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targets (33) enzymes (1)
for drugs
Identification
Name Adenosine triphosphate
Accession Number DB00171 (EXPT00007, NUTR00017)
Type small molecule
Groups approved, nutraceutical
Description

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
5'-ATP
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate
Adenosine 5'-triphosphoric acid
Adenosine-5'-triphosphate
Adenosine, 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate)
Adenylpyrophosphoric acid
ATP
Triphosphoric acid adenosine ester
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Adephos
Adetol
Adynol
Atipi
Atriphos
Cardenosine
Fosfobion
Glucobasin
Myotriphos
Phosphobion
Striadyne
Triadenyl
Triphosphaden
First Prev Next Last
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Dietary supplement
  • Micronutrient
CAS number 56-65-5
Weight Average: 507.181
Monoisotopic: 506.995745159
Chemical Formula C10H16N5O13P3
InChI Key InChIKey=ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphonic acid
SMILES
NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](CO[P@](O)(=O)O[P@](O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Phosphoric Acids and Derivatives
  • Carbohydrates
Substructures
  • Glycerol and Derivatives
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Phosphonic Acids and Derivatives
  • Organophosphate Esters
  • Phosphoric Acids and Derivatives
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Ethers
  • Pyrimidines and Derivatives
  • Alcohols and Polyols
  • Imidazoles
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Purines and Purine Derivatives
  • Phosphinic Acids and Derivatives
  • Furans
  • Cyanamides
  • Carbohydrates
Pharmacology
Indication For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance
Pharmacodynamics Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the nucleotide known in biochemistry as the "molecular currency" of intracellular energy transfer; that is, ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids. The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1 mole. The energy used by human cells requires the hydrolysis of 200 to 300 moles of ATP daily. This means that each ATP molecule is recycled 2000 to 3000 times during a single day. ATP cannot be stored, hence its consumption must closely follow its synthesis.
Mechanism of action ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids. ATP can be produced by various cellular processes, most typically in mitochondria by oxidative phosphorylation under the catalytic influence of ATP synthase. The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1 mole. The energy used by human cells requires the hydrolysis of 200 to 300 moles of ATP daily. This means that each ATP molecule is recycled 2000 to 3000 times during a single day. ATP cannot be stored, hence its consumption must closely follow its synthesis.
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism Not Available
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life Not Available
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Oral LD50 in rats is > 2 g/kg.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers Not Available
Packagers Not Available
Dosage forms Not Available
Prices Not Available
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 176 °C Not Available
water solubility 1E+006 mg/L MERCK INDEX (1996); freely soluble
logP -5.5 Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 4.49e+00 g/l ALOGPS
logP -0.84 ALOGPS
logP -6.2 ChemAxon
logS -2 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 0.9 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 5 ChemAxon
physiological charge -3 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 14 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 7 ChemAxon
polar surface area 279.13 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 8 ChemAxon
refractivity 95.81 ChemAxon
polarizability 38.61 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Gajewski E, Steckler DK, Goldberg RN: Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis of adenosine 5’-triphosphate to adenosine 5’-diphosphate. J Biol Chem. 1986 Sep 25;261(27):12733-7. Pubmed
  2. Storer AC, Cornish-Bowden A: Concentration of MgATP2- and other ions in solution. Calculation of the true concentrations of species present in mixtures of associating ions. Biochem J. 1976 Oct 1;159(1):1-5. Pubmed
  3. Wilson JE, Chin A: Chelation of divalent cations by ATP, studied by titration calorimetry. Anal Biochem. 1991 Feb 15;193(1):16-9. Pubmed
  4. Garfinkel L, Altschuld RA, Garfinkel D: Magnesium in cardiac energy metabolism. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1986 Oct;18(10):1003-13. Pubmed
  5. Parsons M: Glycosomes: parasites and the divergence of peroxisomal purpose. Mol Microbiol. 2004 Aug;53(3):717-24. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Compound C00002 Link_out
PubChem Compound 5957 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46507614 Link_out
ChemSpider 5742 Link_out
BindingDB 2 Link_out
ChEBI 15422 Link_out
ChEMBL 15422 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DNC000262 Link_out
PharmGKB PA164743471 Link_out
HET ATP Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate Link_out
ATC Codes Not Available
AHFS Codes Not Available
PDB Entries
FDA label Not Available
MSDS show (72.6 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P42684 Link_out
Gene: ABL2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

2. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out
Gene: ABCB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Lage H: MDR1/P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) as target for RNA interference-mediated reversal of multidrug resistance. Curr Drug Targets. 2006 Jul;7(7):813-21. Pubmed
  2. Gardner ER, Burger H, van Schaik RH, van Oosterom AT, de Bruijn EA, Guetens G, Prenen H, de Jong FA, Baker SD, Bates SE, Figg WD, Verweij J, Sparreboom A, Nooter K: Association of enzyme and transporter genotypes with the pharmacokinetics of imatinib. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Aug;80(2):192-201. Pubmed
  3. Blume H, Donath F, Warnke A, Schug BS: Pharmacokinetic drug interaction profiles of proton pump inhibitors. Drug Saf. 2006;29(9):769-84. Pubmed
  4. Gervasini G, Carrillo JA, Garcia M, San Jose C, Cabanillas A, Benitez J: Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) (multidrug resistance 1) G2677T/A gene polymorphism is associated with high risk of lung cancer. Cancer. 2006 Dec 15;107(12):2850-7. Pubmed
  5. Fukui N, Suzuki Y, Sawamura K, Sugai T, Watanabe J, Inoue Y, Someya T: Dose-dependent effects of the 3435 C>T genotype of ABCB1 gene on the steady-state plasma concentration of fluvoxamine in psychiatric patients. Ther Drug Monit. 2007 Apr;29(2):185-9. Pubmed

3. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

Transporter involved in macrophage lipid homeostasis. Is an active component of the macrophage lipid export complex. Could also be involved in intracellular lipid transport processes. The role in cellular lipid homeostasis may not be limited to macrophages

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P45844 Link_out
Gene: ABCG1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Lage H: MDR1/P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) as target for RNA interference-mediated reversal of multidrug resistance. Curr Drug Targets. 2006 Jul;7(7):813-21. Pubmed
  2. Materna V, Stege A, Surowiak P, Priebsch A, Lage H: RNA interference-triggered reversal of ABCC2-dependent cisplatin resistance in human cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 15;348(1):153-7. Epub 2006 Jul 14. Pubmed
  3. Thomas AC, Cullup T, Norgett EE, Hill T, Barton S, Dale BA, Sprecher E, Sheridan E, Taylor AE, Wilroy RS, DeLozier C, Burrows N, Goodyear H, Fleckman P, Stephens KG, Mehta L, Watson RM, Graham R, Wolf R, Slavotinek A, Martin M, Bourn D, Mein CA, O’Toole EA, Kelsell DP: ABCA12 is the major harlequin ichthyosis gene. J Invest Dermatol. 2006 Nov;126(11):2408-13. Epub 2006 Aug 10. Pubmed
  4. Girardin F: Membrane transporter proteins: a challenge for CNS drug development. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006;8(3):311-21. Pubmed
  5. Pinkett HW, Lee AT, Lum P, Locher KP, Rees DC: An inward-facing conformation of a putative metal-chelate-type ABC transporter. Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):373-7. Epub 2006 Dec 7. Pubmed

4. Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q92887 Link_out
Gene: ABCC2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Materna V, Stege A, Surowiak P, Priebsch A, Lage H: RNA interference-triggered reversal of ABCC2-dependent cisplatin resistance in human cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 15;348(1):153-7. Epub 2006 Jul 14. Pubmed
  2. Rau T, Erney B, Gores R, Eschenhagen T, Beck J, Langer T: High-dose methotrexate in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: impact of ABCC2 polymorphisms on plasma concentrations. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Nov;80(5):468-76. Pubmed
  3. Li GX, Pei QL, Gao Y, Liu KM, Nie JS, Han G, Qiu YL, Zhang WP: Protective effects of hepatocellular canalicular conjugate export pump (Mrp2) on sodium arsenite-induced hepatic dysfunction in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2007 Aug;58(6):447-53. Epub 2007 Apr 30. Pubmed

5. ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

cAMP-dependent and sulfonylurea-sensitive anion transporter. Key gatekeeper influencing intracellular cholesterol transport

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O95477 Link_out
Gene: ABCA1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Porchay I, Pean F, Bellili N, Royer B, Cogneau J, Chesnier MC, Caradec A, Tichet J, Balkau B, Marre M, Fumeron F: ABCA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and overweight: the D.E.S.I.R. study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Nov;14(11):1874-9. Pubmed
  2. Badeau R, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Nikander E, Tikkanen MJ, Ylikorkala O, Mikkola TS: Effect of isolated isoflavone supplementation on ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux potential in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2007 Mar-Apr;14(2):293-9. Pubmed
  3. Zarubica A, Trompier D, Chimini G: ABCA1, from pathology to membrane function. Pflugers Arch. 2007 Feb;453(5):569-79. Epub 2006 Jul 21. Pubmed

6. Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic

Pharmacological action: unknown

Activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9NR19 Link_out
Gene: ACSS2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Starai VJ, Celic I, Cole RN, Boeke JD, Escalante-Semerena JC: Sir2-dependent activation of acetyl-CoA synthetase by deacetylation of active lysine. Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2390-2. Pubmed
  4. Schuler AJ, Jenkins D: Enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater by biomass with different phosphorus contents, Part II: Anaerobic adenosine triphosphate utilization and acetate uptake rates. Water Environ Res. 2003 Nov-Dec;75(6):499-511. Pubmed

7. ALK tyrosine kinase receptor

Pharmacological action: unknown

Orphan receptor with a tyrosine-protein kinase activity. Appears to play an important role in the normal development and function of the nervous system. Phosphorylates almost exclusively at the first tyrosine of the Y-x-x-x-Y-Y motif

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9UM73 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

8. NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit

Pharmacological action: unknown

Regulatory subunit of the dimeric UBE1C-APPBP1 E1 enzyme. E1 activates NEDD8 by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of the catalytic cysteine, yielding a NEDD8-UBE1C thioester and free AMP. E1 finally transfers NEDD8 to the catalytic cysteine of UBE2M. Necessary for cell cycle progression through the S-M checkpoint. Overexpression of APPBP1 causes apoptosis through deregulation of NEDD8 conjugation

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q13564 Link_out
Gene: APPBP1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

9. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1

Pharmacological action: unknown

Responsible for the regulation of fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. It also regulates cholesterol synthesis via phosphorylation and inactivation of hormone-sensitive lipase and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Appears to act as a metabolic stress-sensing protein kinase switching off biosynthetic pathways when cellular ATP levels are depleted and when 5'-AMP rises in response to fuel limitation and/or hypoxia. This is a catalytic subunit

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q13131 Link_out
Gene: PRKAA1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

10. A-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P10398 Link_out
Gene: ARAF Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

11. Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3

Pharmacological action: unknown

On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for TGF-beta. May bind activin as well

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P37023 Link_out
Gene: ACVRL1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

12. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Preferentially uses palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P33121 Link_out
Gene: ACSL1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

13. Cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase

Pharmacological action: unknown

May have a critical role in the maintenance of a constant composition of intracellular purine/pyrimidine nucleotides in cooperation with other nucleotidases. Preferentially hydrolyzes inosine 5-prime-monophosphate (IMP) and other purine nucleotides

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P49902 Link_out
Gene: NT5C2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

14. Arsenical pump-driving ATPase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Anion-transporting ATPase. Catalyzes the extrusion of arsenite

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O43681 Link_out
Gene: ASNA1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

15. ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 9

Pharmacological action: unknown

Subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP). Can form cardiac and smooth muscle-type KATP channels with KIR6.2. KIR6.2 forms the channel pore while SUR2 is required for activation and regulation

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O60706 Link_out
Gene: ABCC9 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhao JL, Yang YJ, You SJ, Jing ZC, Wu YJ, Cheng JL, Gao RL: Pretreatment with fosinopril or valsartan reduces myocardial no-reflow after acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion. Coron Artery Dis. 2006 Aug;17(5):463-9. Pubmed
  2. Yang YJ, Zhao JL, You SJ, Wu YJ, Jing ZC, Gao RL, Chen ZJ: Post-infarction treatment with simvastatin reduces myocardial no-reflow by opening of the KATP channel. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007 Jan;9(1):30-6. Epub 2006 Jul 7. Pubmed
  3. Bryan J, Munoz A, Zhang X, Dufer M, Drews G, Krippeit-Drews P, Aguilar-Bryan L: ABCC8 and ABCC9: ABC transporters that regulate K+ channels. Pflugers Arch. 2007 Feb;453(5):703-18. Epub 2006 Aug 8. Pubmed

16. RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase

Pharmacological action: unknown

General protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. Phosphorylates TBC1D4. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis, partly by playing a role in both insulin-induced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in insulin-induced activation of p70 S6 kinase. Promotes glycogen synthesis by mediating the insulin-induced activation of glycogen synthase

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P31749 Link_out
Gene: AKT1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Van Meter TE, Broaddus WC, Cash D, Fillmore H: Cotreatment with a novel phosphoinositide analogue inhibitor and carmustine enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy by attenuating AKT activity in gliomas. Cancer. 2006 Nov 15;107(10):2446-54. Pubmed

17. Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

Specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and closely related receptors, probably inducing a desensitization of them

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P25098 Link_out
Gene: ADRBK1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

18. Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

Oligomeric Apaf-1 mediates the cytochrome c-dependent autocatalytic activation of pro-caspase-9 (Apaf-3), leading to the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis. This activation requires ATP. Isoform 6 is less effective in inducing apoptosis

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O14727 Link_out
Gene: APAF1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Chinnaiyan AM: The apoptosome: heart and soul of the cell death machine. Neoplasia. 1999 Apr;1(1):5-15. Pubmed

19. Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown

Converts acetate to acetyl-CoA so that it can be used for oxidation through the tricarboxylic cycle to produce ATP and CO(2)

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9NUB1 Link_out
Gene: ACSS1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

20. Activin receptor type 1B

Pharmacological action: unknown

On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P36896 Link_out
Gene: ACVR1B Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

21. Activin receptor type-1

Pharmacological action: unknown

On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for activin. May be involved for left-right pattern formation during embryogenesis

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q04771 Link_out
Gene: ACVR1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

22. Bile salt export pump

Pharmacological action: unknown

Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O95342 Link_out
Gene: ABCB11 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Snow KL, Moseley RH: Effect of thiazolidinediones on bile acid transport in rat liver. Life Sci. 2007 Jan 30;80(8):732-40. Epub 2006 Nov 10. Pubmed
  2. Suchy FJ, Ananthanarayanan M: Bile salt excretory pump: biology and pathobiology. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Jul;43 Suppl 1:S10-6. Pubmed

23. Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P08243 Link_out
Gene: ASNS Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

24. Serine/threonine-protein kinase ALS2CR7

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q96Q40 Link_out
Gene: ALS2CR7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

25. ADP/ATP translocase 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P12235 Link_out
Gene: SLC25A4 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Walther T, Tschope C, Sterner-Kock A, Westermann D, Heringer-Walther S, Riad A, Nikolic A, Wang Y, Ebermann L, Siems WE, Bader M, Shakibaei M, Schultheiss HP, Dorner A: Accelerated mitochondrial adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate transport improves hypertension-induced heart disease. Circulation. 2007 Jan 23;115(3):333-44. Epub 2007 Jan 8. Pubmed

26. ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8

Pharmacological action: unknown

Putative subunit of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP). Regulator of ATP-sensitive K+ channels and insulin release

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q09428 Link_out
Gene: ABCC8 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Nakamura A, Kawahito S, Kawano T, Nazari H, Takahashi A, Kitahata H, Nakaya Y, Oshita S: Differential effects of etomidate and midazolam on vascular adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels: isometric tension and patch clamp studies. Anesthesiology. 2007 Mar;106(3):515-22. Pubmed
  2. Bienengraeber M, Warltier DC, Bosnjak ZJ, Stadnicka A: Mechanism of cardiac sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel activation by isoflurane in a heterologous expression system. Anesthesiology. 2006 Sep;105(3):534-40. Pubmed
  3. Bryan J, Munoz A, Zhang X, Dufer M, Drews G, Krippeit-Drews P, Aguilar-Bryan L: ABCC8 and ABCC9: ABC transporters that regulate K+ channels. Pflugers Arch. 2007 Feb;453(5):703-18. Epub 2006 Aug 8. Pubmed
  4. Tanaka K, Kawano T, Nakamura A, Nazari H, Kawahito S, Oshita S, Takahashi A, Nakaya Y: Isoflurane activates sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells: a role for protein kinase A. Anesthesiology. 2007 May;106(5):984-91. Pubmed

27. Argininosuccinate synthase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P00966 Link_out
Gene: ASS1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

28. AFG3-like protein 2

Pharmacological action: unknown

Putative ATP-dependent protease

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9Y4W6 Link_out
Gene: AFG3L2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

29. Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2

Pharmacological action: unknown

Specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and closely related receptors

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P35626 Link_out
Gene: ADRBK2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

30. Anti-Muellerian hormone type-2 receptor

Pharmacological action: unknown

On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for anti-Muellerian hormone

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q16671 Link_out
Gene: AMHR2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

31. Activated CDC42 kinase 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

Tyrosine kinase, that after binding to CDC42, inhibits both its intrinsic and stimulated GTPase activity

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q07912 Link_out
Gene: TNK2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

32. Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P00519 Link_out
Gene: ABL1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

33. Adenylate cyclase type 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

This is a calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase. May be involved in regulatory processes in the central nervous system. It may play a role in memory acquisition and learning

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q08828 Link_out
Gene: ADCY1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Adenosine kinase

Actions: substrate

ATP dependent phosphorylation of adenosine and other related nucleoside analogs to monophosphate derivatives. Serves as a potential regulator of concentrations of extracellular adenosine and intracellular adenine nucleotides

UniProt ID: P55263 Link_out
Gene: ADK Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Park J, Gupta RS: Adenosine kinase and ribokinase—the RK family of proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008 Sep;65(18):2875-96. Pubmed
  2. Leoncini R, Vannoni D, Santoro A, Giglioni S, Carli R, Marinello E: Adenosine kinase from rat liver: new biochemical properties. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2006;25(9-11):1107-12. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19