Enoxaparin - DrugBank

ID Pharmacology Interactions References Trials Economics Properties Spectra Taxonomy

Targets (2)Enzymes (1)

Targets (2)Enzymes (1)Biointeractions (3)

Identification

Name

Enoxaparin

Accession Number

DB01225 (APRD00068)

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Description

Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin. Enoxaparin is used to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and is given as a subcutaneous injection. Enoxaparin binds to and accelerates the activity of antithrombin III. By activating antithrombin III, enoxaparin preferentially potentiates the inhibition of coagulation factors Xa and IIa. Factor Xa catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, so enoxaparin's inhibition of this process results in decreased thrombin and ultimately the prevention of fibrin clot formation. Low molecular weight heparins are less effective at inactivating factor IIa due to their shorter length compared to unfractionated heparin.

Structure

Synonyms

Enoxaparin sodium

External IDs

Not Available

Product Ingredients

Not Available

Approved Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Winthrop U.S.	2011-10-03	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	300 mg/3mL	Subcutaneous	Winthrop U.S.	2011-10-03	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	300 mg/3mL	Subcutaneous	Fresenius Kabi	2015-02-20	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2015-02-20	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2015-02-20	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	60 mg/.6mL	Subcutaneous	Winthrop U.S.	2011-10-03	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	120 mg/.8mL	Subcutaneous	Winthrop U.S.	2011-10-03	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	30 mg/.3mL	Subcutaneous	Winthrop U.S.	2011-10-03	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Fresenius Kabi	2015-02-20	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2015-02-20	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	80 mg/.8mL	Subcutaneous	Winthrop U.S.	2011-10-03	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	150 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Winthrop U.S.	2011-10-03	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2015-02-20	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2015-02-20	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	40 mg/.4mL	Subcutaneous	Winthrop U.S.	2011-10-03	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	150 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Fresenius Kabi	2015-02-20	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	100 mg/mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Solution	100 mg	Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	2012-09-21	Not applicable	Canada
Lovenox	Injection	100 mg/mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	40 mg/.4mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	80 mg/.8mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2004-07-28	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Solution	40 mg	Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1998-06-02	Not applicable	Canada
Lovenox	Injection	30 mg/.3mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	80 mg/.8mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	80 mg/.8mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	80 mg/.8mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	300 mg/3mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	100 mg/mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	100 mg/mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2007-11-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Solution	80 mg	Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	2012-09-11	Not applicable	Canada
Lovenox	Solution	30 mg	Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-12-31	Not applicable	Canada
Lovenox	Injection	120 mg/.8mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	40 mg/.4mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	40 mg/.4mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	120 mg/.8mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	60 mg/.6mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	40 mg/.4mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2005-10-06	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	40 mg/.4mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	100 mg/mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	30 mg/.3mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	120 mg/.8mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2007-12-04	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	150 mg/mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	60 mg/.6mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	60 mg/.6mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	60 mg/.6mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	30 mg/.3mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	150 mg/mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	80 mg/.8mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	60 mg/.6mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2006-05-17	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Solution	60 mg	Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	2012-11-13	Not applicable	Canada
Lovenox	Injection	300 mg/3mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox	Injection	30 mg/.3mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	1993-03-29	Not applicable	US
Lovenox Hp	Solution	150 mg	Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	2012-12-07	Not applicable	Canada
Lovenox Hp	Solution	120 mg	Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	2002-05-21	Not applicable	Canada
Lovenox Hp	Solution	90 mg	Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	Not applicable	Not applicable	Canada
Lovenox With Preservative 300mg/3ml	Solution	100 mg	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sanofi Aventis	1998-01-21	Not applicable	Canada

Approved Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	60 mg/.6mL	Subcutaneous	Watson Pharma, Inc.	2012-01-27	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	150 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Sandoz	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Sandoz	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection, solution	120 mg/.8mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc.	2014-09-26	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	40 mg/.4mL	Subcutaneous	Watson Pharma, Inc.	2012-01-27	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	150 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Sandoz	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	120 mg/.8mL	Subcutaneous	Watson Pharma, Inc.	2012-01-27	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection, solution	150 mg/mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc.	2014-09-26	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Sandoz	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	150 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection, solution	60 mg/.6mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc.	2014-09-26	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	80 mg/.8mL	Subcutaneous	Watson Pharma, Inc.	2012-01-27	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	150 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Sandoz	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection, solution	80 mg/.8mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc.	2014-09-26	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	150 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Watson Pharma, Inc.	2012-01-27	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection, solution	30 mg/.3mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc.	2014-09-26	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Sandoz	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	150 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection, solution	100 mg/mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc.	2014-09-26	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Sandoz	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Watson Pharma, Inc.	2012-01-27	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	150 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	30 mg/.3mL	Subcutaneous	Watson Pharma, Inc.	2012-01-27	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Sandoz	2012-04-23	2017-11-30	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection	100 mg/mL	Subcutaneous	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2011-09-19	Not applicable	US
Enoxaparin Sodium	Injection, solution	40 mg/.4mL	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc.	2014-09-26	Not applicable	US

