVMTNLGEKLTDEE
VDEMIREADIDGDGQVNYEEFVQMMTAK

• efhand (PF00036 )

• None

• None

ATGGCTGACCAGCTGACTGAGGAGCAGATTGCAGAGTTCAAGGAGGCCTTCTCCCTCTTT
GACAAGGATGGAGATGGCACTATCACCACCAAGGAGTTGGGGACAGTGATGAGATCCCTG
GGACAGAACCCCACTGAAGCAGAGCTGCAGGATATGATCAATGAGGTGGATGCAGATGGG
AACGGGACCATTGACTTCCCGGAGTTCCTGACCATGATGGCCAGAAAGATGAAGGACACA
GACAGTGAGGAGGAGATCCGAGAGGCGTTCCGTGTCTTTGACAAGGATGGGAATGGCTAC
ATCAGCGCCGCAGAGCTGCGTCACGTAATGACGAACCTGGGGGAGAAGCTGACCGATGAG
GAGGTGGATGAGATGATCAGGGAGGCTGACATCGATGGAGATGGCCAGGTCAATTATGAA
GAGTTTGTACAGATGATGACTGCAAAGTGA

1. Drum CL, Yan SZ, Bard J, Shen YQ, Lu D, Soelaiman S, Grabarek Z, Bohm A, Tang WJ: Structural basis for the activation of anthrax adenylyl cyclase exotoxin by calmodulin. Nature. 2002 Jan 24;415(6870):396-402. [PubMed ]
2. Heilig R, Eckenberg R, Petit JL, Fonknechten N, Da Silva C, Cattolico L, Levy M, Barbe V, de Berardinis V, Ureta-Vidal A, Pelletier E, Vico V, Anthouard V, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Sun H, Du H, Pepin K, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Cruaud C, Bruls T, Jaillon O, Friedlander L, Samson G, Brottier P, Cure S, Segurens B, Aniere F, Samain S, Crespeau H, Abbasi N, Aiach N, Boscus D, Dickhoff R, Dors M, Dubois I, Friedman C, Gouyvenoux M, James R, Madan A, Mairey-Estrada B, Mangenot S, Martins N, Menard M, Oztas S, Ratcliffe A, Shaffer T, Trask B, Vacherie B, Bellemere C, Belser C, Besnard-Gonnet M, Bartol-Mavel D, Boutard M, Briez-Silla S, Combette S, Dufosse-Laurent V, Ferron C, Lechaplais C, Louesse C, Muselet D, Magdelenat G, Pateau E, Petit E, Sirvain-Trukniewicz P, Trybou A, Vega-Czarny N, Bataille E, Bluet E, Bordelais I, Dubois M, Dumont C, Guerin T, Haffray S, Hammadi R, Muanga J, Pellouin V, Robert D, Wunderle E, Gauguet G, Roy A, Sainte-Marthe L, Verdier J, Verdier-Discala C, Hillier L, Fulton L, McPherson J, Matsuda F, Wilson R, Scarpelli C, Gyapay G, Wincker P, Saurin W, Quetier F, Waterston R, Hood L, Weissenbach J: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):601-7. Epub 2003 Jan 1. [PubMed ]
3. Koller M, Schnyder B, Strehler EE: Structural organization of the human CaMIII calmodulin gene. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 Oct 23;1087(2):180-9. [PubMed ]
4. SenGupta B, Friedberg F, Detera-Wadleigh SD: Molecular analysis of human and rat calmodulin complementary DNA clones. Evidence for additional active genes in these species. J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 5;262(34):16663-70. [PubMed ]
5. Fischer R, Koller M, Flura M, Mathews S, Strehler-Page MA, Krebs J, Penniston JT, Carafoli E, Strehler EE: Multiple divergent mRNAs code for a single human calmodulin. J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 15;263(32):17055-62. [PubMed ]
6. Wawrzynczak EJ, Perham RN: Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding human calmodulin. Biochem Int. 1984 Aug;9(2):177-85. [PubMed ]
7. Sasagawa T, Ericsson LH, Walsh KA, Schreiber WE, Fischer EH, Titani K: Complete amino acid sequence of human brain calmodulin. Biochemistry. 1982 May 11;21(10):2565-9. [PubMed ]
8. Rhyner JA, Ottiger M, Wicki R, Greenwood TM, Strehler EE: Structure of the human CALM1 calmodulin gene and identification of two CALM1-related pseudogenes CALM1P1 and CALM1P2. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Oct 1;225(1):71-82. [PubMed ]
9. Toutenhoofd SL, Foletti D, Wicki R, Rhyner JA, Garcia F, Tolon R, Strehler EE: Characterization of the human CALM2 calmodulin gene and comparison of the transcriptional activity of CALM1, CALM2 and CALM3. Cell Calcium. 1998 May;23(5):323-38. [PubMed ]

1. Fan RS, Jacamo RO, Jiang X, Sinnett-Smith J, Rozengurt E: G protein-coupled receptor activation rapidly stimulates focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation at Ser-843. Mediation by Ca2+, calmodulin, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 24;280(25):24212-20. Epub 2005 Apr 21. [PubMed ]
2. Bickler PE, Zhan X, Fahlman CS: Isoflurane preconditions hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation: role of intracellular Ca2+ and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Anesthesiology. 2005 Sep;103(3):532-9. [PubMed ]
3. Sazonova OV, Blishchenko EY, Tolmazova AG, Khachin DP, Leontiev KV, Karelin AA, Ivanov VT: Stimulation of fibroblast proliferation by neokyotorphin requires Ca influx and activation of PKA, CaMK II and MAPK/ERK. FEBS J. 2007 Jan;274(2):474-84. [PubMed ]

