1. DNA

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: intercalation

DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes.

Gene Sequence: FASTA

References:

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
3. Sinha R, Hossain M, Kumar GS: Interaction of small molecules with double-stranded RNA: spectroscopic, viscometric, and calorimetric study of hoechst and proflavine binding to PolyCG structures. DNA Cell Biol. 2009 Apr;28(4):209-19. Pubmed
4. Berezniak EG, gladkovskaia NA, Khrebtova AS, Dukhopel’nikov EV, Zinchenko AV: [Features of binding of proflavine to DNA at different DNA-ligand concentration ratios] Biofizika. 2009 Sep-Oct;54(5):805-12. Pubmed

2. Prothrombin

Pharmacological action: no
Actions: other/unknown

Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P00734
Gene: F2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report

References:

1. Sie P, Bezeaud A, Dupouy D, Archipoff G, Freyssinet JM, Dugoujon JM, Serre G, Guillin MC, Boneu B: An acquired antithrombin autoantibody directed toward the catalytic center of the enzyme. J Clin Invest. 1991 Jul;88(1):290-6. Pubmed
2. Koehler KA, Magnusson S: The binding of proflavin to thrombin. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1974 Jan;160(1):175-84. Pubmed
3. Sonder SA, Fenton JW 2nd: Proflavin binding within the fibrinopeptide groove adjacent to the catalytic site of human alpha-thrombin. Biochemistry. 1984 Apr 10;23(8):1818-23. Pubmed
4. Valeri AM, Wilson SM, Feinman RD: Reaction of antithrombin with proteases. Evidence for a specific reaction with papain. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 Aug 7;614(2):526-33. Pubmed
5. De Cristofaro R, De Candia E, Picozzi M, Landolfi R: Conformational transitions linked to active site ligation in human thrombin: effect on the interaction with fibrinogen and the cleavable platelet receptor. J Mol Biol. 1995 Jan 27;245(4):447-58. Pubmed
6. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

3. HTH-type transcriptional regulator qacR

Pharmacological action: unknown

Transcriptional repressor of qacA. Binds to IR1, an unusually long 28 bp operator, which is located downstream from the qacA promoter and overlaps its transcription start site. QacR is induced from its IR1 site by binding to one of many structurally dissimilar cationic lipophilic compounds, which are also substrates of qacA

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P0A0N4
Gene: qacR
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report

References:

1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

4. TetR family transcriptional repressor LfrR

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q58L87
Gene: lfrR
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report

References:

1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed