DrugBank: Natalizumab (DB00108)

targets (12)

Identification

Name

Natalizumab

Accession Number

DB00108 (BIOD00083, BTD00083)

Type

biotech

Groups

approved

Description

Humanized IgG4k monoclonal antibody produced in murine myeloma cells. Natalizumab contains human framework regions and the complementarity-determining regions of a murine antibody that binds to a4-integrin. Natalizumab was voluntarily withdrawn from U.S. market because of risk of Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). It was returned to market July, 2006.

Protein structure

Display: 3D Structure

Protein chemical formula

Not Available

Protein average weight

Not Available

Sequences

Synonyms

Anti-alpha4 integrin
Anti-VLA4

Salts

Not Available

Brand names

Name	Company
Tysabri	Elan Pharmaceuticals and Biogen Idec

Brand mixtures

Not Available

Categories

Immunomodulatory Agents

CAS number

189261-10-7

Taxonomy

Kingdom

Not Available

Classes

Not Available

Substructures

Not Available

Pharmacology

Indication

For treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Pharmacodynamics

In multiple sclerosis, lesions are believed to occur when activated inflammatory cells, including T-lymphocytes, cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Leukocyte migration across the BBB involves interaction between adhesion molecules on inflammatory cells, and their counter-receptors present on endothelial cells of the vessel wall. The clinical effect of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis may be a secondary result of its blockade of the molecular interaction of a 4b 1-integrin expressed by inflammatory cells with VCAM-1 on vascular endothelial cells, and with CS-1 and/or osteopontin expressed by parenchymal cells in the brain. α4-integrin is required for white blood cells to move into organs, therefore, natalizumab prevents these immune cells from crossing blood vessel walls to reach affected organs thereby decreasing inflamation.

Mechanism of action

Binds to the α4-subunit of α4b 1 and α4b 7 integrins expressed on the surface of all leukocytes except neutrophils, and inhibits the α4-mediated adhesion of leukocytes to their counter-receptor(s).

Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

5.7 ± 1.9 L [Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Patients]
5.2 ± 2.8 L [Crohn’s Disease (CD) Patients]

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Most likely removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system when bound to leukocytes.

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half life

11 ± 4 days

Clearance

16 +/- 5 mL/hour [patients with MS who did not have PML receiving the repeat IV administration of a 300 mg dose]
22 +/- 22 mL/hour [Patients with Crohn’s Disease receiving the repeat IV administration of a 300 mg dose]

Toxicity

Not Available

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Solution	Intravenous

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Tysabri 300 mg/15 ml vial	207.31 USD	ml

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

liquid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point	61 °C (FAB fragment), 71 °C (whole mAb)	Vermeer, A.W.P. & Norde, W., Biophys. J. 78:394-404 (2000)

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General Reference

Ghosh S, Goldin E, Gordon FH, Malchow HA, Rask-Madsen J, Rutgeerts P, Vyhnalek P, Zadorova Z, Palmer T, Donoghue S: Natalizumab for active Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jan 2;348(1):24-32. Pubmed
Patent Information Link

External Links

Resource	Link
PharmGKB	PA164747191
Drug Product Database	2286386
RxList	http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/tysabri.htm
Drugs.com	http://www.drugs.com/cdi/natalizumab.html
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalizumab

ATC Codes

L04AA23

AHFS Codes

92:00.00

PDB Entries

1IGT

FDA label

show (96 KB)

MSDS

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Drug	Interaction
Bleomycin	Immunosuppressants like bleomycin may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Patients receiving natalizumab should not use concurrent immunosuppressants.
BRENTUXIMAB VEDOTIN	Avoid combination due to the increased risk of concurrent infection.
Carboplatin	Immunosuppressants such as natalizumab may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Patients receiving natalizumab should not use concurrent immunosuppressants.
Carmustine	Immunosuppressants such as carmustine may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Patients receiving natalizumab should not use concurrent immunosuppressants.
Chlorambucil	Immunosuppressants such as chlorambucil may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Patients receiving natalizumab should not use concurrent immunosuppressants.
Cisplatin	Immunosuppressants such as cisplatin may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Patients receiving natalizumab should not use concurrent immunosuppressants, and patients receiving chronic corticosteroids prior to natalizumab should be tapered off of steroids prior to starting natalizumab.
Cladribine	Immunosuppressants such as cladribine may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Patients receiving natalizumab should not use concurrent immunosuppressants, and patients receiving chronic corticosteroids prior to natalizumab should be tapered off of steroids prior to starting natalizumab.
Clofarabine	Immunosuppressants such as clofarabine may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Patients receiving natalizumab should not use concurrent immunosuppressants, and patients receiving chronic corticosteroids prior to natalizumab should be tapered off of steroids prior to starting natalizumab.
Tacrolimus	Tacrolimus may increase the toxic/adverse effects of Natalizumab. Concurrent administration should be avoided due to increased risk of infection.
Temozolomide	The immunosuppressant, Temozolomide, may increase the adverse effects of Natalizumab. Increased risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) and other infections. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Temsirolimus	Temsirolimus may increase the toxicity of Natalizumab. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Teniposide	The immunosuppressant, Teniposide, may increase the adverse effects of Natalizumab. Increased risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) and other infections. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Thalidomide	Thalidomide may increase the adverse effects of Natalizumab. Concurrent administration should be avoided due to increased risk of infection.
Thioguanine	The immunosuppressant, Thioguanine, may increase the adverse effects of Natalizumab. Increased risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) and other infections. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Thiotepa	The immunosuppressant, Thiotepa, may increase the adverse effects of Natalizumab. Increased risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) and other infections. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Topotecan	The immunosuppressant, Topotecan, may increase the adverse effects of Natalizumab. Increased risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) and other infections. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Tositumomab	The immunosuppressant, Tositumomab, may increase the adverse effects of Natalizumab. Increased risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) and other infections. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Trastuzumab	Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.
Tretinoin	Oral tretinoin may increase the adverse/toxic effects of Natalizumab. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Valrubicin	Valrubicin may increase Natalizumab toxicity. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Vinblastine	Concomitant Vinblastine and Natalizumab therapy may increase the risk of infection. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Vincristine	Concomitant Vincristine and Natalizumab therapy may increase the risk of infection. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Vinorelbine	Concomitant Vinorelbine and Natalizumab therapy may increase the risk of infection. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.

Food Interactions

Not Available

Targets
1. Integrin alpha-4 Pharmacological action: yes Actions: antibody Integrins alpha-4/beta-1 (VLA-4) and alpha-4/beta-7 are receptors for fibronectin. They recognize one or more domains within the alternatively spliced CS-1 and CS-5 regions of fibronectin. They are also receptors for VCAM1. Integrin alpha- 4/beta-1 recognizes the sequence Q-I-D-S in VCAM1. Integrin alpha- 4/beta-7 is also a receptor for MADCAM1. It recognizes the sequence L-D-T in MADCAM1. On activated endothelial cells integrin VLA-4 triggers homotypic aggregation for most VLA-4-positive leukocyte cell lines. It may also participate in cytolytic T-cell interactions with target cells Organism class: human UniProt ID: P13612 Gene: ITGA4 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Sheremata WA, Minagar A, Alexander JS, Vollmer T: The role of alpha-4 integrin in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis: current knowledge and therapeutic implications. CNS Drugs. 2005;19(11):909-22. Pubmed Niino M, Bodner C, Simard ML, Alatab S, Gano D, Kim HJ, Trigueiro M, Racicot D, Guerette C, Antel JP, Fournier A, Grand’Maison F, Bar-Or A: Natalizumab effects on immune cell responses in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2006 May;59(5):748-54. Pubmed Stuve O, Bennett JL: Pharmacological properties, toxicology and scientific rationale for the use of natalizumab (Tysabri) in inflammatory diseases. CNS Drug Rev. 2007 Spring;13(1):79-95. Pubmed Craddock CF, Nakamoto B, Andrews RG, Priestley GV, Papayannopoulou T: Antibodies to VLA4 integrin mobilize long-term repopulating cells and augment cytokine-induced mobilization in primates and mice. Blood. 1997 Dec 15;90(12):4779-88. Pubmed Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed 2. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B Pharmacological action: unknown Receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Binds complexed or aggregated IgG and also monomeric IgG. Contrary to III-A, is not capable to mediate antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. May serve as a trap for immune complexes in the peripheral circulation which does not activate neutrophils Organism class: human UniProt ID: O75015 Gene: FCGR3B Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 3. Complement C1r subcomponent Pharmacological action: unknown C1r B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1s to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system Organism class: human UniProt ID: P00736 Gene: C1R Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 4. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A Pharmacological action: unknown C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proenzyme complex, and efficient activation of C1 takes place on interaction of the globular heads of C1q with the Fc regions of IgG or IgM antibody present in immune complexes Organism class: human UniProt ID: P02745 Gene: C1QA Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 5. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B Pharmacological action: unknown C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proenzyme complex, and efficient activation of C1 takes place on interaction of the globular heads of C1q with the Fc regions of IgG or IgM antibody present in immune complexes Organism class: human UniProt ID: P02746 Gene: C1QB Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 6. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit C Pharmacological action: unknown C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proenzyme complex, and efficient activation of C1 takes place on interaction of the globular heads of C1q with the Fc regions of IgG or IgM antibody present in immune complexes Organism class: human UniProt ID: P02747 Gene: C1QC Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 7. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A Pharmacological action: unknown Receptor for the Fc region of IgG. Binds complexed or aggregated IgG and also monomeric IgG. Mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and other antibody-dependent responses, such as phagocytosis Organism class: human UniProt ID: P08637 Gene: FCGR3A Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 8. High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I Pharmacological action: unknown Binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. High affinity receptor Organism class: human UniProt ID: P12314 Gene: FCGR1A Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 9. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a Pharmacological action: unknown Binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. By binding to IgG it initiates cellular responses against pathogens and soluble antigens Organism class: human UniProt ID: P12318 Gene: FCGR2A Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 10. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b Pharmacological action: unknown Receptor for the Fc region of complexed or aggregated immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of immune complexes and modulation of antibody production by B- cells. Binding to this receptor results in down-modulation of previous state of cell activation triggered via antigen receptors on B-cells (BCR), T-cells (TCR) or via another Fc receptor. Isoform IIB1 fails to mediate endocytosis or phagocytosis. Isoform IIB2 does not trigger phagocytosis Organism class: human UniProt ID: P31994 Gene: FCGR2B Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 11. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c Pharmacological action: unknown Receptor for the Fc region of complexed immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of immune complexes and modulation of antibody production by B-cells Organism class: human UniProt ID: P31995 Gene: FCGR2C Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed 12. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Pharmacological action: unknown ICAM proteins are ligands for the leukocyte adhesion LFA-1 protein (Integrin alpha-L/beta-2) Organism class: human UniProt ID: P05362 Gene: ICAM1 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