1. Glycine receptor 48 kDa subunit
2. Glycine receptor strychnine-binding subunit
3. Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 precursor

MYSFNTLRLYLWETIVFFSLAASKEAEAARSAPKPMSPSDFLDKLMGRTSGYDARIRPNF
KGPPVNVSCNIFINSFGSIAETTMDYRVNIFLRQQWNDPRLAYNEYPDDSLDLDPSMLDS
IWKPDLFFANEKGAHFHEITTDNKLLRISRNGNVLYSIRITLTLACPMDLKNFPMDVQTC
IMQLESFGYTMNDLIFEWQEQGAVQVADGLTLPQFILKEEKDLRYCTKHYNTGKFTCIEA
RFHLERQMGYYLIQMYIPSLLIVILSWISFWINMDAAPARVGLGITTVLTMTTQSSGSRA
SLPKVSYVKAIDIWMAVCLLFVFSALLEYAAVNFVSRQHKELLRFRRKRRHHKSPMLNLF
QEDEAGEGRFNFSAYGMGPACLQAKDGISVKGANNSNTTNPPPAPSKSPEEMRKLFIQRA
KKIDKISRIGFPMAFLIFNMFYWIIYKIVRREDVHNQ

• Neur_chan_LBD (PF02931 )
• Neur_chan_memb (PF02932 )

• 1-28

• 248-274
• 281-298
• 313-336
• 429-446

• Membrane
• multi-pass membrane protein

ATGTACAGCTTCAATACTCTTCGACTCTACCTTTCGGGAGCCATTGTATTCTTCAGCCTT
GCTGCTTCTAAGGAGGCTGAAGCTGCTCGCTCCGCAACCAAGCCTATGTCACCCTCGGAT
TTCCTGGATAAGCTAATGGGGAGAACCTCCGGATATGATGCCAGGATCAGGCCCAATTTT
AAAGGTCCCCCAGTGAACGTGAGCTGCAACATTTTCATCAACAGCTTTGGTTCCATTGCT
GAGACAACCATGGACTATAGGGTCAACATCTTCCTGCGGCAGCAATGGAACGACCCCCGC
CTGGCCTATAATGAATACCCTGACGACTCTCTGGACCTGGACCCATCCATGCTGGACTCC
ATCTGGAAACCTGACCTGTTCTTTGCCAACGAGAAGGGGGCCCACTTCCATGAGATCACC
ACAGACAACAAATTGCTAAGGATCTCCCGGAATGGGAATGTCCTCTACAGCATCAGAATC
ACCCTGACACTGGCCTGCCCCATGGACTTGAAGAATTTCCCCATGGATGTCCAGACATGT
ATCATGCAACTGGAAAGCTTTGGATATACGATGAATGACCTCATCTTTGAGTGGCAGGAA
CAGGGAGCCGTGCAGGTAGCAGATGGACTAACTCTGCCCCAGTTTATCTTGAAGGAAGAG
AAGGACTTGAGATACTGCACCAAGCACTACAACACAGGTAAATTCACCTGCATTGAGGCC
CGGTTCCACCTGGAGCGGCAGATGGGTTACTACCTGATTCAGATGTATATTCCCAGCCTG
CTCATTGTCATCCTCTCATGGATCTCCTTCTGGATCAACATGGATGCTGCACCTGCTCGT
GTGGGCCTAGGCATCACCACTGTGCTCACCATGACCACCCAGAGCTCCGGCTCTCGAGCA
TCTCTGCCCAAGGTGTCCTATGTGAAAGCCATTGACATTTGGATGGCAGTTTGCCTGCTC
TTTGTGTTCTCAGCCCTATTAGAATATGCTGCCGTTAACTTTGTGTCTCGGCAACATAAG
GAGCTGCTCCGATTCAGGAGGAAGCGGAGACATCACAAGGAGGATGAAGCTGGAGAAGGC
CGCTTTAACTTCTCTGCCTATGGGATGGGCCCAGCCTGTCTACAGGCCAAGGATGGCATC
TCAGTCAAGGGCGCCAACAACAGTAACACCACCAACCCCCCTCCTGCACCATCTAAGTCC
CCAGAGGAGATGCGAAAACTCTTCATCCAGAGGGCCAAGAAGATCGACAAAATATCCCGC
ATTGGCTTCCCCATGGCCTTCCTCATTTTCAACATGTTCTACTGGATCATCTACAAGATT
GTCCGTAGAGAGGACGTCCACAACCAGTGA

1. Vergouwe MN, Tijssen MA, Peters AC, Wielaard R, Frants RR: Hyperekplexia phenotype due to compound heterozygosity for GLRA1 gene mutations. Ann Neurol. 1999 Oct;46(4):634-8. [PubMed ]
2. Grenningloh G, Schmieden V, Schofield PR, Seeburg PH, Siddique T, Mohandas TK, Becker CM, Betz H: Alpha subunit variants of the human glycine receptor: primary structures, functional expression and chromosomal localization of the corresponding genes. EMBO J. 1990 Mar;9(3):771-6. [PubMed ]
3. Shiang R, Ryan SG, Zhu YZ, Fielder TJ, Allen RJ, Fryer A, Yamashita S, O'Connell P, Wasmuth JJ: Mutational analysis of familial and sporadic hyperekplexia. Ann Neurol. 1995 Jul;38(1):85-91. [PubMed ]
4. Rees MI, Andrew M, Jawad S, Owen MJ: Evidence for recessive as well as dominant forms of startle disease (hyperekplexia) caused by mutations in the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Dec;3(12):2175-9. [PubMed ]
5. Langosch D, Laube B, Rundstrom N, Schmieden V, Bormann J, Betz H: Decreased agonist affinity and chloride conductance of mutant glycine receptors associated with human hereditary hyperekplexia. EMBO J. 1994 Sep 15;13(18):4223-8. [PubMed ]
6. Schorderet DF, Pescia G, Bernasconi A, Regli F: An additional family with Startle disease and a G1192A mutation at the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Jul;3(7):1201. [PubMed ]
7. Shiang R, Ryan SG, Zhu YZ, Hahn AF, O'Connell P, Wasmuth JJ: Mutations in the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor cause the dominant neurologic disorder, hyperekplexia. Nat Genet. 1993 Dec;5(4):351-8. [PubMed ]
8. Milani N, Dalpra L, del Prete A, Zanini R, Larizza L: A novel mutation (Gln266-->His) in the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine-receptor gene (GLRA1) in hereditary hyperekplexia. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Feb;58(2):420-2. [PubMed ]
9. Elmslie FV, Hutchings SM, Spencer V, Curtis A, Covanis T, Gardiner RM, Rees M: Analysis of GLRA1 in hereditary and sporadic hyperekplexia: a novel mutation in a family cosegregating for hyperekplexia and spastic paraparesis. J Med Genet. 1996 May;33(5):435-6. [PubMed ]
10. Seri M, Bolino A, Galietta LJ, Lerone M, Silengo M, Romeo G: Startle disease in an Italian family by mutation (K276E): The alpha-subunit of the inhibiting glycine receptor. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(2):185-7. [PubMed ]
11. 9920650 Saul B, Kuner T, Sobetzko D, Brune W, Hanefeld F, Meinck HM, Becker CM: Novel GLRA1 missense mutation (P250T) in dominant hyperekplexia defines an intracellular determinant of glycine receptor channel gating. J Neurosci. 1999 Feb 1;19(3):869-77.

1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed ]
2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed ]

1. ATP synthase delta chain, mitochondrial precursor
2. EC 3.6.3.14

MLPAALLRRPGLGRLVRHARAYAEAAAAPAAASGPNQMSFTFASPTQVFFNGANVRQVDV
PTLTGAFGILAAHVPTLQVLRPGLVVVHAEDGTTSKYFVSSGSIAVNADSSVQLLAEEAV
TLDMLDLGAAKANLEKAQAELVGTADEATRAEIQIRIEANEALVKALE

• ATP + H2O + H+in = ADP + phosphate + H+out

• ATP-synt_DE (PF00401 )
• ATP-synt_DE_N (PF02823 )

• None

• None

• Mitochondrion

ATGCTGCCCGCCGCGCTGCTCCGCCGCCCGGGACTTGGCCGCCTCGTCCGCCACGCCCGT
GCCTATGCCGAGGCCGCCGCCGCCCCGGCTGCCGCCTCTGGCCCCAACCAGATGTCCTTC
ACCTTCGCCTCTCCCACGCAGGTGTTCTTCAACGGTGCCAACGTCCGGCAGGTGGACGTG
CCCACGCTGACCGGAGCCTTCGGCATCCTGGCGGCCCACGTGCCCACGCTGCAGGTCCTG
CGGCCGGGGCTGGTCGTGGTGCATGCAGAGGACGGCACCACCTCCAAATACTTTGTGAGC
AGCGGTTCCATCGCAGTGAACGCCGACTCTTCGGTGCAGTTGTTGGCCGAAGAGGCCGTG
ACGCTGGACATGTTGGACCTGGGGGCAGCCAAGGCAAACTTGGAGAAGGCCCAGGCGGAG
CTGGTGGGGACAGCTGACGAGGCCACGCGGGCAGAGATCCAGATCCGAATCGAGGCCAAC
GAGGCCCTGGTGAAGGCCCTGGAGTAG

1. Hochstrasser DF, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Bairoch A, Ravier F, Pasquali C, Sanchez JC, Tissot JD, Bjellqvist B, Vargas R, et al.: Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison. Electrophoresis. 1992 Dec;13(12):992-1001. [PubMed ]
2. Jordan EM, Breen GA: Molecular cloning of an import precursor of the delta-subunit of the human mitochondrial ATP synthase complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Feb 28;1130(1):123-6. [PubMed ]

1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed ]
2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed ]

1. EC 1.6.5.3
2. NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1

MPMANLLLLIVPILIAMAFLMLTERKILGYMQLRKGPNVVGPYGLLQPFADAMKLFTKEP
LKPATSTITLYITAPTLALTIALLLWTPLPMPNPLVNLNLGLLFILATSSLAVYSILWSG
WASNSNYALIGALRAVAQTISYEVTLAIILLSTLLMSGSFNLSTLITTQEHLWLLLPSWP
LAMMWFISTLAETNRTPFDLAEGESELVSGFNIEYAAGPFALFFMAEYTNIIMMNTLTTT
IFLGTTYDALSPELYTTYFVTKTLLLTSLFLWIRTAYPRFRYDQLMHLLWKNFLPLTLAL
LMWYVSMPITISSIPPQT

• NADH + H+ + ubiquinone = NAD+ + ubiquinol

• NADHdh (PF00146 )

• None

• 4-23; 68-90; 100-122; 135-157; 172-191; 222-244; 254-273; 293-315

• Mitochondrion
• mitochondrial inner membrane
• multi-pass membrane protein (Probable)

ATACCCATGGCCAACCTCCTACTCCTCATTGTACCCATTCTAATCGCAATGGCATTCCTA
ATGCTTACCGAACGAAAAATTCTAGGCTATATACAACTACGCAAAGGCCCCAACGTGGTA
GGCCCCTACGGGCTACTACAACCCTTCGCTGACGCCATAAAACTCTTCACCAAAGAGCCC
CTAAAACCCGCCACATCTACCATCACCCTCTACATCACCGCCCCGACCTTAGCTCTCACC
ATCGCTCTTCTACTATGAACCCCCCTCCCCATACCCAACCCCCTGGTCAACCTCAACCTA
GGCCTCCTATTTATTCTAGCCACCTCTAGCCTAGCCGTTTACTCAATCCTCTGATCAGGG
TGAGCATCAAACTCAAACTACGCCCTGATCGGCGCACTGCGAGCAGTAGCCCAAACAATC
TCATATGAAGTCACCCTAGCCATCATTCTACTATCAACATTACTAATAAGTGGCTCCTTT
AACCTCTCCACCCTTATCACAACACAAGAACACCTCTGATTACTCCTGCCATCATGACCC
TTGGCCATAATATGATTTATCTCCACACTAGCAGAGACCAACCGAACCCCCTTCGACCTT
GCCGAAGGGGAGTCCGAACTAGTCTCAGGCTTCAACATCGAATACGCCGCAGGCCCCTTC
GCCCTATTCTTCATAGCCGAATACACAAACATTATTATAATAAACACCCTCACCACTACA
ATCTTCCTAGGAACAACATATGACGCACTCTCCCCTGAACTCTACACAACATATTTTGTC
ACCAAGACCCTACTTCTAACCTCCCTGTTCTTATGAATTCGAACAGCATACCCCCGATTC
CGCTACGACCAACTCATACACCTCCTATGAAAAAACTTCCTACCACTCACCCTAGCATTA
CTTATATGATATGTCTCCATACCCATTACAATCTCCAGCATTCCCCCTCAAACCTAA

1. Ingman M, Kaessmann H, Paabo S, Gyllensten U: Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans. Nature. 2000 Dec 7;408(6813):708-13. [PubMed ]
2. Ingman M, Gyllensten U: Mitochondrial genome variation and evolutionary history of Australian and New Guinean aborigines. Genome Res. 2003 Jul;13(7):1600-6. [PubMed ]
3. Johns DR, Neufeld MJ, Park RD: An ND-6 mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Sep 30;187(3):1551-7. [PubMed ]
4. Huoponen K, Vilkki J, Aula P, Nikoskelainen EK, Savontaus ML: A new mtDNA mutation associated with Leber hereditary optic neuroretinopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Jun;48(6):1147-53. [PubMed ]
5. Marzuki S, Noer AS, Lertrit P, Thyagarajan D, Kapsa R, Utthanaphol P, Byrne E: Normal variants of human mitochondrial DNA and translation products: the building of a reference data base. Hum Genet. 1991 Dec;88(2):139-45. [PubMed ]
6. Johns DR, Berman J: Alternative, simultaneous complex I mitochondrial DNA mutations in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Feb 14;174(3):1324-30. [PubMed ]
7. Howell N, Bindoff LA, McCullough DA, Kubacka I, Poulton J, Mackey D, Taylor L, Turnbull DM: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: identification of the same mitochondrial ND1 mutation in six pedigrees. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Nov;49(5):939-50. [PubMed ]
8. Majander A, Huoponen K, Savontaus ML, Nikoskelainen E, Wikstrom M: Electron transfer properties of NADH:ubiquinone reductase in the ND1/3460 and the ND4/11778 mutations of the Leber hereditary optic neuroretinopathy (LHON). FEBS Lett. 1991 Nov 4;292(1-2):289-92. [PubMed ]
9. Howell N, Kubacka I, Xu M, McCullough DA: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: involvement of the mitochondrial ND1 gene and evidence for an intragenic suppressor mutation. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 May;48(5):935-42. [PubMed ]
10. Chomyn A, Mariottini P, Cleeter MW, Ragan CI, Matsuno-Yagi A, Hatefi Y, Doolittle RF, Attardi G: Six unidentified reading frames of human mitochondrial DNA encode components of the respiratory-chain NADH dehydrogenase. Nature. 1985 Apr 18-24;314(6012):592-7. [PubMed ]
11. 6260957 Sanger F, Coulson AR, Barrell BG, Smith AJ, Roe BA: Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing. J Mol Biol. 1980 Oct 25;143(2):161-78.
12. 7219534 Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG, de Bruijn MH, Coulson AR, Drouin J, Eperon IC, Nierlich DP, Roe BA, Sanger F, Schreier PH, Smith AJ, Staden R, Young IG: Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):457-65.
13. 7530363 Horai S, Hayasaka K, Kondo R, Tsugane K, Takahata N: Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jan 17;92(2):532-6.
14. 7733935 Nakagawa Y, Ikegami H, Yamato E, Takekawa K, Fujisawa T, Hamada Y, Ueda H, Uchigata Y, Miki T, Kumahara Y, et al.: A new mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Apr 17;209(2):664-8.
15. 8104867 Shoffner JM, Brown MD, Torroni A, Lott MT, Cabell MF, Mirra SS, Beal MF, Yang CC, Gearing M, Salvo R, et al.: Mitochondrial DNA variants observed in Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease patients. Genomics. 1993 Jul;17(1):171-84.
16. 8723687 Jaksch M, Hofmann S, Kaufhold P, Obermaier-Kusser B, Zierz S, Gerbitz KD: A novel combination of mitochondrial tRNA and ND1 gene mutations in a syndrome with MELAS, cardiomyopathy, and diabetes mellitus. Hum Mutat. 1996;7(4):358-60.

