Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin. Enoxaparin is used to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and is given as a subcutaneous injection. Enoxaparin binds to and accelerates the activity of antithrombin III. By activating antithrombin III, enoxaparin preferentially potentiates the inhibition of coagulation factors Xa and IIa. Factor Xa catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, so enoxaparin's inhibition of this process results in decreased thrombin and ultimately the prevention of fibrin clot formation. Low molecular weight heparins are less effective at inactivating factor IIa due to their shorter length compared to unfractionated heparin.

Synonyms

Not Available

Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Enoxaparin sodium	8NZ41MIK1O	679809-58-6	Not applicable

Product Images

Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
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Lovenox	Injection	60 mg/0.6mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	2018-05-09
Lovenox	Injection	120 mg/0.8mL	Subcutaneous	sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC	1993-03-29	Not applicable
Lovenox	Injection	120 mg/0.8mL	Subcutaneous	sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC	1993-03-29	Not applicable
Lovenox	Injection	80 mg/0.8mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2004-07-28	Not applicable
Lovenox	Injection	40 mg/0.4mL	Subcutaneous	sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC	1993-03-29	Not applicable
Lovenox	Injection	80 mg/0.8mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	2017-12-31
Lovenox	Injection	40 mg/0.4mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	Not applicable
Lovenox	Injection	300 mg/3mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC	1993-03-29	Not applicable
Lovenox	Injection	40 mg/0.4mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	2018-05-09
Lovenox	Injection	300 mg/3mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC	1993-03-29	Not applicable

Additional Data Available

Application Number

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Product Code

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Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
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Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	30 mg/0.3mL	Subcutaneous	Actavis Pharma Company	2012-01-27	2018-05-31
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/1mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/1mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/1mL	Subcutaneous	Sandoz Inc	2010-07-23	Not applicable
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	40 mg/0.4mL	Subcutaneous	Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC	2019-07-15	Not applicable
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	30 mg/0.3mL	Subcutaneous	Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC	2019-04-23	Not applicable
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/1mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	Not applicable
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	40 mg/0.4mL	Subcutaneous	Apotex Corp.	2019-01-31	Not applicable
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/1mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	2018-05-02
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection, solution	150 mg/1mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc.	2015-02-19	Not applicable

Additional Data Available

Application Number

A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.

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Product Code

A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.

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International/Other Brands

Clexane

Categories

UNII

E47C0NF7LV

CAS number

9005-49-6

Pharmacology

Indication

For the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis, which may lead to pulmonary embolism, and also for the prophylaxis of ischemic complications of unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, when concurrently administered with aspirin.

Associated Conditions

Pharmacodynamics

Enoxaparin is a highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from 3800 to 5000 daltons. Enoxaparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Enoxaparin is a well known and commonly used anticoagulant which has antithrombotic properties. Enoxaparin inhibits reactions that lead to the clotting of blood and the formation of fibrin clots both in vitro and in vivo. Enoxaparin acts at multiple sites in the normal coagulation system. Small amounts of enoxaparin in combination with antithrombin III (enoxaparin cofactor) can inhibit thrombosis by inactivating activated Factor X and inhibiting the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Once active thrombosis has developed, larger amounts of enoxaparin can inhibit further coagulation by inactivating thrombin and preventing the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Enoxaparin also prevents the formation of a stable fibrin clot by inhibiting the activation of the fibrin stabilizing factor. Its use should be avoided in patients with a creatinine clearance less than 20mL/min. In these patients, unfractionated heparin should only be used. As for monitoring, active partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) will only increase at high doses of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). Therefore, monitoring aPTT is not recommended. However, anti-Xa activity can be measured to monitor the efficacy of the LMWH.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of enoxaparin is antithrombin-dependent. It acts mainly by accelerating the rate of the neutralization of certain activated coagulation factors by antithrombin, but other mechanisms may also be involved. The antithrombotic effect of enoxaparin is well correlated to the inhibition of factor Xa. Enoxaparin interacts with Antithrombin III, Prothrombin and Factor X. Enoxaparin binds to and accelerates the activity of antithrombin III. By activating antithrombin III, enoxaparin preferentially potentiates the inhibition of coagulation factors Xa and IIa.

Target	Actions	Organism
AAntithrombin-III	potentiator	Humans
ACoagulation factor X	inhibitor	Humans

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Adverse Effects

Comprehensive structured data on known drug adverse effects with statistical prevalence. MedDRA and ICD10 ids are provided for adverse effect conditions and symptoms.

