Nedocromil

Identification

Summary

Nedocromil is a pyrano quinoline used to treat allergic conjunctivitis.

Brand Names
Alocril
Generic Name
Nedocromil
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00716
Background

A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with asthma, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, and platelets.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 371.3408
Monoisotopic: 371.100501903
Chemical Formula
C19H17NO7
Synonyms
  • 9-Ethyl-6,9-dihydro-4,6-dioxo-10-propyl-4H-pyrano(3,2-g)chinolin-2,8-dicarbonsäure
  • 9-ethyl-6,9-dihydro-4,6-dioxo-10-propyl-4H-pyrano(3,2-g)quinoline-2,8-dicarboxylic acid
  • Nedocromil
  • Nédocromil
  • Nedocromilo
  • Nedocromilum
External IDs
  • FPL 59002

Pharmacology

Indication

For the treatment of mild to moderate asthma

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofAllergic rhinitis (ar)••• •••••••••••••
Adjunct therapy in treatment ofAsthma••• •••••••••••••
Treatment ofItching of the eye••••••••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Nedocromil is a anti-inflammatory agent and can be administered directly to the bronchial mucosa. It has significant inhibitory effect on allergen-induced early and late asthmatic reactions and on bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Mechanism of action

Nedocromil has been shown to inhibit the in vitro activation of, and mediator release from, a variety of inflammatory cell types associated with asthma, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, and platelets. Nedocromil inhibits activation and release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, prostaglandin D2 and leukotrienes c4 from different types of cells in the lumen and mucosa of the bronchial tree. These mediators are derived from arachidonic acid metabolism through the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways. The mechanism of action of nedocromil may be due partly to inhibition of axon reflexes and release of sensory neuropeptides, such as substance P, neurokinin A, and calcitonin-geneñrelated peptides. The result is inhibition of bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction. Nedocromil does not posess any bronchodilator, antihistamine, or corticosteroid activity.

TargetActionsOrganism
ACysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1
antagonist
Humans
ACysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2
antagonist
Humans
UfMet-Leu-Phe receptor
antagonist
Humans
UProstaglandin D2 receptor
unknown
Humans
UHeat shock protein HSP 90-alphaNot AvailableHumans
Absorption

Low

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

approximately 89% protein bound in human plasma over a concentration range of 0.5 to 50 µg/mL

Metabolism

Nedocromil is not metabolized after IV administration and is excreted unchanged.

Route of elimination

It is not metabolized and is eliminated primarily unchanged in urine (70%) and feces (30%).

Half-life

~3.3 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Side effects include headache, nasal congestion, ocular burning, irritation and stinging, unpleasant taste, cough, difficulty breathing, noisy breathing, shortness of breath, tightness in chest, wheezing, conjunctivitis, blurred vision, change in color vision, difficulty seeing at night, increased sensitivity of eyes to sunlight.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirNedocromil may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
AceclofenacAceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Nedocromil which could result in a higher serum level.
AcemetacinAcemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Nedocromil which could result in a higher serum level.
AcetaminophenAcetaminophen may decrease the excretion rate of Nedocromil which could result in a higher serum level.
AcetazolamideAcetazolamide may increase the excretion rate of Nedocromil which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Nedocromil sodiumET8IF4KS1T69049-74-7JQEKDNLKIVGXAU-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AlocrilLiquid2 %OphthalmicAllergan2000-02-292019-04-01Canada flag
AlocrilSolution / drops20 mg/1mLOphthalmicAllergan, Inc.2000-02-03Not applicableUS flag
MirezeLiquid2 %OphthalmicAllergan1997-08-062000-03-14Canada flag
TiladeAerosol, metered2 mg/1Respiratory (inhalation)Pfizer Laboratories Div Pfizer Inc.1992-12-302008-11-05US flag
TiladeAerosol, metered2 mg / doseOralAventis Pharma Ltd.1998-12-062006-07-28Canada flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Nedocromil SodiumSolution / drops20 mg/1mLOphthalmicAkorn2012-09-10Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
R03BC03 — NedocromilR01AC07 — NedocromilS01GX04 — Nedocromil
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as chromenopyridines. These are aromatic heterocyclic compounds structurally characterized by a pyridine ring fused to a chromene moiety.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Benzopyrans
Sub Class
1-benzopyrans
Direct Parent
Chromenopyridines
Alternative Parents
Quinoline carboxylic acids / Chromones / Hydroquinolones / Hydroquinolines / Pyridinecarboxylic acids / Pyranones and derivatives / Benzenoids / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives / Vinylogous amides / Heteroaromatic compounds
show 8 more
Substituents
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Chromenopyridine / Chromone / Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives / Dihydroquinoline / Dihydroquinolone
show 17 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
organic heterotricyclic compound, dicarboxylic acid (CHEBI:7492)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
0B535E0BN0
CAS number
69049-73-6
InChI Key
RQTOOFIXOKYGAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C19H17NO7/c1-3-5-9-16-10(13(21)7-12(18(23)24)20(16)4-2)6-11-14(22)8-15(19(25)26)27-17(9)11/h6-8H,3-5H2,1-2H3,(H,23,24)(H,25,26)
IUPAC Name
9-ethyl-4,6-dioxo-10-propyl-4H,6H,9H-chromeno[7,6-b]pyridine-2,8-dicarboxylic acid
SMILES
CCCC1=C2N(CC)C(=CC(=O)C2=CC2=C1OC(=CC2=O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Andrew R. Clark, "Nedocromil sodium compositions and methods for their preparation." U.S. Patent US4935244, issued July, 1988.