1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed ]
2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed ]

1. AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 1
2. GluR-1
3. GluR-A
4. GluR-K1
5. Glutamate receptor 1 precursor
6. Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 1

MQHIFAFFCTGFLGAVVGANFPNNIQIGGLFPNQQSQEHAAFRFALSQLTEPPKLLPQID
IVNISDSFEMTYRFCSQFSKGVYAIFGFYERRTVNMLTSFCGALHVCFITPSFPVDTSNQ
FVLQLRPELQDALISIIDHYKWQKFVYIYDADRGLSVLQKVLDTAAEKNWQVTAVNILTT
TEEGYRMLFQDLEKKKERLVVVDCESERLNAILGQIIKLEKNGIGYHYILANLGFMDIDL
NKFKESGANVTGFQLVNYTDTIPAKIMQQWKNSDARDHTRVDWKRPKYTSALTYDGVKVM
AEAFQSLRRQRIDISRRGNAGDCLANPAVPWGQGIDIQRALQQVRFEGLTGNVQFNEKGR
RTNYTLHVIEMKHDGIRKIGYWNEDDKFVPAATDAQAGGDNSSVQNRTYIVTTILEDPYV
MLKKNANQFEGNDRYEGYCVELAAEIAKHVGYSYRLEIVSDGKYGARDPDTKAWNGMVGE
LVYGRADVAVAPLTITLVREEVIDFSKPFMSLGISIMIKKPQKSKPGVFSFLDPLAYEIW
MCIVFAYIGVSVVLFLVSRFSPYEWHSEEFEEGRDQTTSDQSNEFGIFNSLWFSLGAFMQ
QGCDISPRSLSGRIVGGVWWFFTLIIISSYTANLAAFLTVERMVSPIESAEDLAKQTEIA
YGTLEAGSTKEFFRRSKIAVFEKMWTYMKSAEPSVFVRTTEEGMIRVRKSKGKYAYLLES
TMNEYIEQRKPCDTMKVGGNLDSKGYGIATPKGSALRNPVNLAVLKLNEQGLLDKLKNKW
WYDKGECGSGGGDSKDKTSALSLSNVAGVFYILIGGLGLAMLVALIEFCYKSRSESKRMK
GFCLIPQQSINEAIRTSTLPRNSGAGASSGGSGENGRVVSHDFPKSMQSIPCMSHSSGMP
LGATGL

• Lig_chan (PF00060 )
• ANF_receptor (PF01094 )

• 1-18

• 537-557
• 585-605
• 618-638
• 806-826

• Membrane
• multi-pass membrane protein

ATGCAGCACATTTTTGCCTTCTTCTGCACCGGTTTCCTAGGCGCGGTAGTAGGTGCCAAT
TTCCCCAACAATATCCAGATCGGGGGATTATTTCCAAACCAGCAGTCACAGGAACATGCT
GCTTTTAGATTTGCTTTGTCGCAACTCACAGAGCCCCCGAAGCTGCTCCCCCAGATTGAT
ATTGTGAACATCAGCGACAGCTTTGAGATGACCTATAGATTCTGTTCCCAGTTCTCCAAA
GGAGTCTATGCCATCTTTGGGTTTTATGAACGTAGGACTGTCAACATGCTGACCTCCTTT
TGTGGGGCCCTCCACGTCTGCTTCATTACGCCGAGCTTTCCCGTTGATACATCCAATCAG
TTTGTCCTTCAGCTGCGCCCTGAACTGCAGGATGCCCTCATCAGCATCATTGACCATTAC
AAGTGGCAGAAATTTGTCTACATTTATGATGCCGACCGGGGCTTATCCGTCCTGCAGAAA
GTCCTGGATACAGCTGCTGAGAAGAACTGGCAGGTGACAGCAGTCAACATCTTGACAACC
ACAGAGGAGGGATACCGGATGCTCTTTCAGGACCTGGAGAAGAAAAAGGAGCGGCTGGTG
GTGGTGGACTGTGAATCAGAACGCCTCAATGCTATCTTGGGCCAGATTATAAAGCTAGAG
AAGAATGGCATCGGCTACCACTACATTCTTGCAAATCTGGGCTTCATGGACATTGACTTA
AACAAATTCAAGGAGAGTGGCGCCAATGTGACAGGTTTCCAGCTGGTGAACTACACAGAC
ACTATTCCGGCCAAGATCATGCAGCAGTGGAAGAATAGTGATGCTCGAGACCACACACGG
GTGGACTGGAAGAGACCCAAGTACACCTCTGCGCTCACCTACGATGGGGTGAAGGTGATG
GCTGAGGCTTTCCAGAGCCTGCGGAGGCAGAGAATTGATATATCTCGCCGGGGGAATGCT
GGGGATTGTCTGGCTAACCCAGCTGTTCCCTGGGGCCAAGGGATCGACATCCAGAGAGCT
CTGCAGCAGGTGCGATTTGAAGGTTTAACAGGAAACGTGCAGTTTAATGAGAAAGGACGC
CGGACCAACTACACGCTCCACGTGATTGAAATGAAACATGACGGCATCCGAAAGATTGGT
TACTGGAATGAAGATGATAAGTTTGTCCCTGCAGCCACCGATGCCCAAGCTGGGGGCGAT
AATTCAAGTGTTCAGAACAGAACATACATCGTCACAACAATCCTAGAAGATCCTTATGTG
ATGCTCAAGAAGAACGCCAATCAGTTTGAGGGCAATGACCGTTACGAGGGCTACTGTGTA
GAGCTGGCGGCAGAGATTGCCAAGCACGTGGGCTACTCCTACCGTCTGGAGATTGTCAGT
GATGGAAAATACGGAGCCCGAGACCCTGACACGAAGGCCTGGAATGGCATGGTGGGAGAG
CTGGTCTATGGAAGAGCAGATGTGGCTGTGGCTCCCTTAACTATCACTTTGGTCCGGGAA
GAAGTTATAGATTTCTCCAAACCATTTATGAGTTTGGGGATCTCCATCATGATTAAAAAA
CCACAGAAATCCAAGCCGGGTGTCTTCTCCTTCCTTGATCCTTTGGCTTATGAGATTTGG
ATGTGCATTGTTTTTGCCTACATTGGAGTGAGTGTTGTCCTCTTCCTGGTCAGCCGCTTC
AGTCCCTATGAATGGCACAGTGAAGAGTTTGAGGAAGGACGGGACCAGACAACCAGTGAC
CAGTCCAATGAGTTTGGGATATTCAACAGTTTGTGGTTCTCCCTGGGAGCCTTCATGCAG
CAAGGATGTGACATTTCTCCCAGGTCCCTGTCTGGTCGCATCGTTGGTGGCGTCTGGTGG
TTCTTCACCTTAATCATCATCTCCTCATATACAGCCAATCTGGCCGCCTTCCTGACCGTG
GAGAGGATGGTGTCTCCCATTGAGAGTGCAGAGGACCTAGCGAAGCAGACAGAAATTGCC
TACGGGACGCTGGAAGCAGGATCTACTAAGGAGTTCTTCAGGAGGTCTAAAATTGCTGTG
TTTGAGAAGATGTGGACATACATGAAGTCAGCAGAGCCATCAGTTTTTGTGCGGACCACA
GAGGAGGGGATGATTCGAGTGAGGAAATCCAAAGGCAAATATGCCTACCTCCTGGAGTCC
ACCATGAATGAGTACATTGAGCAGCGGAAACCCTGTGACACCATGAAGGTGGGAGGTAAC
TTGGATTCCAAAGGCTATGGCATTGCAACACCCAAGGGGTCTGCCCTGAGAGGTCCCGTA
AACCTAGCGGTTTTGAAACTCAGTGAGCAAGGCGTCTTAGACAAGCTGAAAAGCAAATGG
TGGTACGATAAAGGGGAATGTGGAAGCAAGGACTCCGGAAGTAAGGACAAGACAAGCGCT
CTGAGCCTCAGCAATGTGGCAGGCGTGTTCTACATCCTGATCGGAGGACTTGGACTAGCC
ATGCTGGTTGCCTTAATCGAGTTCTGCTACAAATCCCGTAGTGAATCCAAGCGGATGAAG
GGTTTTTGTTTGATCCCACAGCAATCCATCAACGAAGCCATACGGACATCGACCCTCCCC
CGCAACAGCGCGGGCACGGCACCGAGCAGCGGCGGCAGTGGAGAGAATGGTCGGGTGGTC
AGCCATGACTTCCCCAAGTCCATGCAATCGATTCCTTGCATGAGCCACAGTTCAGGGATG
CCCTTGGGAGCCACGGGATTGTAA

1. Sun W, Ferrer-Montiel AV, Schinder AF, McPherson JP, Evans GA, Montal M: Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of human brain glutamate receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Feb 15;89(4):1443-7. [PubMed ]
2. Potier MC, Spillantini MG, Carter NP: The human glutamate receptor cDNA GluR1: cloning, sequencing, expression and localization to chromosome 5. DNA Seq. 1992;2(4):211-8. [PubMed ]
3. Puckett C, Gomez CM, Korenberg JR, Tung H, Meier TJ, Chen XN, Hood L: Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of one of the human glutamate receptor genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 1;88(17):7557-61. [PubMed ]

1. Guo L, Wang Y: Glutamate stimulates glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system to regulate surface expression of GluR2. Neuroscience. 2007 Mar 2;145(1):100-9. Epub 2007 Jan 3. [PubMed ]