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Contraindications

Structured data covering drug contraindications. Each contraindication describes a scenario in which the drug is not to be used. Includes restrictions on co-administration, contraindicated populations, and more.

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Additional Data Available

Blackbox Warnings

Structured data representing warnings from the black box section of drug labels. These warnings cover important and dangerous risks, contraindications, or adverse effects.

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Absorption

Mean absolute bioavailability of enoxaparin, after 1.5 mg/kg given subcutaneously, based on anti-Factor Xa activity is approximately 100% in healthy volunteers.

Volume of distribution

4.3 L

Protein binding

80% bound-albumin

Metabolism

Undergoes desulfation and polymerization via the liver

Route of elimination

Enoxaparin sodium is primarily metabolized in the liver by desulfation and/or depolymerization to lower molecular weight species with much reduced biological potency. Renal clearance of active fragments represents about 10% of the administered dose and total renal excretion of active and non-active fragments 40% of the dose.

Half life

4.5 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Toxicity

Mouse, median lethal dose greater than 5000 mg/kg. Another side effect is heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT syndrome). HIT is caused by an immunological reaction that makes platelets form clots within the blood vessels, thereby using up coagulation factors.

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
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(1,2,6,7-3H)Testosterone	(1,2,6,7-3H)Testosterone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.
(R)-warfarin	The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Enoxaparin is combined with (R)-warfarin.
(S)-Warfarin	The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Enoxaparin is combined with (S)-Warfarin.
1-Testosterone	1-Testosterone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.
18-methyl-19-nortestosterone	18-methyl-19-nortestosterone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.
3,5-Diiodotyrosine	3,5-Diiodotyrosine may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.
4-hydroxycoumarin	The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Enoxaparin is combined with 4-hydroxycoumarin.
4-Hydroxytestosterone	4-Hydroxytestosterone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.
5beta-dihydrotestosterone	5beta-dihydrotestosterone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.
7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline	The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when 7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline is combined with Enoxaparin.

Additional Data Available

Extended Description

Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.

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Severity

A severity rating for each drug interaction, from minor to major.

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Evidence Level

A rating for the strength of the evidence supporting each drug interaction.

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Action

An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.

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Food Interactions

Avoid danshen, dong quai, evening primrose oil, gingko, policosanol, willow bark

References

Synthesis Reference

Jorgen I. Nielsen, "Process of using light absorption to control enzymatic depolymerization of heparin to produce low molecular weight heparin." U.S. Patent US5106734, issued May, 1981.

US5106734

General References

Not Available

External Links

Human Metabolome Database: HMDB14551
KEGG Drug: D07510
PubChem Substance: 46507450
ChemSpider: 751
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1201685
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP000616
PharmGKB: PA449463
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia: Enoxaparin_sodium

ATC Codes

B01AB05 — Enoxaparin

AHFS Codes

20:12.04.16 — Heparins

FDA label

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Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
0	Completed	Prevention	Deep Venous Thrombosis / Pulmonary Embolism	1
0	Completed	Prevention	Deep Venous Thrombosis / Pulmonary Embolism / Venous Thromboembolism	1
0	Recruiting	Treatment	Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Pregnancy / Pregnancy Loss	1
1	Completed	Not Available	Clexane is Administered to Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Not Available	Enoxaparin Sodium is Administered to Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Other	Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Prevention	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Complications; Cesarean Section / Obesity, Morbid / Postpartum Deep Phlebothrombosis / Pregnancy / Pulmonary Embolism / Venous Thromboembolism	1
1	Completed	Prevention	Deep Venous Thrombosis / Pulmonary Embolism / Venous Thromboembolism	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Bleeding	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Healthy Volunteers	3
1	Completed	Treatment	Infertility	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Thrombotic events	1
1	Unknown Status	Treatment	Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Unknown Status	Treatment	Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) / Venous Thromboembolism	1
1, 2	Completed	Other	Healthy Volunteers	1
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Antithrombotic	1
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Malignant Neoplasm of Pancreas	1
1, 2	Recruiting	Prevention	Obesity, Morbid / Pulmonary Embolism	1
1, 2	Terminated	Treatment	Deep Venous Thrombosis	1
1, 2	Terminated	Treatment	Malignant Lymphomas	1
2	Active Not Recruiting	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	1
2	Completed	Not Available	Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteraemia	1
2	Completed	Other	Deep Venous Thrombosis / General Surgery / Venous Thromboembolism	1
2	Completed	Other	Deep Venous Thrombosis / Pulmonary Embolism / Reconstructive Surgery / Venous Thromboembolism	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Advanced Pancreatic, Colon, Lung, Gastric and Ovarian Cancer	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Deep Vein Thrombosis / Embolism and Thrombosis / Thromboembolism / Thrombotic events / Venous Thromboembolism	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Colorectal Cancers / Hepatic Metastases / Irradiation Damage / Radiation Induced Liver Disease	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Knee Arthroplasty, Total	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Knee Replacement Surgery	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Knee Replacement Surgery / Total Hip Replacement	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Prevention / Thromboembolism	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Thromboembolism	2
2	Completed	Prevention	Thrombosis, Venous	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Total Knee Replacement Surgery	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	6
2	Completed	Treatment	Deep Vein Thrombosis / Thrombosis, Venous	2
2	Completed	Treatment	Healthy Volunteers	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Pancreatic Cancer Metastatic	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Recurrent Abortion	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Submassive Pulmonary Embolism	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Venous Thormboembolism	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Vulvodynia	1
2	Recruiting	Other	Deep Vein Thrombosis / Pulmonary Embolism / Venous Thromboembolism	1
2	Recruiting	Prevention	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee	1
2	Recruiting	Prevention	Gynecologic Cancers / Venous Thromboembolism	1
2	Recruiting	Prevention	Ovarian Cancer	1
2	Recruiting	Prevention	Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI) / Venous Thromboembolism	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Cerebral Venous Thrombosis	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Neoplasms, Esophageal	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Thrombotic events	1
2	Terminated	Prevention	Deep Venous Thrombosis	1
2	Terminated	Prevention	Portal Vein Thrombosis / Splenic Vein Thrombosis	1
2	Terminated	Supportive Care	Deep Vein Thrombosis / Malignancies / Pulmonary Embolism / Thrombotic events / Venous Thromboembolism	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Catheter Related Infections / Catheter-related Occlusion / Central Venous Catheterization / Childhood Cancers / Deep Vein Thrombosis	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Malignant Neoplasm of Pancreas	1
2	Unknown Status	Prevention	Embolic Stroke	1
2	Withdrawn	Prevention	Thrombotic Disorders	1
2	Withdrawn	Treatment	Lung Cancer Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)	1
2, 3	Completed	Prevention	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Venous Thromboembolism	1
2, 3	Completed	Prevention	Percutaneous Coronary Intervention	1
2, 3	Completed	Prevention	Pulmonary Embolism / Thrombosis, Venous	1
2, 3	Completed	Prevention	Thrombosis, Venous	1
2, 3	Completed	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	2
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Malignant Neoplasm of Pancreas	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Myocardial Infarction	1
2, 3	Recruiting	Treatment	Correction of Cancer-related Coagulopathy With Novel Oral Anticoagulant (Edoxaban)	1
3	Completed	Not Available	Malignancies	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Acute ST-Segment Elevation / Myocardial Infarction	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Thromboembolism	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Thromboembolism	2
3	Completed	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis / Pulmonary Embolism	2
3	Completed	Prevention	High Risk Pregnant Women / Placental Insufficiency / Preeclampsia	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Kidney Diseases	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Neoplasms, Abdominal	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Preeclampsia	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Prevention / Venous Thromboembolism	2
3	Completed	Prevention	Pulmonary Embolism / Thrombosis, Venous	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Pulmonary Embolism / Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	13
3	Completed	Supportive Care	Gastrooesophageal Cancer / Malignant Neoplasm of Stomach	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Atrial Fibrillation (AF)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Deep Vein Thrombosis	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Deep Vein Thrombosis / Pulmonary Embolism	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Hip Fracture	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Lung Cancer Non-Small Cell Cancer (NSCLC)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Lung Cancer Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Myocardial Infarction	3
3	Completed	Treatment	Myocardial Infarction / Myocardial Ischemia / Unstable Angina Pectoris	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Myocardial Infarction / Thromboembolism	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Prevention / Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Primary PCI - STEMI	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Pulmonary Embolism	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Systemic Embolism / Thrombotic events	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Thromboprophylaxis in Hospitalized Obese Patients	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Thrombosis, Venous	2
3	Completed	Treatment	Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Enrolling by Invitation	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis / Surgery--Complications	1
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	HCC	1
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Tunnelled Hemodialysis Catheter Infection	1
3	Recruiting	Other	Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Recruiting	Prevention	Anticoagulant Drugs / Cardiac Diseases	1
3	Recruiting	Prevention	Blood Clots / Traumas	1
3	Recruiting	Prevention	Deep Venous Thrombosis / Hemorrhagic Stroke / Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Recruiting	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Deep Vein Thrombosis / Pulmonary Embolism / Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Intrauterine Growth Retardation	1
3	Suspended	Prevention	Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm	1
3	Suspended	Treatment	Liver Cirrhosis	1
3	Terminated	Prevention	Non-major Orthopaedic Surgery	1