US4935244
General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014854
KEGG Drug
D05129
KEGG Compound
C07255
PubChem Compound
50294
PubChem Substance
46507587
ChemSpider
45608
BindingDB
50239990
RxNav
31563
ChEBI
7492
ChEMBL
CHEMBL746
ZINC
ZINC000003782807
PharmGKB
PA450601
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
PDRhealth
PDRhealth Drug Page
Wikipedia
Nedocromil
FDA label
Download (362 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
3CompletedTreatmentAsthma / Lung Disorder1
1CompletedTreatmentAsthma1
Not AvailableCompletedTreatmentAsthma / Lung Disorder1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • King pharmaceuticals inc
  • Allergan inc
  • Sanofi aventis us llc
Packagers
  • Allergan Inc.
  • Fisons PLC
  • King Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Rhone Poulenc Rorer Respiratory
  • Sanofi-Aventis Inc.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
LiquidOphthalmic2 %
Solution / dropsOphthalmic20 mg/1mL
SprayNasal1 %
AerosolRespiratory (inhalation)2 MG
Aerosol, meteredOral2 mg / dose
Aerosol, meteredRespiratory (inhalation)2 mg/1
Aerosol, meteredRespiratory (inhalation)2 MG
Aerosol; suspensionRespiratory (inhalation)2 MG
SprayNasal10 MG/2ML
Aerosol, meteredRespiratory (inhalation)
Aerosol, meteredRespiratory (inhalation)2 mg / act
SprayNasal10 MG/ML
Solution / dropsOphthalmic
Solution / dropsOphthalmic2 %
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Alocril 2% Solution 5ml Bottle100.57USD bottle
Alocril 2% eye drops19.34USD ml
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
USRE38628No2004-10-192012-08-22US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)299 dec °CPhysProp
water solubility145 mg/LNot Available
logP2.22SANGSTER (1994)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0459 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.18ALOGPS
logP2.5Chemaxon
logS-3.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.2Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.2Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count8Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area121.21 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count5Chemaxon
Refractivity98.09 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability37.15 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.917
Blood Brain Barrier-0.7048
Caco-2 permeable-0.5125
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.5954
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.8426
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.5435
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8157
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8194
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8091
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.5338
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.7062
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8555
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9076
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.6715
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8646
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.8278
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.6198
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9488
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9798
Rat acute toxicity2.6400 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9113
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8385
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0fi3-1079000000-d564312728bd150fe31c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0fk9-0009000000-6bcfb42daed31d8de264
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0fi0-0029000000-2e11ac9debecb4a39a82
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0093000000-466b5fdb29b8ab51c4e8
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00ai-0093000000-db1ded6664220a645cfc
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000t-0093000000-de07b7601a3a68157a46
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001j-0093000000-2c89faa2c6ebd43bf06a
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-197.7100097
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-181.32335
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+199.9889097
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+183.68135
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+199.0360097
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+191.38339
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Leukotriene receptor activity
Specific Function
Receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes mediating bronchoconstriction of individuals with and without asthma. Stimulation by LTD4 results in the contraction and proliferation of smooth muscle, edema, e...
