Comparative metabolism of tramadol and tapentadol: a toxicological perspective.

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Barbosa J, Faria J, Queiros O, Moreira R, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ

Comparative metabolism of tramadol and tapentadol: a toxicological perspective.

Drug Metab Rev. 2016 Nov;48(4):577-592. doi: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1229788. Epub 2016 Sep 15.

PubMed ID

27580162 [ View in PubMed

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Abstract

Tramadol and tapentadol are centrally acting, synthetic opioid analgesics used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Main metabolic patterns for these drugs in humans are well characterized. Tramadol is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 to O-desmethyltramadol (M1), its main active metabolite. M1 and tapentadol undergo mainly glucuronidation reactions. On the other hand, the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and tapentadol are dependent on multiple factors, such as the route of administration, genetic variability in pharmacokinetic components and concurrent consumption of other drugs. This review aims to comparatively discuss the metabolomics of tramadol and tapentadol, namely by presenting all their known metabolites. An exhaustive literature search was performed using textual and structural queries for tramadol and tapentadol, and associated known metabolizing enzymes and metabolites. A thorough knowledge about tramadol and tapentadol metabolomics is expected to provide additional insights to better understand the interindividual variability in their pharmacokinetics and dose-responsiveness, and contribute to the establishment of personalized therapeutic approaches, minimizing side effects and optimizing analgesic efficacy.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drugs

Tapentadol

Drug Enzymes

Drug	Enzyme	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Tapentadol	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Substrate	Details
Tapentadol	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Substrate	Details
Tapentadol	Cytochrome P450 2D6	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Substrate	Details
Tapentadol	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Substrate	Details
Tapentadol	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7	Protein	Humans	Unknown	Substrate	Details

Drug Reactions

Reaction
Tapentadol DB06204 Cytochrome P450 2C9 Cytochrome P450 2C19 N-Desmethyl tapentadol DBMET00934	Details
Tapentadol DB06204 Cytochrome P450 2D6 Hydroxy tapentadol DBMET03692	Details
Tapentadol DB06204 Sulfotransferase Tapentadol sulfonate DBMET03695	Details
Tapentadol DB06204 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 Tapentadol glucuronide DBMET03696	Details