Approved Over the Counter Products

Not Available

Unapproved/Other Products

Not Available

International Brands

Name	Company
Clexane	Not Available

Brand mixtures

Not Available

Categories

UNII

8NZ41MIK1O

CAS number

9005-49-6

Weight

Not Available

Chemical Formula

C₂₆H₄₂N₂O₃₇S₅

InChI Key

HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

Not Available

IUPAC Name

Not Available

SMILES

Not Available

Pharmacology

Indication

For the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis, which may lead to pulmonary embolism, and also for the prophylaxis of ischemic complications of unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, when concurrently administered with aspirin.

Structured Indications

Pharmacodynamics

Enoxaparin is a highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from 3800 to 5000 daltons. Enoxaparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Enoxaparin is a well known and commonly used anticoagulant which has antithrombotic properties. Enoxaparin inhibits reactions that lead to the clotting of blood and the formation of fibrin clots both in vitro and in vivo. Enoxaparin acts at multiple sites in the normal coagulation system. Small amounts of enoxaparin in combination with antithrombin III (enoxaparin cofactor) can inhibit thrombosis by inactivating activated Factor X and inhibiting the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Once active thrombosis has developed, larger amounts of enoxaparin can inhibit further coagulation by inactivating thrombin and preventing the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Enoxaparin also prevents the formation of a stable fibrin clot by inhibiting the activation of the fibrin stabilizing factor. Its use should be avoided in patients with a creatinine clearance less than 20mL/min. In these patients, unfractionated heparin should only be used. As for monitoring, active partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) will only increase at high doses of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). Therefore, monitoring aPTT is not recommended. However, anti-Xa activity can be measured to monitor the efficacy of the LMWH.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of enoxaparin is antithrombin-dependent. It acts mainly by accelerating the rate of the neutralization of certain activated coagulation factors by antithrombin, but other mechanisms may also be involved. The antithrombotic effect of enoxaparin is well correlated to the inhibition of factor Xa. Enoxaparin interacts with Antithrombin III, Prothrombin and Factor X. Enoxaparin binds to and accelerates the activity of antithrombin III. By activating antithrombin III, enoxaparin preferentially potentiates the inhibition of coagulation factors Xa and IIa.

Target	Kind	Pharmacological action	Actions	Organism	UniProt ID
Antithrombin-III	Protein	yes	potentiator	Human	P01008	details
Coagulation factor X	Protein	yes	inhibitor	Human	P00742	details

Absorption

Mean absolute bioavailability of enoxaparin, after 1.5 mg/kg given subcutaneously, based on anti-Factor Xa activity is approximately 100% in healthy volunteers.

Volume of distribution

4.3 L

Protein binding

80% bound-albumin

Metabolism

Undergoes desulfation and polymerization via the liver

Route of elimination

Enoxaparin sodium is primarily metabolized in the liver by desulfation and/or depolymerization to lower molecular weight species with much reduced biological potency. Renal clearance of active fragments represents about 10% of the administered dose and total renal excretion of active and non-active fragments 40% of the dose.

Half life

4.5 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Toxicity

Mouse, median lethal dose greater than 5000 mg/kg. Another side effect is heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT syndrome). HIT is caused by an immunological reaction that makes platelets form clots within the blood vessels, thereby using up coagulation factors.