3	Terminated	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	2
3	Terminated	Treatment	Lung Cancer Non-Small Cell Cancer (NSCLC)	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Neoplasms / Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Non ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) / Unstable Angina Pectoris	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Pulmonary Embolism	1
3	Withdrawn	Treatment	Asymptotic Venous Thrombosis	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	LOVASTATIN/TICAGRELOR [VA Drug Interaction]	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS)	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Anticoagulants / BMI >30 kg/m2 / Thrombosis, Venous	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Recurrent Miscarriages	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Brain Injury / Thrombosis, Venous	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis / Pulmonary Embolism / Venous Thromboembolic Diseases	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Enoxaparin / Placental Insufficiency	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Femur Head Necrosis / Fracture of Neck of Femur / Osteoarthritis, Hip	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Inflammatory Reaction	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	2
4	Completed	Prevention	Impaired kidney function / Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) / Factor X	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) / Renal Failure	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute Illness	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Adverse Effect of Anticoagulants / Deep Vein Thrombosis / Thrombosis, Venous	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Atrial Fibrillation (AF)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Atrial Fibrillation (AF) / Bleeding / Stroke / Thrombo-embolism	1
4	Completed	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Bruises	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Coronary Artery Disease	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Mechanical Valve Replacement / Warfarin Therapy	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Recurrent Miscarriages	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Thrombosis, Venous	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Unexplained Infertility	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Bleeding as Surgical Complication (Treatment) / Deep Venous Thrombosis / Pulmonary Embolism / Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis / Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Knee Osteoarthritis (Knee OA)	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Infertility	1
4	Recruiting	Basic Science	Anticoagulants and Bleeding Disorders / General Surgery / Regional Anesthesia Morbidity	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Recurrent Miscarriages	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis / General Surgery / Thromboembolic Events / Traumas	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Deep Venous Thrombosis / Pulmonary Embolism	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Digestive System Neoplasms / Enoxaparin / Neoplasms, Gastrointestinal / Thromboembolic Events	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Myocardial Infarction	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Pulmonary Embolism / Thromboprophylaxis / Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Traumatic Injuries / Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) / Myocardial Infarction / Myocardial Ischemia / Unstable Angina Pectoris	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Coronary Artery Disease / Percutaneous Coronary Intervention	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Female Infertility	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)	1
4	Terminated	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis	1
4	Terminated	Prevention	Thromboprophylaxis / Traumas / Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Blood Clots / Deep Vein Thrombosis	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Coronary Artery Disease	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Unstable Angina Pectoris	1
4	Unknown Status	Not Available	This Study Will Provide Data Comparing Safety of LMWH Versus UFH in the Treatment of Acute PE Cases Who Require Thrombolytic Treatment	1
4	Unknown Status	Prevention	Cerebral Hemorrhage	1
4	Unknown Status	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis / Prevention / Thrombotic events / Venous	1
4	Unknown Status	Prevention	General Surgery / Prevention / Thrombotic events	1
4	Unknown Status	Prevention	Hemodialysis Patients	1
4	Unknown Status	Prevention	Thromboembolism	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Abortions spontaneous / Pregnancy	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Pulmonary Embolism / Thrombosis, Venous	1
4	Withdrawn	Prevention	Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) / Venous Thromboembolism	1
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Health Services Research	Neoplasms / Thrombosis, Venous	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Healthy Volunteers	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Malignant Lymphomas / Thromboembolism / Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Meningiomas	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Thrombosis, Venous	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Unsuspected Pulmonary Embolism	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) / Coronary Artery Disease	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Bleeding / Deep Vein Thrombosis of Lower Limb / Pulmonary Embolism	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	End Stage Renal Failure on Dialysis	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Fetal mortality / Intrauterine Growth Retardation / Preeclampsia / Premature separation of placenta / Thromboembolism	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Thromboembolic Complications	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolic Diseases	1
Not Available	Completed	Supportive Care	Bone Metastases / Musculoskeletal Cancer / Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS) / Thromboembolism	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Cancer Patients First-ever Acute Ischemic Stroke	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Patients / Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Deep Vein Thrombosis / Pulmonary Embolism	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Venous Thromboembolism	1
Not Available	No Longer Available	Not Available	Type 1 Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Post Polypectomy Bleeding in Anticoagulated Patients	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Exacerbation Copd / Venous Thromboembolism	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis / Other Specified Risk Factors in Pregnancy / Perioperative/Postoperative Complications / Pulmonary Embolism / Thrombophilia Associated With Pregnancy / Thrombosis, Venous	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute DVT of Lower Extremity	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Blood Clots / Deep Vein Thrombosis / Malignancies / Pulmonary Embolism / Venous Thromboembolism	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Liver Cirrhosis	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Recurrent Pregnancy Losses / Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease	1
Not Available	Terminated	Prevention	Thrombosis, Venous	1
Not Available	Terminated	Treatment	Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS)	1
Not Available	Terminated	Treatment	Soft Tissue Neoplasms	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Not Available	Positive Anti Phospholipid Syndrome / Recurrent Pregnancy Losses	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Prevention	Thrombotic events	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Supportive Care	Blood Loss / Osteoarthritis, Hip	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Heart; Complications, Valve, Prosthesis / Pregnancy	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Not Available	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) / Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction / ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction / Unstable Angina Pectoris	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Prevention	Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Treatment	Portal Vein Thrombosis	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Cardinal Health
Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
Neuman Distributors Inc.
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Sanofi-Aventis Inc.

