Pentagastrin

Identification

Summary

Pentagastrin is a gastrin-like molecule used as a diagnostic aid for the evaluation of gastric acid secretory function, gastric hypersecretion, and Zollinger-Ellison tumors.

Generic Name
Pentagastrin
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00183
Background

A synthetic pentapeptide that mimics the actions of endogenous gastrin when given parenterally. It works by stimulating the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor. It has also been used as a diagnostic aid.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 767.9
Monoisotopic: 767.33124736
Chemical Formula
C37H49N7O9S
Synonyms
  • Pentagastrin
External IDs
  • AY-6608
  • ICI 50,123

Pharmacology

Indication

Used as a diagnostic aid for evaluation of gastric acid secretory function

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Diagnostic agentAchlorhydria••••••••••••
Diagnostic agentAchlorhydria••••••••••••
Diagnostic agentAchlorhydria••••••••••••
Diagnostic agentGastric acid suppression••••••••••••
Diagnostic agentGastric hypersecretion••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Pentagastrin is indicated as a diagnostic aid for evaluation of gastric acid secretory function. It is effective in testing for anacidity (achlorhydria) in patients with suspected pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis, or gastric carcinoma. It is also effective in determining the reduction in acid output after operations for peptic ulcer, such as vagotomy or gastric resection.

Mechanism of action

The exact mechanism by which pentagastrin stimulates gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor secretion is unknown; however, since pentagastrin is an analogue of natural gastrin, it is believed that it excites the oxyntic cells of the stomach to secrete to their maximum capacity. Pentagastrin stimulates pancreatic secretion, especially when administered in large intramuscular doses. Pentagastrin also increases gastrointestinal motility by a direct effect on the intestinal smooth muscle. However, it delays gastric emptying time probably by stimulation of terminal antral contractions, which enhance retropulsion.

TargetActionsOrganism
AGastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor
agonist
Humans
Absorption

Rapidly absorbed after parenteral administration.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Primarily hepatic

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

10 minutes or less

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
HistamineThe serum concentration of Histamine can be increased when it is combined with Pentagastrin.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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International/Other Brands
Peptavlon
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
PentagastrinSolution250 ug/1.6mLIntravenousAnazao Health Corporation2012-06-19Not applicableUS flag
Peptavlon Liq Inj 0.25mg/mlLiquid.25 mg / mLIntramuscular; Intravenous; SubcutaneousWyeth Ayerst Canada Inc.1994-12-311998-09-18Canada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
PentagastrinPentagastrin (250 ug/1.6mL)SolutionIntravenousAnazao Health Corporation2012-06-19Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
V04CG04 — Pentagastrin
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hybrid peptides. These are compounds containing at least two different types of amino acids (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) linked to each other through a peptide bond.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Peptidomimetics
Sub Class
Hybrid peptides
Direct Parent
Hybrid peptides
Alternative Parents
Phenylalanine and derivatives / Aspartic acid and derivatives / Methionine and derivatives / N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives / Tryptamines and derivatives / Alpha amino acid amides / Beta amino acids and derivatives / 3-alkylindoles / Amphetamines and derivatives / Substituted pyrroles
show 16 more
Substituents
3-alkylindole / Alpha-amino acid amide / Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Amphetamine or derivatives / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aspartic acid or derivatives / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Beta amino acid or derivatives / Carbamic acid ester
show 35 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
EF0NX91490
CAS number
5534-95-2
InChI Key
NEYNJQRKHLUJRU-DZUOILHNSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C37H49N7O9S/c1-37(2,3)53-36(52)39-16-14-30(45)41-28(19-23-21-40-25-13-9-8-12-24(23)25)34(50)42-26(15-17-54-4)33(49)44-29(20-31(46)47)35(51)43-27(32(38)48)18-22-10-6-5-7-11-22/h5-13,21,26-29,40H,14-20H2,1-4H3,(H2,38,48)(H,39,52)(H,41,45)(H,42,50)(H,43,51)(H,44,49)(H,46,47)/t26-,27-,28-,29-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(3S)-3-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-(3-{[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}propanamido)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamido]-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanamido]-3-{[(1S)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenylethyl]carbamoyl}propanoic acid
SMILES
CSCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)NC(=O)CCNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(N)=O

References

General References
  1. Weintraub HS, Rudolph A: Combination therapy for managing difficult-to-treat patients with stage 2 hypertension: focus on valsartan-based combinations. Am J Ther. 2011 Nov;18(6):e227-43. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181da0437. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D01631
PubChem Compound
9853654
PubChem Substance
46507747
ChemSpider
8029364
BindingDB
50024321
RxNav
7993
ChEBI
31974
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1328
ZINC
ZINC000008214644
Therapeutic Targets Database
DNC001170
PharmGKB
PA450849
Guide to Pharmacology
GtP Drug Page
Wikipedia
Pentagastrin

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
Not AvailableCompletedNot AvailableGastric Acid Secretory Disorders1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Wyeth ayerst laboratories
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SolutionIntravenous250 ug/1.6mL
LiquidIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous.25 mg / mL
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)229 dec °CPhysProp
logP1.6Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00261 mg/mLALOGPS
logP1.66ALOGPS
logP1.05Chemaxon
logS-5.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count8Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count8Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area250.91 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count22Chemaxon
Refractivity200.04 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability78.01 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability0Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9781
Blood Brain Barrier-0.8889
Caco-2 permeable-0.7803
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.8173
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IInhibitor0.5349
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.8697
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8741
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7942
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.7192
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.5854
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.7808
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.6841
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8705
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.6693
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7511
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.7453
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.7568
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9366
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9946
Rat acute toxicity3.2696 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9773
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Inhibitor0.5659
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0gb9-0001039600-413c4c39eefad8dca890
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014j-1001129600-bf532d1f9c01b2a4d493
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0010139000-d0026db5bea90f2ee1da
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0007-3032059300-31fdfc9ae4b98449cb3c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ziv-3902132000-3955e5304bdedfd799db
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0k96-5182394000-befc74d1eb7dcbe320fe
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-286.3058143
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-249.6104
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+284.5777143
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+251.78694
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+285.9881143
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+257.9092
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Type b gastrin/cholecystokinin receptor binding
Specific Function
Receptor for gastrin and cholecystokinin. The CKK-B receptors occur throughout the central nervous system where they modulate anxiety, analgesia, arousal, and neuroleptic activity. This receptor me...
Gene Name
CCKBR
Uniprot ID
P32239
Uniprot Name
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor
Molecular Weight
48418.51 Da
References
  1. Radu D, Ahlin A, Svanborg P, Lindefors N: Anxiogenic effects of the CCK(B) agonist pentagastrin in humans and dose-dependent increase in plasma C-peptide levels. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Jun;161(4):396-403. Epub 2002 Apr 17. [Article]
  2. Khan S, Liberzon I, Abelson JL: Effect of repeat exposure on neuroendocrine and symptom responses to pentagastrin. Psychiatry Res. 2004 May 30;126(3):189-95. [Article]
  3. Makovec F, Peris W, Revel L, Giovanetti R, Mennuni L, Rovati LC: Structure-antigastrin activity relationships of new (R)-4-benzamido-5-oxopentanoic acid derivatives. J Med Chem. 1992 Jan;35(1):28-38. [Article]
  4. Singh P, Walker JP, Townsend CM Jr, Thompson JC: Role of gastrin and gastrin receptors on the growth of a transplantable mouse colon carcinoma (MC-26) in BALB/c mice. Cancer Res. 1986 Apr;46(4 Pt 1):1612-6. [Article]
  5. Nishida A, Kobayashi-Uchida A, Akuzawa S, Takinami Y, Shishido T, Kamato T, Ito H, Yamano M, Yuki H, Nagakura Y, et al.: Gastrin receptor antagonist YM022 prevents hypersecretion after long-term acid suppression. Am J Physiol. 1995 Nov;269(5 Pt 1):G699-705. [Article]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inducer
General Function
Identical protein binding
Specific Function
Esterase with broad substrate specificity. Contributes to the inactivation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Can degrade neurotoxic organophosphate esters.
Gene Name
BCHE
Uniprot ID
P06276
Uniprot Name
Cholinesterase
Molecular Weight
68417.575 Da
References
  1. Chernysheva SV, Iaremko EE: [Cholinergic and hormonal correlations in the regulation of the secretory function of the small intestine]. Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova. 1983 Jun;69(6):827-31. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at January 02, 2024 23:42