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Drug	Interaction	Drug group
Abciximab	Abciximab may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Aceclofenac	Aceclofenac may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Acenocoumarol	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol.	Approved
Acetylsalicylic acid	Acetylsalicylic acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Adapalene	Adapalene may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Aliskiren	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Aliskiren.	Approved, Investigational
Allylestrenol	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Allylestrenol.	Approved
Alprostadil	Alprostadil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Alteplase	Alteplase may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Amiloride	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Amiloride.	Approved
Aminosalicylic Acid	Aminosalicylic Acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Anagrelide	Anagrelide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Ancrod	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod.	Investigational
Andrographolide	HMPL-004 may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational
Anistreplase	Anistreplase may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Antipyrine	Antipyrine may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Antithrombin III human	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Antithrombin III human.	Approved
Apixaban	Apixaban may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Apremilast	Apremilast may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Aprotinin	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Aprotinin.	Approved, Withdrawn
Ardeparin	Ardeparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Withdrawn
Argatroban	Argatroban may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Azapropazone	Azapropazone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Withdrawn
Azelastine	Azelastine may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Azilsartan medoxomil	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Azilsartan medoxomil.	Approved
Balsalazide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Balsalazide is combined with Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Bazedoxifene	Bazedoxifene may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Becaplermin	Becaplermin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Bemiparin	Bemiparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Benazepril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Benazepril.	Approved, Investigational
Benoxaprofen	Benoxaprofen may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Withdrawn
Beraprost	Beraprost may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational
Betulinic Acid	Betulinic Acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational
Bivalirudin	Bivalirudin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Bromfenac	Bromfenac may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Canagliflozin	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Canagliflozin.	Approved
Candesartan	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Candesartan.	Approved
Candoxatril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Candoxatril.	Experimental
Cangrelor	Cangrelor may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Captopril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Captopril.	Approved
Carprofen	Carprofen may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved, Withdrawn
Castanospermine	Castanospermine may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Experimental
Celecoxib	Celecoxib may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Certoparin	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Certoparin.	Approved
Chloroquine	Chloroquine may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Chlorotrianisene	Chlorotrianisene may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Withdrawn
Choline magnesium trisalicylate	Trisalicylate-choline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Cilazapril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Cilazapril.	Approved
Cilostazol	Cilostazol may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Citric Acid	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Citric Acid.	Nutraceutical, Vet Approved
Clonixin	Clonixin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Clopidogrel	Clopidogrel may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Nutraceutical
Conjugated estrogens	Conjugated Equine Estrogens may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Dabigatran etexilate	Dabigatran etexilate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Dalteparin	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dalteparin.	Approved
Dasatinib	Dasatinib may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Deferasirox	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Enoxaparin is combined with Deferasirox.	Approved, Investigational
Defibrotide	Defibrotide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Deoxycholic Acid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Enoxaparin is combined with Deoxycholic Acid.	Approved
Desirudin	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Desirudin.	Approved
Desmoteplase	Desmoteplase may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational
Desogestrel	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Desogestrel.	Approved
Dextran	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dextran.	Approved, Vet Approved
Dextran 40	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dextran 40.	Approved
Diclofenac	Diclofenac may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Dicoumarol	Dicoumarol may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Dienestrol	Dienestrol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Dienogest	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Dienogest.	Approved
Diethylstilbestrol	Diethylstilbestrol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Diflunisal	Diflunisal may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Dipyridamole	Dipyridamole may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Ditazole	Ditazole may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Withdrawn
Drospirenone	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Drospirenone.	Approved
Drotrecogin alfa	Drotrecogin alfa may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Droxicam	Droxicam may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Dydrogesterone	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Dydrogesterone.	Approved, Withdrawn
Edetic Acid	Edetic Acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Edoxaban	Edoxaban may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Enalapril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Enalapril.	Approved, Vet Approved
Enalaprilat	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Enalaprilat.	Approved
Epinastine	Epinastine may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Epirizole	Epirizole may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Eplerenone	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Eplerenone.	Approved
Epoprostenol	Epoprostenol may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Eprosartan	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Eprosartan.	Approved
Eptifibatide	Eptifibatide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Estradiol	Estradiol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Estriol	Estriol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Estrone	Estrone may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Etanercept	Etanercept may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Ethinyl Estradiol	Ethinyl Estradiol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Ethyl biscoumacetate	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ethyl biscoumacetate.	Withdrawn
Ethynodiol diacetate	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Ethynodiol diacetate.	Approved
Etodolac	Etodolac may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Etofenamate	Etofenamate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Etonogestrel	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Etonogestrel.	Approved, Investigational
Etoricoxib	Etoricoxib may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Fenbufen	Fenbufen may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Fenoprofen	Fenoprofen may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Fibrinolysin	Plasmin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational
Floctafenine	Floctafenine may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Withdrawn
Flurbiprofen	Flurbiprofen may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Fondaparinux sodium	Fondaparinux sodium may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Forasartan	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Forasartan.	Experimental
Fosinopril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Fosinopril.	Approved
Gabexate	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Gabexate.	Investigational
Genistein	Genistein may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational
Gestodene	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Gestodene.	Approved
Gestrinone	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Gestrinone.	Approved
Hemin	Hemin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Heparin	Heparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Hexestrol	Hexestrol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Withdrawn
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Hydroxyprogesterone caproate.	Approved
Ibritumomab tiuxetan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Enoxaparin is combined with Ibritumomab tiuxetan.	Approved
Ibrutinib	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibrutinib is combined with Enoxaparin.	Approved
Ibudilast	Ibudilast may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Ibuprofen	Ibuprofen may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Ibuproxam	Ibuproxam may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Withdrawn
Icatibant	Icatibant may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Icosapent ethyl	Icosapent ethyl may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Nutraceutical
Ifenprodil	Ifenprodil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Withdrawn
Iloprost	Iloprost may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Indomethacin	Indomethacin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Indoprofen	Indoprofen may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Withdrawn
Irbesartan	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Irbesartan.	Approved, Investigational
Isoxicam	Isoxicam may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Withdrawn
Kebuzone	Kebuzone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Experimental
