Methohexital

Identification

Summary

Methohexital is an anesthetic used to induce deep sedation.

Brand Names
Brevital
Generic Name
Methohexital
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00474
Background

An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 262.3043
Monoisotopic: 262.131742452
Chemical Formula
C14H18N2O3
Synonyms
  • (±)-5-allyl-1-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pentynyl)barbituric acid
  • 5-allyl-1-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pentynyl)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
  • 5-Allyl-1-methyl-5-(1-methyl-pent-2-ynyl)-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione
  • 5-Allyl-5-(3-hexyn-2-yl)-1-methylbarbituric acid
  • Methohexital
  • Methohexitalum
  • Methohexitone
  • Metohexital
  • α-DL-1-methyl-5-allyl-5-(1'-methylpentyn-2-yl)barbituric acid

Pharmacology

Indication

Methohexital is indicated for use as an intravenous anaesthetic. It has also been commonly used to induce deep sedation.

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Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Methohexital, a barbiturate, is used for the induction of anesthesia prior to the use of other general anesthetic agents and for induction of anesthesia for short surgical, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedures associated with minimal painful stimuli. Little analgesia is conferred by barbiturates; their use in the presence of pain may result in excitation.

Mechanism of action

Methohexital binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABAA receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged.

TargetActionsOrganism
AGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
antagonist
Humans
Absorption

The absolute bioavailability following rectal administration of methohexital is 17%.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

73%

Metabolism

Metabolism occurs in the liver through demethylation and oxidation. Side-chain oxidation is the most important biotransformation involved in termination of biologic activity.

Route of elimination

Excretion occurs via the kidneys through glomerular filtration.

Half-life

5.6 ± 2.7 minutes

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The onset of toxicity following an overdose of intravenously administered methohexital will be within seconds of the infusion. If methohexital is administered rectally or is ingested, the onset of toxicity may be delayed. The manifestations of an ultrashort-acting barbiturate in overdose include central nervous system depression, respiratory depression, hypotension, loss of peripheral vascular resistance, and muscular hyperactivity ranging from twitching to convulsive-like movements. Other findings may include convulsions and allergic reactions. Following massive exposure to any barbiturate, pulmonary edema, circulatory collapse with loss of peripheral vascular tone, and cardiac arrest may occur.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Methohexital is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AbaloparatideMethohexital may increase the hypotensive activities of Abaloparatide.
AcebutololMethohexital may increase the hypotensive activities of Acebutolol.
AcenocoumarolThe metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be increased when combined with Methohexital.
AcetaminophenThe metabolism of Acetaminophen can be increased when combined with Methohexital.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol. Alcohol intake may cause additive CNS depressant effects.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Methohexital sodium60200PNZ7Q309-36-4KDXZREBVGAGZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
International/Other Brands
Brevital / Brietal
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Brevital SodiumInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution500 mg/1Intramuscular; Intravenous; RectalPar Pharmaceutical, Inc.2007-11-01Not applicableUS flag
Brevital SodiumInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution500 mg/5mLIntramuscular; Intravenous; RectalPhysicians Total Care, Inc.1960-06-272003-06-30US flag
Brevital SodiumInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution200 mg/1Intramuscular; Intravenous; RectalJHP Pharmaceuticals LLC2013-03-202013-03-14US flag
Brevital SodiumInjection2.5 g/1Intramuscular; RectalMonarch Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2006-10-102006-11-22US flag
Brevital SodiumInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution2.5 g/1Intramuscular; Intravenous; RectalPar Pharmaceutical, Inc.2007-11-012021-01-31US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
N05CB01 — Combinations of barbituratesN01AF01 — MethohexitalN05CA15 — Methohexital
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as barbituric acid derivatives. These are compounds containing a perhydropyrimidine ring substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Diazines
Sub Class
Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
Direct Parent
Barbituric acid derivatives
Alternative Parents
N-acyl ureas / Diazinanes / Dicarboximides / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
Substituents
1,3-diazinane / Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Barbiturate / Carbonic acid derivative / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Dicarboximide / Hydrocarbon derivative / N-acyl urea
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
barbiturates, acetylenic compound (CHEBI:102216)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
E5B8ND5IPE
CAS number
151-83-7
InChI Key
NZXKDOXHBHYTKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C14H18N2O3/c1-5-7-8-10(3)14(9-6-2)11(17)15-13(19)16(4)12(14)18/h6,10H,2,5,9H2,1,3-4H3,(H,15,17,19)
IUPAC Name
5-(hex-3-yn-2-yl)-1-methyl-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
SMILES
CCC#CC(C)C1(CC=C)C(=O)NC(=O)N(C)C1=O

References

General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014617
KEGG Drug
D04985
KEGG Compound
C07844
PubChem Compound
9034
PubChem Substance
46507954
ChemSpider
8683
RxNav
6847
ChEBI
102216
ChEMBL
CHEMBL7413
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000677
PharmGKB
PA164784030
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Methohexital
FDA label
Download (184 KB)
MSDS
Download (46.5 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentAtrial Fibrillation / Atrial Flutter1
4CompletedTreatmentDepression1
4CompletedTreatmentDepression, Bipolar / Unipolar Depression1
4RecruitingTreatmentDepression / Electroconvulsive Therapy1
0CompletedDiagnosticCortical Spreading Depression / Direct Current Electroencephalogram / Electroconvulsive Therapy / Ketamine1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Jhp pharmaceuticals llc
Packagers
  • JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
InjectionIntramuscular; Rectal2.5 g/1
InjectionIntramuscular; Rectal500 mg/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Rectal2.5 g/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Rectal200 mg/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Rectal500 mg/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Rectal500 mg/5mL
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral500 mg
Powder, for solutionIntravenous500 mg / amp
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Brevital sodium 2.5 gm vial221.2USD vial
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP1.8Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP2.29Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)7.73Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.5Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area66.48 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count5Chemaxon
Refractivity71.51 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability27.36 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings1Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9143
Blood Brain Barrier+0.982
Caco-2 permeable+0.5
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.6307
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IInhibitor0.5661
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9294
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9297
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.823
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8823
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.6454
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.8001
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8179
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9099
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7836
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8501
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.954
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.9133
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8264
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9737
Rat acute toxicity2.9098 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.978
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.9697
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Download (12.5 KB)
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-001j-4390000000-8c577a429e1b4575b629
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-0fbc-9520000000-5141cdceea7f6d5013b0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-03e9-0890000000-92f818f568fea6332617
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-0190000000-a34b1eda8a61ebb3b47a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-053r-0910000000-387527ecd1a600e0399b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000x-3930000000-ad0d3e6d94fa2420324e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014r-2900000000-49de4e136e2413aa7f56
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-003u-3900000000-a12130df6702e6f50e04
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-175.4378848
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-161.75856
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+176.0628848
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+164.11656
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+175.4832848
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+170.2097
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function
Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine...
Gene Name
GABRA1
Uniprot ID
P14867
Uniprot Name
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
Molecular Weight
51801.395 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Koltchine VV, Ye Q, Finn SE, Harrison NL: Chimeric GABAA/glycine receptors: expression and barbiturate pharmacology. Neuropharmacology. 1996;35(9-10):1445-56. [Article]
  4. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 03, 2024 02:33