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Injection	Subcutaneous	100 mg/1mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	120 mg/0.8mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	150 mg/1mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	30 mg/0.3mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	300 mg/3mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	40 mg/0.4mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	60 mg/0.6mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	80 mg/0.8mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	100 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	120 mg/0.8mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	150 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	30 mg/0.3mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	40 mg/0.4mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	60 mg/0.6mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	80 mg/0.8mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	100 mg/1mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	120 mg/0.8mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	30 mg/0.3mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	300 mg/3mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	40 mg/0.4mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	60 mg/0.6mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	80 mg/0.8mL
Solution	Subcutaneous	100 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous	30 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous	40 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous	60 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous	80 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous
Solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Lovenox 300 mg/3ml Solution 3ml Vial	281.47USD	vial
Lovenox 150 mg/ml Solution 1ml Syringe	140.94USD	syringe
Lovenox 100 mg/ml Solution 1ml Syringe	93.93USD	syringe
Lovenox 80 mg/0.8ml Solution 0.8ml Syringe	75.14USD	syringe
Lovenox 60 mg/0.6ml Solution 0.6ml Syringe	56.36USD	syringe
Lovenox 40 mg/0.4ml Solution 0.4ml Syringe	37.53USD	syringe
Lovenox Hp (0.8Ml/1Ml Syringe) 150 mg/ml Syringe	34.63USD	syringe
Lovenox 30 mg/0.3ml Solution 0.3ml Syringe	28.15USD	syringe
Lovenox (0.4 - 1 Ml Syringe) 100 mg/ml Syringe	23.09USD	syringe
Lovenox 100 mg/ml	23.09USD	syringe
Lovenox (0.3 Ml Syringe) 30 mg/syr Syringe	6.97USD	syringe

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
Unlock Additional Data
US5389618	No	1995-02-14	2012-02-14
CA2045433	No	2002-07-30	2011-06-25

Additional Data Available

Filed On

The date on which a patent was filed with the relevant government.

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Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
water solubility	> 200 mg/mL	Not Available
logP	-13.2	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Not Available

Predicted ADMET features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	-	0.9215
Blood Brain Barrier	-	0.8366
Caco-2 permeable	-	0.6496
P-glycoprotein substrate	Non-substrate	0.698
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.5818
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.9771
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.9454
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.6694
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8196
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Non-substrate	0.5842
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.8157
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.771
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8869
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.7655
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9194
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.9232
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.5957
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.694
Biodegradation	Not ready biodegradable	0.851
Rat acute toxicity	2.3846 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9589
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.7157

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST): Not Available
Spectra: Not Available

Taxonomy

Classification: Not classified

Targets

Details1. Antithrombin-III

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Potentiator

General Function: Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Specific Function: Most important serine protease inhibitor in plasma that regulates the blood coagulation cascade. AT-III inhibits thrombin, matriptase-3/TMPRSS7, as well as factors IXa, Xa and XIa. Its inhibitory a...
Gene Name: SERPINC1
Uniprot ID: P01008
Uniprot Name: Antithrombin-III
Molecular Weight: 52601.935 Da

References

Peng K, Wang C, Pang BS, Yang YH: [Effects of thrombolysis and anticoagulation on the functions of vascular endothelial cells and coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2005 Sep;28(9):596-9. [PubMed:16207425]
Lee S, Gibson CM: Enoxaparin in acute coronary syndromes. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2007 May;5(3):387-99. [PubMed:17489664]
Bisio A, Vecchietti D, Citterio L, Guerrini M, Raman R, Bertini S, Eisele G, Naggi A, Sasisekharan R, Torri G: Structural features of low-molecular-weight heparins affecting their affinity to antithrombin. Thromb Haemost. 2009 Nov;102(5):865-73. doi: 10.1160/TH09-02-0081. [PubMed:19888521]

Details2. Coagulation factor X

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Serine-type endopeptidase activity
Specific Function: Factor Xa is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that converts prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of factor Va, calcium and phospholipid during blood clotting.
Gene Name: F10
Uniprot ID: P00742
Uniprot Name: Coagulation factor X
Molecular Weight: 54731.255 Da

References

Graff J, Picard-Willems B, Harder S: Monitoring effects of direct FXa-inhibitors with a new one-step prothrombinase-induced clotting time (PiCT) assay: comparative in vitro investigation with heparin, enoxaparin, fondaparinux and DX 9065a. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Apr;45(4):237-43. [PubMed:17474542]
Berges A, Laporte S, Epinat M, Zufferey P, Alamartine E, Tranchand B, Decousus H, Mismetti P: Anti-factor Xa activity of enoxaparin administered at prophylactic dosage to patients over 75 years old. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Oct;64(4):428-38. Epub 2007 May 17. [PubMed:17509040]
Sanchez-Pena P, Hulot JS, Urien S, Ankri A, Collet JP, Choussat R, Lechat P, Montalescot G: Anti-factor Xa kinetics after intravenous enoxaparin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a population model analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;60(4):364-73. [PubMed:16187968]
Dalmora SL, Junior LB, Schmidt CA, Vaccari SF, Oliveira PR, Codevilla CF: Validation of the anti-factor Xa assay for the potency assessment of enoxaparin in pharmaceutical formulations. J AOAC Int. 2004 Nov-Dec;87(6):1305-8. [PubMed:15675440]
Paige JT, Gouda BP, Gaitor-Stampley V, Scalia PG, Klainer TE, Raum WJ, Martin LF: No correlation between anti-factor Xa levels, low-molecular-weight heparin, and bleeding after gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007 Jul-Aug;3(4):469-75. Epub 2007 Jun 12. [PubMed:17567541]

Enzymes

Details1. Myeloperoxidase

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Peroxidase activity
Specific Function: Part of the host defense system of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It is responsible for microbicidal activity against a wide range of organisms. In the stimulated PMN, MPO catalyzes the production o...
Gene Name: MPO
Uniprot ID: P05164
Uniprot Name: Myeloperoxidase
Molecular Weight: 83867.71 Da

References

Rudolph TK, Rudolph V, Witte A, Klinke A, Szoecs K, Lau D, Heitzer T, Meinertz T, Baldus S: Liberation of vessel adherent myeloperoxidase by enoxaparin improves endothelial function. Int J Cardiol. 2010 Apr 1;140(1):42-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.10.035. Epub 2008 Dec 2. [PubMed:19049846]
Baldus S, Eiserich JP, Mani A, Castro L, Figueroa M, Chumley P, Ma W, Tousson A, White CR, Bullard DC, Brennan ML, Lusis AJ, Moore KP, Freeman BA: Endothelial transcytosis of myeloperoxidase confers specificity to vascular ECM proteins as targets of tyrosine nitration. J Clin Invest. 2001 Dec;108(12):1759-70. doi: 10.1172/JCI12617. [PubMed:11748259]

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on December 06, 2019 11:56