Ketoprofen	Ketoprofen may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Ketorolac	Ketorolac may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Leflunomide	Leflunomide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Lepirudin	Lepirudin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Levonorgestrel	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Levonorgestrel.	Approved, Investigational
Limaprost	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Limaprost is combined with Enoxaparin.	Approved
Lisinopril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Lisinopril.	Approved, Investigational
Lornoxicam	Lornoxicam may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Losartan	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Losartan.	Approved
Loxoprofen	Loxoprofen may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Lumiracoxib	Lumiracoxib may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Magnesium salicylate	Magnesium salicylate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Masoprocol	Masoprocol may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Meclofenamic acid	Meclofenamic acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Medrogestone	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Medrogestone.	Approved
Medroxyprogesterone acetate	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Medroxyprogesterone acetate.	Approved, Investigational
Mefenamic acid	Mefenamic acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Megestrol acetate	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Megestrol acetate.	Approved, Vet Approved
Meloxicam	Meloxicam may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Mesalazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mesalazine is combined with Enoxaparin.	Approved
Mestranol	Mestranol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Metamizole	Metamizole may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Withdrawn
Methallenestril	Methallenestril may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Experimental
Milrinone	Milrinone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Moexipril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Moexipril.	Approved
Mycophenolate mofetil	Mycophenolate mofetil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Mycophenolic acid	Mycophenolic acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Nabumetone	Nabumetone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Nadroparin	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Nadroparin.	Approved
Nafamostat	Nafamostat may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Naftifine	Naftifine may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Naproxen	Naproxen may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved
NCX 4016	NCX 4016 may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational
Nepafenac	Nepafenac may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Niflumic Acid	Niflumic Acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Nimesulide	Nimesulide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Withdrawn
Nintedanib	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Enoxaparin is combined with Nintedanib.	Approved
Norethisterone	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Norethisterone.	Approved
Obinutuzumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Enoxaparin is combined with Obinutuzumab.	Approved
Olmesartan	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Olmesartan.	Approved, Investigational
Olopatadine	Olopatadine may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Olsalazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Olsalazine is combined with Enoxaparin.	Approved
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Enoxaparin is combined with Omacetaxine mepesuccinate.	Approved
Omapatrilat	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Omapatrilat.	Investigational
Omega-3 fatty acids	Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Nutraceutical
Oxaprozin	Oxaprozin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Oxyphenbutazone	Oxyphenbutazone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Withdrawn
Palifermin	The serum concentration of Palifermin can be increased when it is combined with Enoxaparin.	Approved
Parecoxib	Parecoxib may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Parnaparin	Parnaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Pentosan Polysulfate	Pentosan Polysulfate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Pentoxifylline	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Perindopril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Perindopril.	Approved
Phenindione	Phenindione may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Phenprocoumon	Phenprocoumon may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Phenylbutazone	Phenylbutazone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Pimecrolimus	Pimecrolimus may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Pirfenidone	Pirfenidone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational
Piroxicam	Piroxicam may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Prasugrel	Prasugrel may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Progesterone	The therapeutic efficacy of Enoxaparin can be decreased when used in combination with Progesterone.	Approved, Vet Approved
Propacetamol	Propacetamol may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Protein S human	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Protein S human.	Approved
PTC299	PTC299 may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational
Quinapril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Quinapril.	Approved, Investigational
Quinestrol	Quinestrol may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Ramipril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Ramipril.	Approved
Rescinnamine	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Rescinnamine.	Approved
Resveratrol	Resveratrol may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Experimental, Investigational
Reteplase	Reteplase may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Reviparin	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Reviparin.	Approved
Ridogrel	Ridogrel may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Rivaroxaban	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Rivaroxaban.	Approved
Rofecoxib	Rofecoxib may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational, Withdrawn
Rosiglitazone	Rosiglitazone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Sacubitril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Sacubitril.	Approved
Salicylamide	Salicylamide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Salicylic acid	Salicylic acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Salsalate	Salsalate may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Saprisartan	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Saprisartan.	Experimental
Selexipag	Selexipag may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Sevoflurane	Sevoflurane may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Spirapril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Spirapril.	Approved
Spironolactone	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Spironolactone.	Approved
SRT501	SRT501 may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational
Streptokinase	Streptokinase may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Sugammadex	Sugammadex may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Sulfasalazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sulfasalazine is combined with Enoxaparin.	Approved
Sulindac	Sulindac may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Sulodexide	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Sulodexide.	Approved, Investigational
Suprofen	Suprofen may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Withdrawn
Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, A	Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, A may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, B	Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, B may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Tasosartan	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Tasosartan.	Approved
Telmisartan	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Telmisartan.	Approved, Investigational
Temocapril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Temocapril.	Experimental, Investigational
Tenecteplase	Tenecteplase may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Tenoxicam	Tenoxicam may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Teriflunomide	Teriflunomide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Tesmilifene	Tesmilifene may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational
Tiaprofenic acid	Tiaprofenic acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Tibolone	Tibolone may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Ticagrelor	Ticagrelor may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Ticlopidine	Ticlopidine may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Tinzaparin	Tinzaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Tipranavir	Tipranavir may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Tirofiban	Tirofiban may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Tolfenamic Acid	Tolfenamic Acid may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Tolmetin	Tolmetin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Tositumomab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Enoxaparin is combined with Tositumomab.	Approved
Trandolapril	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Trandolapril.	Approved
Tranilast	Tranilast may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Trapidil	Trapidil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Treprostinil	Treprostinil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational
Triamterene	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Triamterene.	Approved
Triflusal	Triflusal may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Urokinase	Urokinase may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Valdecoxib	Valdecoxib may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Investigational, Withdrawn
Valsartan	Enoxaparin may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Valsartan.	Approved, Investigational
Vitamin E	Vitamin E may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet Approved
Vorapaxar	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Vorapaxar is combined with Enoxaparin.	Approved
Warfarin	Warfarin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Ximelagatran	Enoxaparin may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ximelagatran.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Zaltoprofen	Zaltoprofen may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Zileuton	Zileuton may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Zomepirac	Zomepirac may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Withdrawn