Gene Name
CYSLTR1
Uniprot ID
Q9Y271
Uniprot Name
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1
Molecular Weight
38540.55 Da
References
  1. Monteseirin J, Chacon P, Vega A, Sanchez-Monteseirin H, Asturias JA, Martinez A, Guardia P, Perez-Cano R, Conde J: L-selectin expression on neutrophils from allergic patients. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005 Sep;35(9):1204-13. [Article]
  2. Yazid S, Leoni G, Getting SJ, Cooper D, Solito E, Perretti M, Flower RJ: Antiallergic cromones inhibit neutrophil recruitment onto vascular endothelium via annexin-A1 mobilization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Sep;30(9):1718-24. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.209536. Epub 2010 Jun 17. [Article]
  3. Radeau T, Godard P, Chavis C, Michel FB, Descomps B, Damon M: Effect of nedocromil sodium on sulfidopeptide leukotrienes-stimulated human alveolar macrophages in asthma. Pulm Pharmacol. 1993 Mar;6(1):27-31. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Leukotriene receptor activity
Specific Function
Receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes. The response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Stimulation by BAY u9773, a partial agonist, ind...
Gene Name
CYSLTR2
Uniprot ID
Q9NS75
Uniprot Name
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2
Molecular Weight
39634.815 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Monteseirin J, Chacon P, Vega A, Sanchez-Monteseirin H, Asturias JA, Martinez A, Guardia P, Perez-Cano R, Conde J: L-selectin expression on neutrophils from allergic patients. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005 Sep;35(9):1204-13. [Article]
  4. Yazid S, Leoni G, Getting SJ, Cooper D, Solito E, Perretti M, Flower RJ: Antiallergic cromones inhibit neutrophil recruitment onto vascular endothelium via annexin-A1 mobilization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Sep;30(9):1718-24. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.209536. Epub 2010 Jun 17. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Receptor activity
Specific Function
High affinity receptor for N-formyl-methionyl peptides (fMLP), which are powerful neutrophil chemotactic factors (PubMed:2161213, PubMed:2176894, PubMed:10514456, PubMed:15153520). Binding of fMLP ...
Gene Name
FPR1
Uniprot ID
P21462
Uniprot Name
fMet-Leu-Phe receptor
Molecular Weight
38445.115 Da
References
  1. Peroni DG, Melotti P, Piacentini GL, Bonizzato C, Boner AL: Effects of nedocromil sodium on the binding of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in human neutrophils. Agents Actions. 1992 Jul;36(3-4):212-4. [Article]
  2. Carolan EJ, Casale TB: Effects of nedocromil sodium and WEB 2086 on chemoattractant-stimulated neutrophil migration through cellular and noncellular barriers. Ann Allergy. 1992 Oct;69(4):323-8. [Article]
  3. Warringa RA, Mengelers HJ, Maikoe T, Bruijnzeel PL, Koenderman L: Inhibition of cytokine-primed eosinophil chemotaxis by nedocromil sodium. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993 Mar;91(3):802-9. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Unknown
General Function
Prostaglandin j receptor activity
Specific Function
Receptor for prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). The activity of this receptor is mainly mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase, resulting in an elevation of intracellular cAMP. A mobiliza...
Gene Name
PTGDR
Uniprot ID
Q13258
Uniprot Name
Prostaglandin D2 receptor
Molecular Weight
40270.11 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Lane SJ, Lee TH: Mast cell effector mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996 Nov;98(5 Pt 2):S67-71; discussion S71-2. [Article]
  4. Ahluwalia P, Anderson DF, Wilson SJ, McGill JI, Church MK: Nedocromil sodium and levocabastine reduce the symptoms of conjunctival allergen challenge by different mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Sep;108(3):449-54. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Tpr domain binding
Specific Function
Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Under...
Gene Name
HSP90AA1
Uniprot ID
P07900
Uniprot Name
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha
Molecular Weight
84659.015 Da
References
  1. Okada M, Itoh H, Hatakeyama T, Tokumitsu H, Kobayashi R: Hsp90 is a direct target of the anti-allergic drugs disodium cromoglycate and amlexanox. Biochem J. 2003 Sep 1;374(Pt 2):433-41. [Article]
  2. Nishikawa M, Takemoto S, Takakura Y: Heat shock protein derivatives for delivery of antigens to antigen presenting cells. Int J Pharm. 2008 Apr 16;354(1-2):23-7. Epub 2007 Sep 29. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 19, 2024 11:06