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targets (1) enzymes (4)
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Identification
Name Nitric Oxide
Accession Number DB00435 (APRD01142)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Nitric oxide or Nitrogen monoxide is a chemical compound with chemical formula NO. This gas is an important signaling molecule in the body of mammals including humans and is an extremely important intermediate in the chemical industry. It is also a toxic air pollutant produced by automobile engines and power plants.

Nitric oxide (NO) should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N2O), a general anaesthetic, or with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) which is another poisonous air pollutant.

The nitric oxide molecule is a free radical, which is relevant to understanding its high reactivity. It reacts with the ozone in air to form nitrogen dioxide, signalled by the appearance of the reddish-brown color.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms Not Available
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
INOmax
Mononitrogen monoxide
Nitric oxide 10% by volume or more
Nitric oxide trimer
Nitrogen monooxide
Nitrosyl radical
NMO
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Free Radical Scavengers
  • Bronchodilator Agents
  • Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors
CAS number 10102-43-9
Weight Average: 30.0061
Monoisotopic: 29.997988627
Chemical Formula NO
InChI Key InChIKey=MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/NO/c1-2
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
nitroso
SMILES
[N]=O
Plain Text
Mass Spec show (6.86 KB)
Taxonomy
Kingdom Inorganic
Classes
  • Inorganic Ions and Gases
Substructures
  • Oxoazaniums
  • Inorganic Ions and Gases
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of term and near-term (>34 weeks) neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure
Pharmacodynamics Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) occurs as a primary developmental defect or as a condition secondary to other diseases such as meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), pneumonia, sepsis, hyaline membrane disease, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and pulmonary hypoplasia. In these states, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is high, which results in hypoxemia secondary to right-to-left shunting of blood through the patent ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale. In neonates with PPHN, Nitric oxide improves oxygenation (as indicated by significant increases in PaO2). Nitric oxide appears to increase the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) by dilating pulmonary vessels in better entilated areas of the lung, redistributing pulmonary blood flow away from lung regions with low ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratios toward regions with normal ratios.
Mechanism of action Nitric oxide is a compound produced by many cells of the body. It relaxes vascular smooth muscle by binding to the heme moiety of cytosolic guanylate cyclase, activating guanylate cyclase and increasing intracellular levels of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate, which then leads to vasodilation. When inhaled, nitric oxide produces pulmonary vasodilation.
Absorption Nitric oxide is absorbed systemically after inhalation.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism via pulmonary capillary bed
Route of elimination Nitrate has been identified as the predominant nitric oxide metabolite excreted in the urine, accounting for >70% of the nitric oxide dose inhaled.
Half life 2–6 seconds
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Ino therapeutics inc
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Gas Respiratory (inhalation)
Prices Not Available
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires (estimated)
United States 5485827 1993-01-23 2013-01-23
Canada 2186892 2007-11-27 2015-04-03
Properties
State liquid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point -163.6 °C PhysProp
boiling point -151.7 °C PhysProp
water solubility 9.49E+004 mg/L Not Available
logP 0 Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
logP -0.35 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) -2.9 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 2 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 0 ChemAxon
polar surface area 34.14 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 0 ChemAxon
refractivity 2.89 ChemAxon
polarizability 1.69 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Pacher P, Beckman JS, Liaudet L: Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2007 Jan;87(1):315-424. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D00074 Link_out
KEGG Compound C00533 Link_out
PubChem Compound 145068 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46506897 Link_out
ChemSpider 127983 Link_out
ChEBI 16480 Link_out
ChEMBL 16480 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP001056 Link_out
PharmGKB PA450635 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/inomax.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/mtm/nitric-oxide-inhalation-gas.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_Oxide Link_out
ATC Codes
  • R07AX01
AHFS Codes
  • 24:12.08
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS show (52.8 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Searched, but no interactions found.
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inducer

Has guanylyl cyclase on binding to the beta-1 subunit. The alternatively spliced isoform alpha-2-I acts as a negative regulator of guanylyl cyclase activity as it forms non-functional heterodimers with the beta subunits

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P33402 Link_out
Gene: GUCY1A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Moncada S, Palmer RM, Higgs EA: Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev. 1991 Jun;43(2):109-42. Pubmed
  2. Mancuso C, Navarra P, Preziosi P: Roles of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. J Neurochem. 2010 May 1;113(3):563-75. Epub 2010 Jan 20. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

Actions: inhibitor
UniProt ID: P05091 Link_out
Gene: ALDH2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Moon KH, Kim BJ, Song BJ: Inhibition of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase by nitric oxide-mediated S-nitrosylation. FEBS Lett. 2005 Nov 7;579(27):6115-20. Epub 2005 Oct 11. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen

UniProt ID: P05177 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Nakano R, Sato H, Watanabe A, Ito O, Shimizu T: Conserved Glu318 at the cytochrome P450 1A2 distal site is crucial in the nitric oxide complex stability. J Biol Chem. 1996 Apr 12;271(15):8570-4. Pubmed
  2. Mulero-Navarro S, Santiago-Josefat B, Pozo-Guisado E, Merino JM, Fernandez-Salguero PM: Down-regulation of CYP1A2 induction during the maturation of mouse cerebellar granule cells in culture: role of nitric oxide accumulation. Eur J Neurosci. 2003 Oct;18(8):2265-72. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 2B6

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20813 Link_out
Gene: CYP2B6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Aitken AE, Lee CM, Morgan ET: Roles of nitric oxide in inflammatory downregulation of human cytochromes P450. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Mar 15;44(6):1161-8. Epub 2007 Dec 23. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Watabe M, Isogai Y, Numazawa S, Yoshida T: Role of c-Myc in nitric oxide-mediated suppression of cytochrome P450 3A4. Life Sci. 2003 Nov 21;74(1):99-108. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19