Food Interactions

Avoid danshen, dong quai, evening primrose oil, gingko, policosanol, willow bark

References

Synthesis Reference

Jorgen I. Nielsen, "Process of using light absorption to control enzymatic depolymerization of heparin to produce low molecular weight heparin." U.S. Patent US5106734, issued May, 1981.

US5106734

General References

Not Available

External Links

Resource	Link
Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)	HMDB14551
KEGG Drug	D07510
ChemSpider	751
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1201685
Therapeutic Targets Database	DAP000616
PharmGKB	PA449855
Drug Product Database	763
RxList	http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/lovenox.htm
Drugs.com	http://www.drugs.com/cdi/enoxaparin.html
Wikipedia	Enoxaparin_sodium

ATC Codes

B01AB05

AHFS Codes

20:12.04.16
92:00.00

PDB Entries

Not Available

FDA label

Download (1.44 MB)

MSDS

Not Available

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
0	Completed	Prevention	Deep Venous Thrombosis / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism	1
1	Completed	Not Available	Clexane is Administered to Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Not Available	Enoxaparin Sodium is Administered to Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Other	Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Prevention	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Complications; Cesarean Section / Obesity, Morbid / Postpartum Deep Phlebothrombosis / Pregnancy / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism / Venous Thromboembolism	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Infertilities	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Thrombosis	1
1	Recruiting	Not Available	Venous Thromboembolism	1
1	Recruiting	Treatment	Haemorrhage	1
1	Unknown Status	Treatment	Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Unknown Status	Treatment	Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) / Venous Thromboembolism	1
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Deep Venous Thrombosis	1
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Malignant Neoplasm of Pancreas	1
1, 2	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Antithrombotic	1
1, 2	Recruiting	Treatment	Malignant Lymphomas	1
2	Completed	Not Available	Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteraemia	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Advanced Pancreatic, Colon, Lung, Gastric and Ovarian Cancer	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / Embolism and Thrombosis / Thromboembolism / Thrombosis / Venous Thromboembolism	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Knee Replacement Surgery	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Knee Replacement Surgery / Total Hip Replacement	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Prevention / Thromboembolism	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Thromboembolism	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Thrombosis, Venous	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Total Knee Replacement Surgery	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	6
2	Completed	Treatment	Catheter-Related Infections / Catheter-related Occlusion / Central Venous Catheterization / Childhood Cancers / Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Recurrent Abortion	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Submassive Pulmonary Embolism	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Vulvodynia	1
2	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Cerebral Venous Thrombosis	1
2	Recruiting	Prevention	Deep Venous Thrombosis	1
2	Recruiting	Prevention	Gynecologic Cancers / Venous Thromboembolism	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Thrombosis	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Venous Thormboembolism	1
2	Terminated	Prevention	Portal Vein Thrombosis / Splenic Vein Thrombosis	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Malignant Neoplasm of Pancreas	1
2	Unknown Status	Prevention	Colorectal Cancers / Hepatic Metastases / Irradiation Damage / Radiation Induced Liver Disease	1
2	Unknown Status	Prevention	Embolic Stroke	1
2	Unknown Status	Supportive Care	Cancers / Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism / Thrombosis / Venous Thromboembolism	1
2	Withdrawn	Treatment	Lung Cancer Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)	1
2, 3	Completed	Prevention	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Venous Thromboembolism	1
2, 3	Completed	Prevention	Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)	1
2, 3	Completed	Prevention	Thrombosis, Venous	1
2, 3	Completed	Prevention	Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism / Thrombosis, Venous	1
2, 3	Completed	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	2
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Malignant Neoplasm of Pancreas	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Myocardial Infarction (MI)	1
3	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Lung Cancer Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)	1
3	Completed	Not Available	Cancers	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Acute ST-Segment Elevation / Myocardial Infarction (MI)	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Thromboembolism	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Thromboembolism	2
3	Completed	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism	2
3	Completed	Prevention	High Risk Pregnant Women / Placental Insufficiency / PreEclampsia	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Neoplasms, Abdominal	1
3	Completed	Prevention	PreEclampsia	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Prevention / Venous Thromboembolism	2
3	Completed	Prevention	Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism / Thrombosis, Venous	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	11
3	Completed	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)	1
3	Completed	Supportive Care	Gastrooesophageal Cancer / Malignant Neoplasm of Stomach	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Hip Fractures	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Myocardial Infarction (MI)	3
3	Completed	Treatment	Myocardial Infarction (MI) / Myocardial Ischemia / Unstable Angina (UA)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Myocardial Infarction (MI) / Thromboembolism	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Prevention / Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Primary PCI - STEMI	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Systemic Embolism / Thrombosis	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Thromboprophylaxis in Hospitalized Obese Patients	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Thrombosis, Venous	2
3	Completed	Treatment	Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism	1
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Blood Clots / Traumas	1
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	HCC	1
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Tunnelled Hemodialysis Catheter Infection	1
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism / Venous Thromboembolism / Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)	1
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Intrauterine Growth Retardation	1
3	Recruiting	Prevention	Non-major Orthopaedic Surgery	1
3	Recruiting	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	2
3	Recruiting	Prevention	Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism / Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Suspended	Prevention	Deep Venous Thrombosis / Hemorrhagic Strokes / Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Suspended	Prevention	Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm	1
3	Terminated	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	2
3	Terminated	Treatment	Neoplasms / Venous Thromboembolism	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Non ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) / Unstable Angina (UA)	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC)	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism	1
3	Withdrawn	Treatment	Asymptotic Venous Thrombosis	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Prevention	Thromboprophylaxis / Traumas / Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS)	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Anticoagulants / BMI >30 kg/m2 / Thrombosis, Venous	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Recurrent Miscarriages	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism / Venous Thromboembolic Diseases	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Femur Head Necrosis / Fracture of Neck of Femur / Osteoarthritis, Hip	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Inflammatory Reaction	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) / Factor X	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute Illness	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Adverse Effect of Anticoagulants / Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / Thrombosis, Venous	1
4	Completed	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Bruises	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Haemorrhage / Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation / Strokes / Thrombo-embolism	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Mechanical Valve Replacement / Warfarin Therapy	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Thrombosis, Venous	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Unexplained Infertility	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Osteoarthritis of the Knees	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Recurrent Miscarriages	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Deep Venous Thrombosis / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Impaired Renal Function / Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism / Thromboprophylaxis / Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) / VTE (Venous Thromboembolism)	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolism	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Coronary Artery Disease / Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Infertility Female	1
4	Suspended	Prevention	Brain Injury / Thrombosis, Venous	1
4	Terminated	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Unstable Angina (UA)	1
4	Unknown Status	Prevention	General Surgery / Prevention / Thrombosis	1
4	Unknown Status	Prevention	Hemodialysis Patients	1
4	Unknown Status	Prevention	Intracerebral Hemorrhage	1
4	Unknown Status	Prevention	Thromboembolism	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Abortions spontaneous / Pregnancy	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Coronary Artery Disease	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism / Thrombosis, Venous	1
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Cancer Patients First-ever Acute Ischemic Stroke	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Malignant Lymphomas / Thromboembolism / Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Thrombosis, Venous	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) / Coronary Artery Disease	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis of Lower Limb / Haemorrhage / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	End Stage Renal Failure on Dialysis	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Fetal Demise / Intrauterine Growth Retardation / PreEclampsia / Premature separation of placenta / Thromboembolism	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Venous Thromboembolic Diseases	1
Not Available	Completed	Supportive Care	Bone Metastases / Musculoskeletal Cancer / Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS) / Thromboembolism	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery / Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Venous Thromboembolism	1
Not Available	No Longer Available	Not Available	Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal / Post Polypectomy Bleeding in Anticoagulated Patients	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Not Available	Unsuspected Pulmonary Embolism	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Health Services Research	Neoplasms / Thrombosis, Venous	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / Other Specified Risk Factors in Pregnancy / Perioperative/Postoperative Complications / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism / Thrombophilia Associated With Pregnancy / Thrombosis, Venous	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Deep Venous Thrombosis / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism / Venous Thromboembolism	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Blood Clots / Cancers / Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / Prophylaxis of Pulmonary embolism / Venous Thromboembolism	1
Not Available	Terminated	Treatment	Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS)	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Prevention	Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / General Surgery / Thromboembolic Events / Traumas	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Prevention	Thrombosis	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Prevention	Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Supportive Care	Blood Loss / Osteoarthritis, Hip	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Heart; Complications, Valve, Prosthesis / Pregnancy	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Not Available	Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) / Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction / ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction / Unstable Angina (UA)	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Prevention	Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Cardinal Health
Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
Neuman Distributors Inc.
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Sanofi-Aventis Inc.

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Injection	Subcutaneous	100 mg/mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	120 mg/.8mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	150 mg/mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	30 mg/.3mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	300 mg/3mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	40 mg/.4mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	60 mg/.6mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	80 mg/.8mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	100 mg/mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	120 mg/.8mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	150 mg/mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	30 mg/.3mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	40 mg/.4mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	60 mg/.6mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	80 mg/.8mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	100 mg/mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	120 mg/.8mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	150 mg/mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	30 mg/.3mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	300 mg/3mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	40 mg/.4mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	60 mg/.6mL
Injection	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	80 mg/.8mL
Solution	Subcutaneous	100 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous	30 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous	40 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous	60 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous	80 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous	120 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous	150 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous	90 mg
Solution	Intravenous; Subcutaneous	100 mg

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Lovenox 300 mg/3ml Solution 3ml Vial	281.47USD	vial
Lovenox 150 mg/ml Solution 1ml Syringe	140.94USD	syringe
Lovenox 100 mg/ml Solution 1ml Syringe	93.93USD	syringe
Lovenox 80 mg/0.8ml Solution 0.8ml Syringe	75.14USD	syringe
Lovenox 60 mg/0.6ml Solution 0.6ml Syringe	56.36USD	syringe
Lovenox 40 mg/0.4ml Solution 0.4ml Syringe	37.53USD	syringe
Lovenox Hp (0.8Ml/1Ml Syringe) 150 mg/ml Syringe	34.63USD	syringe
Lovenox 30 mg/0.3ml Solution 0.3ml Syringe	28.15USD	syringe
Lovenox (0.4 - 1 Ml Syringe) 100 mg/ml Syringe	23.09USD	syringe
Lovenox 100 mg/ml	23.09USD	syringe
Lovenox (0.3 Ml Syringe) 30 mg/syr Syringe	6.97USD	syringe

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
CA2045433	No	2002-07-30	2011-06-25	Canada
US5389618	No	1995-02-14	2012-02-14	US

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
water solubility	> 200 mg/mL	Not Available
logP	-13.2	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Not Available

Predicted ADMET features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	-	0.9215
Blood Brain Barrier	-	0.8366
Caco-2 permeable	-	0.6496
P-glycoprotein substrate	Non-substrate	0.698
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.5818
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.9771
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.9454
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.6694
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8196
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Non-substrate	0.5842
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.8157
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.771
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8869
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.7655
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9194
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.9232
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.5957
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.694
Biodegradation	Not ready biodegradable	0.851
Rat acute toxicity	2.3846 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9589
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.7157

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397 )

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key

Taxonomy

Classification

Not classified

Targets

Details

1. Antithrombin-III

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

General Function:: Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Specific Function:: Most important serine protease inhibitor in plasma that regulates the blood coagulation cascade. AT-III inhibits thrombin, matriptase-3/TMPRSS7, as well as factors IXa, Xa and XIa. Its inhibitory activity is greatly enhanced in the presence of heparin.
Gene Name:: SERPINC1
Uniprot ID:: P01008
Molecular Weight:: 52601.935 Da

References

Peng K, Wang C, Pang BS, Yang YH: [Effects of thrombolysis and anticoagulation on the functions of vascular endothelial cells and coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2005 Sep;28(9):596-9. [PubMed:16207425 ]
Lee S, Gibson CM: Enoxaparin in acute coronary syndromes. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2007 May;5(3):387-99. [PubMed:17489664 ]
Bisio A, Vecchietti D, Citterio L, Guerrini M, Raman R, Bertini S, Eisele G, Naggi A, Sasisekharan R, Torri G: Structural features of low-molecular-weight heparins affecting their affinity to antithrombin. Thromb Haemost. 2009 Nov;102(5):865-73. doi: 10.1160/TH09-02-0081. [PubMed:19888521 ]

Details

2. Coagulation factor X

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

General Function:: Serine-type endopeptidase activity
Specific Function:: Factor Xa is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that converts prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of factor Va, calcium and phospholipid during blood clotting.
Gene Name:: F10
Uniprot ID:: P00742
Molecular Weight:: 54731.255 Da

References

Graff J, Picard-Willems B, Harder S: Monitoring effects of direct FXa-inhibitors with a new one-step prothrombinase-induced clotting time (PiCT) assay: comparative in vitro investigation with heparin, enoxaparin, fondaparinux and DX 9065a. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Apr;45(4):237-43. [PubMed:17474542 ]
Berges A, Laporte S, Epinat M, Zufferey P, Alamartine E, Tranchand B, Decousus H, Mismetti P: Anti-factor Xa activity of enoxaparin administered at prophylactic dosage to patients over 75 years old. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Oct;64(4):428-38. Epub 2007 May 17. [PubMed:17509040 ]
Sanchez-Pena P, Hulot JS, Urien S, Ankri A, Collet JP, Choussat R, Lechat P, Montalescot G: Anti-factor Xa kinetics after intravenous enoxaparin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a population model analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;60(4):364-73. [PubMed:16187968 ]
Dalmora SL, Junior LB, Schmidt CA, Vaccari SF, Oliveira PR, Codevilla CF: Validation of the anti-factor Xa assay for the potency assessment of enoxaparin in pharmaceutical formulations. J AOAC Int. 2004 Nov-Dec;87(6):1305-8. [PubMed:15675440 ]
Paige JT, Gouda BP, Gaitor-Stampley V, Scalia PG, Klainer TE, Raum WJ, Martin LF: No correlation between anti-factor Xa levels, low-molecular-weight heparin, and bleeding after gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007 Jul-Aug;3(4):469-75. Epub 2007 Jun 12. [PubMed:17567541 ]

Enzymes

Details

1. Myeloperoxidase

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: Other

General Function:: Peroxidase activity
Specific Function:: Part of the host defense system of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It is responsible for microbicidal activity against a wide range of organisms. In the stimulated PMN, MPO catalyzes the production of hypohalous acids, primarily hypochlorous acid in physiologic situations, and other toxic intermediates that greatly enhance PMN microbicidal activity.
Gene Name:: MPO
Uniprot ID:: P05164
Molecular Weight:: 83867.71 Da

References

Rudolph TK, Rudolph V, Witte A, Klinke A, Szoecs K, Lau D, Heitzer T, Meinertz T, Baldus S: Liberation of vessel adherent myeloperoxidase by enoxaparin improves endothelial function. Int J Cardiol. 2010 Apr 1;140(1):42-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.10.035. Epub 2008 Dec 2. [PubMed:19049846 ]

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on June 11, 2017 15:49

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Targets

References

References

Enzymes

References