1. HBK1
2. HUKI
3. Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv1.1

MTVMSGENVDEASAAPGHPQDGSYPRQADHDDHECCERVVINISGLRFETQLKTLAQFPN
TLLGNPKKRMRYFDPLRNEYFFDRNRPSFDAILYYYQSGGRLRRPVNVPLDMFSEEIKFY
ELGEEAMEKFREDEGFIKEEERPLPEKEYQRQVWLLFEYPESSGPARVIAIVSVMVILIS
IVIFCLETLPELKDDKDFTGTVHRIDNTTVIYNSNIFTDPFFIVETLCIIWFSFELVVRF
FACPSKTDFFKNIMNFIDIVAIIPYFITLGTEIAEQEGNQKGEQATSLAILRVIRLVRVF
RIFKLSRHSKGLQILGQTLKASMRELGLLIFFLFIGVILFSSAVYFAEAEEAESHFSSIP
DAFWWAVVSMTTVGYGDMYPVTIGGKIVGSLCAIAGVLTIALPVPVIVSNFNYFYHRETE
GEEQAQLLHVSSPNLASDSDLSRRSSSTMSKYEYMEIEEDMNNSIAHYRQVNIRTANCTT
ANQNCVNKSKLLTDV

• Ion_trans (PF00520 )
• K_tetra (PF02214 )

• None

• 168-186
• 221-242
• 254-274
• 290-309
• 326-345
• 387-408

• Membrane
• multi-pass membrane protein

ATGACGGTGATGTCTGGGGAGAACGTGGACGAGGCTTCGGCCGCCCCGGGCCACCCCCAG
GATGGCAGCTACCCCCGCCAGGCCGACCACGACGACCACGAGTGCTGCGAGCGCGTGGTG
ATCAACATCTCCGGGCTGCGCTTCGAGACGCAGCTCAAGACCCTGGCGCAGTTCCCCAAC
ACGCTGCTGGGCAACCCTAAGAAACGCATGCGCTACTTCGACCCCCTGAGGAACGAGTAC
TTCTTCGACCGCAACCGGCCCAGCTTCGACGCCATCCTCTACTACTACCAGTCCGGCGGC
CGCCTGCGGAGGCCGGTCAACGTGCCCCTGGACATGTTCTCCGAGGAGATCAAGTTTTAC
GAGTTGGGCGAGGAGGCCATGGAGAAGTTCCGGGAGGACGAGGGCTTCATCAAGGAGGAG
GAGCGCCCTCTGCCCGAGAAGGAGTACCAGCGCCAGGTGTGGCTGCTCTTCGAGTACCCC
GAGAGCTCGGGGCCCGCCAGGGTCATCGCCATCGTCTCCGTCATGGTCATCCTCATCTCC
ATCGTCATCTTTTGCCTGGAGACGCTCCCCGAGCTGAAGGATGACAAGGACTTCACGGGC
ACCGTCCACCGCATCGACAACACCACGGTCATCTACAATTCCAACATCTTCACAGACCCC
TTCTTCATCGTGGAAACGCTGTGCATCATCTGGTTCTCCTTCGAGCTGGTGGTGCGCTTC
TTCGCCTGCCCCAGCAAGACGGACTTCTTCAAAAACATCATGAACTTCATAGACATTGTG
GCCATCATTCCTTATTTCATCACCCTGGGCACCGAGATAGCTGAGCAGGAAGGAAACCAG
AAGGGCGAGCAGGCCACCTCCCTGGCCATCCTCAGGGTCATCCGCTTGGTAAGGGTTTTT
AGAATCTTCAAGCTCTCCCGCCACTCTAAGGGCCTCCAGATCCTGGGCCAGACCCTCAAA
GCTAGTATGAGAGAGCTAGGGCTGCTCATCTTTTTCCTCTTCATCGGGGTCATCCTGTTT
TCTAGTGCAGTGTACTTTGCCGAGGCGGAAGAAGCTGAGTCGCACTTCTCCAGTATCCCC
GATGCTTTCTGGTGGGCGGTGGTGTCCATGACCACTGTAGGATACGGTGACATGTACCCT
GTGACAATTGGAGGCAAGATCGTGGGCTCCTTGTGTGCCATCGCTGGTGTGCTAACAATT
GCCCTGCCCGTACCTGTCATTGTGTCCAATTTCAACTATTTCTACCACCGAGAAACTGAG
GGGGAAGAGCAGGCTCAGTTGCTCCACGTCAGTTCCCCTAACTTAGCCTCTGACAGTGAC
CTCAGTCGCCGCAGTTCCTCTACTATGAGCAAGTATGAGTACATGGAGATCGAAGAGGAT
ATGAATAATAGCATAGCCCATTATAGACAGGTCAATATCAGAACTGCCAATTGCACCACA
GCTAACCAAAACTGCGTTAATAAGAGCAAGCTACTGACCGATGTTTAA

1. Hoopengardner B, Bhalla T, Staber C, Reenan R: Nervous system targets of RNA editing identified by comparative genomics. Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):832-6. [PubMed ]
2. Browne DL, Gancher ST, Nutt JG, Brunt ER, Smith EA, Kramer P, Litt M: Episodic ataxia/myokymia syndrome is associated with point mutations in the human potassium channel gene, KCNA1. Nat Genet. 1994 Oct;8(2):136-40. [PubMed ]
3. Scheffer H, Brunt ER, Mol GJ, van der Vlies P, Stulp RP, Verlind E, Mantel G, Averyanov YN, Hofstra RM, Buys CH: Three novel KCNA1 mutations in episodic ataxia type I families. Hum Genet. 1998 Apr;102(4):464-6. [PubMed ]