Targets

1. Integrin alpha-4

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antibody

Integrins alpha-4/beta-1 (VLA-4) and alpha-4/beta-7 are receptors for fibronectin. They recognize one or more domains within the alternatively spliced CS-1 and CS-5 regions of fibronectin. They are also receptors for VCAM1. Integrin alpha- 4/beta-1 recognizes the sequence Q-I-D-S in VCAM1. Integrin alpha- 4/beta-7 is also a receptor for MADCAM1. It recognizes the sequence L-D-T in MADCAM1. On activated endothelial cells integrin VLA-4 triggers homotypic aggregation for most VLA-4-positive leukocyte cell lines. It may also participate in cytolytic T-cell interactions with target cells

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P13612 Link_out

Gene: ITGA4 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Sheremata WA, Minagar A, Alexander JS, Vollmer T: The role of alpha-4 integrin in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis: current knowledge and therapeutic implications. CNS Drugs. 2005;19(11):909-22. Pubmed
Niino M, Bodner C, Simard ML, Alatab S, Gano D, Kim HJ, Trigueiro M, Racicot D, Guerette C, Antel JP, Fournier A, Grand’Maison F, Bar-Or A: Natalizumab effects on immune cell responses in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2006 May;59(5):748-54. Pubmed
Stuve O, Bennett JL: Pharmacological properties, toxicology and scientific rationale for the use of natalizumab (Tysabri) in inflammatory diseases. CNS Drug Rev. 2007 Spring;13(1):79-95. Pubmed
Craddock CF, Nakamoto B, Andrews RG, Priestley GV, Papayannopoulou T: Antibodies to VLA4 integrin mobilize long-term repopulating cells and augment cytokine-induced mobilization in primates and mice. Blood. 1997 Dec 15;90(12):4779-88. Pubmed
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

2. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B

Pharmacological action: unknown

Receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Binds complexed or aggregated IgG and also monomeric IgG. Contrary to III-A, is not capable to mediate antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. May serve as a trap for immune complexes in the peripheral circulation which does not activate neutrophils

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O75015 Link_out

Gene: FCGR3B Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

3. Complement C1r subcomponent

Pharmacological action: unknown

C1r B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1s to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P00736 Link_out

Gene: C1R

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

4. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A

Pharmacological action: unknown

C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proenzyme complex, and efficient activation of C1 takes place on interaction of the globular heads of C1q with the Fc regions of IgG or IgM antibody present in immune complexes

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P02745 Link_out

Gene: C1QA Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

5. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B

Pharmacological action: unknown

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P02746 Link_out

Gene: C1QB Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

6. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit C

Pharmacological action: unknown

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P02747 Link_out

Gene: C1QC Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

7. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A

Pharmacological action: unknown

Receptor for the Fc region of IgG. Binds complexed or aggregated IgG and also monomeric IgG. Mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and other antibody-dependent responses, such as phagocytosis

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P08637 Link_out

Gene: FCGR3A Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

8. High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I

Pharmacological action: unknown

Binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. High affinity receptor

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P12314 Link_out

Gene: FCGR1A Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

9. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a

Pharmacological action: unknown

Binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. By binding to IgG it initiates cellular responses against pathogens and soluble antigens

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P12318 Link_out

Gene: FCGR2A Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

10. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b

Pharmacological action: unknown

Receptor for the Fc region of complexed or aggregated immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of immune complexes and modulation of antibody production by B- cells. Binding to this receptor results in down-modulation of previous state of cell activation triggered via antigen receptors on B-cells (BCR), T-cells (TCR) or via another Fc receptor. Isoform IIB1 fails to mediate endocytosis or phagocytosis. Isoform IIB2 does not trigger phagocytosis

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P31994 Link_out

Gene: FCGR2B Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

11. Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c

Pharmacological action: unknown

Receptor for the Fc region of complexed immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of immune complexes and modulation of antibody production by B-cells

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P31995 Link_out

Gene: FCGR2C Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

12. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1

Pharmacological action: unknown

ICAM proteins are ligands for the leukocyte adhesion LFA-1 protein (Integrin alpha-L/beta-2)

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P05362 Link_out

Gene: ICAM1 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

Comments

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on September 29, 2010 14:34