1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed ]
2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed ]

1. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 precursor

MRKSPGLSDCLWAWILLLSTLTGRSYGQPSLQDELKDNTTVFTRILDRLLDGYDNRLRPG
LGERVTEVKTDIFVTSFGPVSDHDMEYTIDVFFRQSWKDERLKFKGPMTVLRLNNLMASK
IWTPDTFFHNGKKSVAHNMTMPNKLLRITEDGTLLYTMRLTVRAECPMHLEDFPMDAHAC
PLKFGSYAYTRAEVVYEWTREPARSVVVAEDGSRLNQYDLLGQTVDSGIVQSSTGEYVVM
TTHFHLKRKIGYFVIQTYLPCIMTVILSQVSFWLNRESVPARTVFGVTTVLTMTTLSISA
RNSLPKVAYATAMDWFIAVCYAFVFSALIEFATVNYFTKRGYAWDGKSVVPEKPKKVKDP
LIKKNNTYAPTATSYTPNLARGDPGLATIAKSATIEPKEVKPETKPPEPKKTFNSVSKID
RLSRIAFPLLFGIFNLVYWATYLNREPQLKAPTPHQ

• Neur_chan_LBD (PF02931 )
• Neur_chan_memb (PF02932 )

• 1-27

• 252-273
• 279-300
• 313-334
• 422-443

• Membrane
• multi-pass membrane protein

ATGAGGAAAAGTCCAGGTCTGTCTGACTGTCTTTGGGCCTGGATCCTCCTTCTGAGCACA
CTGACTGGAAGAAGCTATGGACAGCCGTCATTACAAGATGAACTTAAAGACAATACCACT
GTCTTCACCAGGATTTTGGACAGACTCCTAGATGGTTATGACAATCGCCTGAGACCAGGA
TTGGGAGAGCGTGTAACCGAAGTGAAGACTGATATCTTCGTCACCAGTTTCGGACCCGTT
TCAGACCATGATATGGAATATACAATAGATGTATTTTTCCGTCAAAGCTGGAAGGATGAA
AGGTTAAAATTTAAAGGACCTATGACAGTCCTCCGGTTAAATAACCTAATGGCAAGTAAA
ATCTGGACTCCGGACACATTTTTCCACAATGGAAAGAAGTCAGTGGCCCACAACATGACC
ATGCCCAACAAACTCCTGCGGATCACAGAGGATGGCACCTTGCTGTACACCATGAGGCTG
ACAGTGAGAGCTGAATGTCCGATGCATTTGGAGGACTTCCCTATGGATGCCCATGCTTGC
CCACTAAAATTTGGAAGTTATGCTTATACAAGAGCAGAAGTTGTTTATGAATGGACCAGA
GAGCCAGCACGCTCAGTGGTTGTAGCAGAAGATGGATCACGTCTAAACCAGTATGACCTT
CTTGGACAAACAGTAGACTCTGGAATTGTCCAGTCAAGTACAGGAGAATATGTTGTTATG
ACCACTCATTTCCACTTGAAGAGAAAGATTGGCTACTTTGTTATTCAAACATACCTGCCA
TGCATAATGACAGTGATTCTCTCACAAGTCTCCTTCTGGCTCAACAGAGAGTCTGTACCA
GCAAGAACTGTCTTTGGAGTAACAACTGTGCTCACCATGACAACATTGAGCATCAGTGCC
AGAAACTCCCTCCCTAAGGTGGCTTATGCAACAGCTATGGATTGGTTTATTGCCGTGTGC
TATGCCTTTGTGTTCTCAGCTCTGATTGAGTTTGCCACAGTAAACTATTTCACTAAGAGA
GGTTATGCATGGGATGGCAAAAGTGTGGTTCCAGAAAAGCCAAAGAAAGTAAAGGATCCT
CTTATTAAGAAAAACAACACTTACGCTCCAACAGCAACCAGCTACACCCCTAATTTGGCC
AGGGGCGACCCGGGCTTAGCCACCATTGCTAAAAGTGCAACCATAGAACCTAAAGAGGTC
AAGCCCGAAACAAAACCACCAGAACCCAAGAAAACCTTTAACAGTGTCAGCAAAATTGAC
CGACTGTCAAGAATAGCCTTCCCGCTGCTATTTGGAATCTTTAACTTAGTCTACTGGGCT
ACGTATTTAAACAGAGAGCCTCAGCTAAAAGCCCCCACACCACATCAATAG

1. Cossette P, Liu L, Brisebois K, Dong H, Lortie A, Vanasse M, Saint-Hilaire JM, Carmant L, Verner A, Lu WY, Wang YT, Rouleau GA: Mutation of GABRA1 in an autosomal dominant form of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Nat Genet. 2002 Jun;31(2):184-9. Epub 2002 May 6. [PubMed ]
2. Schofield PR, Pritchett DB, Sontheimer H, Kettenmann H, Seeburg PH: Sequence and expression of human GABAA receptor alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits. FEBS Lett. 1989 Feb 27;244(2):361-4. [PubMed ]
3. Garrett KM, Duman RS, Saito N, Blume AJ, Vitek MP, Tallman JF: Isolation of a cDNA clone for the alpha subunit of the human GABA-A receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Oct 31;156(2):1039-45. [PubMed ]

1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed ]
2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed ]