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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:06:07
Primary Accession Number DB01120
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00460
Name Gliclazide
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. 1-(3-Azabicyclo(3.3.0)oct-3-yl)-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)urea
  2. 1-(Hexahydrocyclopenta(c)pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)urea
  3. Gliclazida [INN-Spanish]
  4. Gliclazidum [INN-Latin]
  5. N-(4-Methylbenzenesulfonyl)-N'-(3-azabicyclo(3.3.0)oct-3-yl)urea
Brand Names
  1. Diamicron
  2. Glimicron
  3. Nordialex
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name 1-(3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyrrol-2-yl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylurea
Chemical Formula C15H21N3O3S
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 21187-98-4
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C15H21N3O3S/c1-11-5-7-14(8-6-11)22(20,21)17-15(19)16-18-9-12-3-2-4-13(12)10-18/h5-8,12-13H,2-4,9-10H2,1H3,(H2,16,17,19)/f/h16-17H
InChI Key BOVGTQGAOIONJV-XQMQJMAZCQ
KEGG Drug D01599 Link Image
KEGG Compound Not Available
PubChem Compound 3475 Link Image
PubChem Substance 585123 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA10892 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02248453 Link Image
RxList Link Not Available
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliclazide Link Image
FDA Label Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 323.4110
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 323.1304
State Solid
Melting Point 181 oC
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 1.90e-01 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 2.6 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 1.52 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -3.23 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN1C[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H]2C1
Canonical SMILES CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN1CC2CCCC2C1
Drug Category
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Sulfonylureas
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 68:20.20
Indication For the treatment of Diabetes mellitus
Pharmacology Gliclazide is a second generation sulphonylurea which acts as a hypoglycemic agent. It stimulates beta cells of the islet of Langerhans in the pancreas to release insulin. It also enhances peripheral insulin sensitivity. Overall it potentiates insulin release and improves insulin dynamics.
Mechanism of Action Gliclazide binds to the beta cell sulfonyl urea receptor (SUR1). This binding subsequently blocks the ATP sensitive potassium channels. The binding results in closure of the channels and leads to a resulting decrease in potassium efflux leads to depolarization of the beta cells. This opens voltage-dependent calcium channels in the beta cell resulting in calmodulin activation, which in turn leads to exocytosis of insulin containing secretorty granules.
Absorption Rapidly and well absorbed but may have wide inter- and intra-individual variability.
Toxicity LD50=3000 mg/kg (orally in mice)
Protein Binding Not Available
Biotransformation Hepatic
Half Life 11 hours (Campbell DB et al.,Diabetes Res Clin Pract.;14:S21-36)
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Tablet Oral
Tablet, extended release Oral
Patient Information Not Available
Contraindications Not Available
Interactions Not Available
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acebutolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Aspirin The salicylate increases the effect of sulfonylurea
Atenolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Betaxolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Bevantolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Bismuth Subsalicylate The salicylate increases the effect of sulfonylurea
Bisoprolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Carteolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Carvedilol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Chloramphenicol The agent increases the effect of sulfonylurea
Clofibrate The agent increases the effect of sulfonylurea
Dicumarol The agent increases the effect of sulfonylurea
Esmolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Glucosamine Possible hyperglycemia
Isocarboxazid The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent
Labetalol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Metoprolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Nadolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Oxprenolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Penbutolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Phenelzine The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent
Phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent
Pindolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Practolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Propranolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Repaglinide Similar mode of action - questionable association
Rifampin Rifampin decreases the effect of sulfonylurea
Salicylate-magnesium The salicylate increases the effect of sulfonylurea
Salicylate-sodium The salicylate increases the effect of sulfonylurea
Salsalate The salicylate increases the effect of sulfonylurea
Sotalol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Timolol The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Tranylcypromine The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent
Trisalicylate-choline The salicylate increases the effect of sulfonylurea
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Take without regard to meals.
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Drugs.com Link Image
  2. Wikipedia Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Targets
  1. Vascular endothelial growth factor A
  2. ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8
  3. Serum albumin
  4. ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 183
Target 1 Name Vascular endothelial growth factor A
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. VEGF-A
  2. VPF
  3. Vascular endothelial growth factor A precursor
  4. Vascular permeability factor
Target 1 Gene Name VEGF
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Vascular endothelial growth factor A precursor 
MNFLLSWVHWSLALLLYLHHAKWSQAAPMAEGGGQNHHEVVKFMDVYQRSYCHPIETLVD
IFQEYPDEIEYIFKPSCVPLMRCGGCCNDEGLECVPTEESNITMQIMRIKPHQGQHIGEM
SFLQHNKCECRPKKDRARQEKKSVRGKGKGQKRKRKKSRYKSWSVYVGARCCLMPWSLPG
PHPCGPCSERRKHLFVQDPQTCKCSCKNTDSRCKARQLELNERTCRCDKPRR
Target 1 Number of Residues 235
Target 1 Molecular Weight 27043
Target 1 Theoretical pI 9.08
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor binding
growth factor activity
Process
Not Available
Component
cell
membrane
Target 1 General Function Involved in growth factor activity
Target 1 Specific Function Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis, and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the VEGFR1/Flt-1 and VEGFR2/Kdr receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • 1-26
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 181971 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P15692 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name VEGFA_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID 1TZI Link Image
Target 1 PDB File Show
Target 1 3D Structure
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Secreted protein. VEGF121 is acidic and freely secreted. VEGF165 is more basic, has heparin-binding
Target 1 Gene Sequence >699 bp 
ATGAACTTTCTGCTGTCTTGGGTGCATTGGAGCCTTGCCTTGCTGCTCTACCTCCACCAT
GCCAAGTGGTCCCAGGCTGCACCCATGGCAGAAGGAGGAGGGCAGAATCATCACGAAGTG
GTGAAGTTCATGGATGTCTATCAGCGCAGCTACTGCCATCCAATCGAGACCCTGGTGGAC
ATCTTCCAGGAGTACCCTGATGAGATCGAGTACATCTTCAAGCCATCCTGTGTGCCCCTG
ATGCGATGCGGGGGCTGCTGCAATGACGAGGGCCTGGAGTGTGTGCCCACTGAGGAGTCC
AACATCACCATGCAGATTATGCGGATCAAACCTCACCAAGGCCAGCACATAGGAGAGATG
AGCTTCCTACAGCACAACAAATGTGAATGCAGACCAAAGAAAGATAGAGCAAGACAAGAA
AAAAAATCAGTTCGAGGAAAGGGAAAGGGGCAAAAACGAAAGCGCAAGAAATCCCGGTAT
AAGTCCTGGAGCGTGTACGTTGGTGCCCGCTGCTGTCTAATGCCCTGGAGCCTCCCTGGC
CCCCATCCCTGTGGGCCTTGCTCAGAGCGGAGAAAGCATTTGTTTGTACAAGATCCGCAG
ACGTGTAAATGTTCCTGCAAAAACACAGACTCGCGTTGCAAGGCGAGGCAGCTTGAGTTA
AACGAACGTACTTGCAGATGTGACAAGCCGAGGCGGTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID VEGF Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID VEGF Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:12680 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 6
Target 1 Locus 6p12
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Jingjing L, Xue Y, Agarwal N, Roque RS: Human Muller cells express VEGF183, a novel spliced variant of vascular endothelial growth factor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Mar;40(3):752-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Whittle C, Gillespie K, Harrison R, Mathieson PW, Harper SJ: Heterogeneous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoform mRNA and receptor mRNA expression in human glomeruli, and the identification of VEGF148 mRNA, a novel truncated splice variant. Clin Sci (Lond). 1999 Sep;97(3):303-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Murphy JF, Fitzgerald DJ: Vascular endothelial growth factor induces cyclooxygenase-dependent proliferation of endothelial cells via the VEGF-2 receptor. FASEB J. 2001 Jul;15(9):1667-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Weindel K, Marme D, Weich HA: AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma cells in culture express vascular endothelial growth factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Mar 31;183(3):1167-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Tischer E, Mitchell R, Hartman T, Silva M, Gospodarowicz D, Fiddes JC, Abraham JA: The human gene for vascular endothelial growth factor. Multiple protein forms are encoded through alternative exon splicing. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jun 25;266(18):11947-54. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Houck KA, Ferrara N, Winer J, Cachianes G, Li B, Leung DW: The vascular endothelial growth factor family: identification of a fourth molecular species and characterization of alternative splicing of RNA. Mol Endocrinol. 1991 Dec;5(12):1806-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Leung DW, Cachianes G, Kuang WJ, Goeddel DV, Ferrara N: Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted angiogenic mitogen. Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1306-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Keck PJ, Hauser SD, Krivi G, Sanzo K, Warren T, Feder J, Connolly DT: Vascular permeability factor, an endothelial cell mitogen related to PDGF. Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1309-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Connolly DT, Olander JV, Heuvelman D, Nelson R, Monsell R, Siegel N, Haymore BL, Leimgruber R, Feder J: Human vascular permeability factor. Isolation from U937 cells. J Biol Chem. 1989 Nov 25;264(33):20017-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 7678805 Fiebich BL, Jager B, Schollmann C, Weindel K, Wilting J, Kochs G, Marme D, Hug H, Weich HA: Synthesis and assembly of functionally active human vascular endothelial growth factor homodimers in insect cells. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Jan 15;211(1-2):19-26.
  12. 9054410 Poltorak Z, Cohen T, Sivan R, Kandelis Y, Spira G, Vlodavsky I, Keshet E, Neufeld G: VEGF145, a secreted vascular endothelial growth factor isoform that binds to extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem. 1997 Mar 14;272(11):7151-8.
  13. 9207067 Muller YA, Li B, Christinger HW, Wells JA, Cunningham BC, de Vos AM: Vascular endothelial growth factor: crystal structure and functional mapping of the kinase domain receptor binding site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 8;94(14):7192-7.
  14. 9336848 Fairbrother WJ, Champe MA, Christinger HW, Keyt BA, Starovasnik MA: 1H, 13C, and 15N backbone assignment and secondary structure of the receptor-binding domain of vascular endothelial growth factor. Protein Sci. 1997 Oct;6(10):2250-60.
  15. 9351807 Muller YA, Christinger HW, Keyt BA, de Vos AM: The crystal structure of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) refined to 1.93 A resolution: multiple copy flexibility and receptor binding. Structure. 1997 Oct 15;5(10):1325-38.
  16. 9450968 Claffey KP, Shih SC, Mullen A, Dziennis S, Cusick JL, Abrams KR, Lee SW, Detmar M: Identification of a human VPF/VEGF 3' untranslated region mediating hypoxia-induced mRNA stability. Mol Biol Cell. 1998 Feb;9(2):469-81.
  17. 9634701 Fairbrother WJ, Champe MA, Christinger HW, Keyt BA, Starovasnik MA: Solution structure of the heparin-binding domain of vascular endothelial growth factor. Structure. 1998 May 15;6(5):637-48.
  18. 9878851 Lei J, Jiang A, Pei D: Identification and characterization of a new splicing variant of vascular endothelial growth factor: VEGF183. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Dec 22;1443(3):400-6.
  19. 9922142 Wiesmann C, Christinger HW, Cochran AG, Cunningham BC, Fairbrother WJ, Keenan CJ, Meng G, de Vos AM: Crystal structure of the complex between VEGF and a receptor-blocking peptide. Biochemistry. 1998 Dec 22;37(51):17765-72.
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Mamputu JC, Renier G: Advanced glycation end products increase, through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor expression in retinal endothelial cells. Inhibitory effect of gliclazide. J Diabetes Complications. 2002 Jul-Aug;16(4):284-93. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Mamputu JC, Renier G: Signalling pathways involved in retinal endothelial cell proliferation induced by advanced glycation end products: inhibitory effect of gliclazide. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2004 Mar;6(2):95-103. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Li L, Renier G: Activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) oxidase by advanced glycation end products links oxidative stress to altered retinal vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Metabolism. 2006 Nov;55(11):1516-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Kimura T, Takagi H, Suzuma K, Kita M, Watanabe D, Yoshimura N: Comparisons between the beneficial effects of different sulphonylurea treatments on ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Aug 1;43(3):454-61. Epub 2007 May 3. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 230
Target 2 Name ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. Sulfonylurea receptor 1
Target 2 Gene Name ABCC8
Target 2 Protein Sequence >ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 8 
PLAFCGSENHSAAYRVDQGVLNNGCFVDALNVVPHVFLLFITFPILFIGWGSQSSKVHIH
HSTWLHFPGHNLRWILTFMLLFVLVCEIAEGILSDGVTESHHLHLYMPAGMAFMAAVTSV
VYYHNIETSNFPKLLIALLVYWTLAFITKTIKFVKFLDHAIAFSQLRFCLTGLLVILYGM
LLLVEVNVIRVRRYIFFKTPREVKPPEDLQDLGVRFLQPFVNLLSKGTYWWMNAFIKTAH
KKPIDLRAIGKLPIAMRALTNYQRLCEAFDAQVRKDIQGTQGARAIWQALSHAFGRRLVL
SSTFRILADLLGFAGPLCIFGIVDHLGKENDVFQPKTQFLGVYFVSSQEFLANAYVLAVL
LFLALLLQRTFLQASYYVAIETGINLRGAIQTKIYNKIMHLSTSNLSMGEMTAGQICNLV
AIDTNQLMWFFFLCPNLWAMPVQIIVGVILLYYILGVSALIGAAVIILLAPVQYFVATKL
SQAQRSTLEYSNERLKQTNEMLRGIKLLKLYAWENIFRTRVETTRRKEMTSLRAFAIYTS
ISIFMNTAIPIAAVLITFVGHVSFFKEADFSPSVAFASLSLFHILVTPLFLLSSVVRSTV
KALVSVQKLSEFLSSAEIREEQCAPHEPTPQGPASKYQAVPLRVVNRKRPAREDCRGLTG
PLQSLVPSADGDADNCCVQIMGGYFTWTPDGIPTLSNITIRIPRGQLTMIVGQVGCGKSS
LLLAALGEMQKVSGAVFWSSLPDSEIGEDPSPERETATDLDIRKRGPVAYASQKPWLLNA
TVEENIIFESPFNKQRYKMVIEACSLQPDIDILPHGDQTQIGERGINLSGGQRQRISVAR
ALYQHANVVFLDDPFSALDIHLSDHLMQAGILELLRDDKRTVVLVTHKLQYLPHADWIIA
MKDGTIQREGTLKDFQRSECQLFEHWKTLMNRQDQELEKETVTERKATEPPQGLSRAMSS
RDGLLQDEEEEEEEAAESEEDDNLSSMLHQRAEIPWRACAKYLSSAGILLLSLLVFSQLL
KHMVLVAIDYWLAKWTDSALTLTPAARNCSLSQECTLDQTVYAMVFTVLCSLGIVLCLVT
SVTVEWTGLKVAKRLHRSLLNRIILAPMRFFETTPLGSILNRFSSDCNTIDQHIPSTLEC
LSRSTLLCVSALAVISYVTPVFLVALLPLAIVCYFIQKYFRVASRDLQQLDDTTQLPLLS
HFAETVEGLTTIRAFRYEARFQQKLLEYTDSNNIASLFLTAANRWLEVRMEYIGACVVLI
AAVTSISNSLHRELSAGLVGLGLTYALMVSNYLNWMVRNLADMELQLGAVKRIHGLLKTE
AESYEGLLAPSLIPKNWPDQGKIQIQNLSVRYDSSLKPVLKHVNALISPGQKIGICGRTG
SGKSSFSLAFFRMVDTFEGHIIIDGIDIAKLPLHTLRSRLSIILQDPVLFSGTIRFNLDP
ERKCSDSTLWEALEIAQLKLVVKALPGGLDAIITEGGENFSQGQRQLFCLARAFVRKTSI
FIMDEATASIDMATENILQKVVMTAFADRTVVTIAHRVHTILSADLVIVLKRGAILEFDK
PEKLLSRKDSVFASFVRADK
Target 2 Number of Residues 1606
Target 2 Molecular Weight 176893
Target 2 Theoretical pI 7.86
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
sulfonylurea receptor activity
ATPase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, catalyzing transmembrane movement of substances
ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances
purine nucleotide binding
adenyl nucleotide binding
ATP binding
catalytic activity
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides
pyrophosphatase activity
nucleoside-triphosphatase activity
binding
nucleotide binding
Process
ion transport
cation transport
monovalent inorganic cation transport
potassium ion transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 2 General Function Insulin and ion channel regulation
Target 2 Specific Function Putative subunit of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP). Regulator of ATP-sensitive K+ channels and insulin release
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 34-54
  • 75-95
  • 101-121
  • 134-153
  • 167-193
  • 311-330
  • 355-375
  • 434-454
  • 458-478
  • 541-561
  • 584-604
  • 1004-1024
  • 1072-1092
  • 1137-1157
  • 1159-1179
  • 1251-1271
  • 1276-1296
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 1374919 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q09428 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ABCC8_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 2 Gene Sequence >4746 bp 
ATGCCCCTGGCCTTCTGCGGCAGCGAGAACCACTCGGCCGCCTACCGGGTGGACCAGGGG
GTCCTCAACAACGGCTGCTTTGTGGACGTCCTCAACGTGGTGCCGCACGTCTTCCTACTC
TTCATCACCTTCCCCATCCTCTTCATTGGATGGGGAAGTCAGAGCTCCAAGGTGCACATC
CACCACAGCACATGGCTTCATTTCCCTGGGCACAACCTGCGGTGGATCCTGACCTTCATG
CTGCTCTTCGTCCTGGTGTGTGAGATTGCAGAGGGCATCCTGTCTGATGGGGTGACCGAA
TCCCACCATCTGCACCTGTACATGCCAGCCGGGATGGCGTTCATGGCTGCTGTCACCTCC
GTGGTCTACTATCACAACATCGAGACTTCCAACTTCCCCAAGCTGCTAATTGCCCTGCTG
GTGTATTGGACCCTGGCCTTCATCACCAAGACCATCAAGTTTGTCAAGTTCTTGGACCAC
GCCATCGCGTTCTCGCAGGTACGCTTCTGCCTCACAGGGCTGCTGGTGATCCTCTATGGG
ATGCTGCTCCTCGTGGAGGTCAATGTCATCAGGGTGAGGAGATACATCTTCTTCAAGACA
CCGAGGGAGGTGAAGCCTCCCGAGGACCTGCAAGACCTGGGGGTACGCTTCCTGCAGCCC
TTCGTGAATCTGCTGTCCAAAGGCACCTACTGGTGGATGAACGCCTTCATCAAGACTGCC
CACAAGAAGCCCATCGACTTGCGAGCCATCGGGAAGCTGCCCATCGCCATGAGGGCCCTC
ACCAACTACCAACGGCTCTGCGAGGCCTTTGACGCCCAGGTGCGGAAGGACATTCAGGGC
ACTCAAGGTGCCCGGGCCATCTGGCAGGCACTCAGCCATGCCTTCGGGAGGCGCCTGGTC
CTCAGCAGCACTTTCCGCATCTTGGCCGACCTGCTGGGCTTCGCCGGGCCACTGTGCATC
TTTGGGATCGTGGACCACCTTGGGAAGGAGAACGACGTCTTCCAGCCCAAGACACAATTT
CTCGGGGTTTACTTTGTCTCATCCCAAGAGTTCCTTGCCAATGCCTACGTCTTAGCTGTG
CTTCTGTTCCTTGCCCTCCTACTGCAAAGGACATTTCTGCAAGCATCCTACTATGTGGCC
ATTGAAACTGGAATTAACTTGAGAGGAGCAATACAGACCAAGATTTACAATAAAATTATG
CACCTGTCCACCTCCAACCTGTCCATGGGAGAAATGACTGCTGGACAGATCTGTAATCTG
GTTGCCATCGACACCAATCAGCTCATGTGGTTTTTCTTCTTGTGCCCAAACCTCTGGGCT
ATGCCAGTACAGATCATTGTGGGTGTGATTCTCCTCTACTACATACTCGGAGTCAGTGCC
TTAATTGGAGCAGCTGTCATCATTCTACTGGCTCCTGTCCAGTACTTCGTGGCCACCAAG
CTGTCTCAGGCCCAGCGGACGACACTGGAGTATTCCAATGAGCGGCTGAAGCAGACCAAC
GAGATGCTCCGCGGCATCAAGCTGCTGAAGCTGTACGCCTGGGAGAACATCTTCCGCACG
CGGGTGGAGACGACCCGCAGGAAGGAGATGACCAGCCTCAGGGCCTTTGCCATCTATACC
TCCATCTCCATTTTCATGAACACGGCCATCCCCATTGCAGCTGTCCTCATAACTTTCGTG
GGCCATGTCAGCTTCTTCAAAGAGGCCGACTTCTCGCCCTCCGTGGCCTTTGCCTCCCTC
TCCCTCTTCCATATCTTGGTCACACCGCTGTTCCTGCTGTCCAGTGTGGTCCGATCTACC
GTCAAAGCTCTAGTGAGCGTGCAAAAGCTAAGCGAGTTCCTGTCCAGTGCAGAGATCCGT
GAGGAGCAGTGTGCCCCCCATGAGCCCACACCTCAGGGCCCAGCCAGCAAGTACCAGGCG
GTGCCCCTCAGGGTTGTGAACCGCAAGCGTCCAGCCCGGGAGGATTGTCGGGGCCTCACC
GGCCCACTGCAGAGCCTGGTCCCCAGTGCAGATGGCGATGCTGACAACTGCTGTGTCCAG
ATCATGGGAGGCTACTTCACGTGGACCCCAGATGGAATCCCCACACTGTCCAACATCACC
ATTCGTATCCCCCGAGGCCAGCTGACTATGATCGTGGGGCAGGTGGGCTGCGGCAAGTCC
TCGCTCCTTCTAGCCGCACTGGGGGAGATGCAGAAGGTCTCAGGGGCTGTCTTCTGGAGC
AGCCTTCCTGACAGCGAGATAGGAGAGGACCCCAGCCCAGAGCGGGAGACAGCGACCGAC
TTGGATATCAGGAAGAGAGGCCCCGTGGCCTATGCTTCGCAGAAACCATGGCTGCTAAAT
GCCACTGTGGAGGAGAACATCATCTTTGAGAGTCCCTTCAACAAACAACGGTACAAGATG
GTCATTGAAGCCTGCTCTCTGCAGCCAGACATCGACATCCTGCCCCATGGAGACCAGACC
CAGATTGGGGAACGGGGCATCAACCTGTCTGGTGGTCAACGCCAGCGAATCAGTGTGGCC
CGAGCCCTCTACCAGCACGCCAACGTTGTCTTCTTGGATGACCCCTTCTCAGCTCTGGAT
ATCCATCTGAGTGACCACTTAATGCAGGCCGGCATCCTTGAGCTGCTCCGGGACGACAAG
AGGACAGTGGTCTTAGTGACCCACAAGCTACAGTACCTGCCCCATGCAGACTGGATCATT
GCCATGAAGGATGGCACCATCCAGAGGGAGGGTACCCTCAAGGACTTCCAGAGGTCTGAA
TGCCAGCTCTTTGAGCACTGGAAGACCCTCATGAACCGACAGGACCAAGAGCTGGAGAAG
GAGACTGTCACAGAGAGAAAAGCCACAGAGCCACCCCAGGGCCTATCTCGTGCCATGTCC
TCGAGGGATGGCCTTCTGCAGGATGAGGAAGAGGAGGAAGAGGAGGCAGCTGAGAGCGAG
GAGGATGACAACCTGTCGTCCATGCTGCACCAGCGTGCTGAGATCCCATGGCGAGCCTGC
GCCAAGTACCTGTCCTCCGCCGGCATCCTGCTCCTGTCGTTGCTGGTCTTCTCACAGCTG
CTCAAGCACATGGTCCTGGTGGCCATCGACTACTGGCTGGCCAAGTGGACCGACAGCGCC
CTGACCCTGACCCCTGCAGCCAGGAACTGCTCCCTCAGCCAGGAGTGCACCCTCGACCAG
ACTGTCTATGCCATGGTGTTCACGGCTGTCTGCAGCCTGGGCATTGTGCTGTGCCTCGTC
ACGTCTGTCACTGTGGAGTGGACAGGGCTGAAGGTGGCCAAGAGACTGCACCGCAGCCTG
CTAAACCGGATCATCCTAGCCCCCATGAGGTTTTTTGAGACCACGCCCCTTGGGAGCATC
CTGAACAGATTTTCATCTGACTGTAACACCATCGACCAGCACATCCCATCCACGCTGGAG
TGCCTGAGCCGCTCCACCCTGCTCTGTGTCTCAGCCCTGGCCGTCATCTCCTATGTCACA
CCTGTGTTCCTCGTGGCCCTCTTGCCCCTGGCCATCGTGTGCTACTTCATCCAGAAGTAC
TTCCGGGTGGCGTCCAGGGACCTGCAGCAGCTGGATGACACCACCCAGCTTCCACTTCTC
TCACACTTTGCCGAAACCGTAGAAGGACTCACCACCATCCGGGCCTTCAGGTATGAGGCC
CGGTTCCAGCAGAAGCTTCTCGAATACACAGACTCCAACAACATTGCTTCCCTCTTCCTC
ACAGCTGCCAACAGATGGCTGGAAGTCCGAATGGAGTACATCGGTGCATGTGTGGTGCTC
ATCGCAGCGGTGACCTCCATCTCCAACTCCCTGCACAGGGAGCTCTCTGCTGGCCTGGTG
GGCCTGGGCCTTACCTACGCCCTAATGGTCTCCAACTACCTCAACTGGATGGTGAGGAAC
CTGGCAGACATGGAGCTCCAGCTGGGGGCTGTGAAGCGCATCCATGGGCTCCTGAAAACC
GAGGCAGAGAGCTACGAGGGACTCCTGGCACCATCGCTGATCCCAAAGAACTGGCCAGAC
CAAGGGAAGATCCAGATCCAGAACCTGAGCGTGCGCTACGACAGCTCCCTGAAGCCGGTG
CTGAAGCACGTCAATGCCCTCATCTCCCCTGGACAGAAGATCGGGATCTGCGGCCGCACC
GGCAGTGGGAAGTCCTCCTTCTCTCTTGCCTTCTTCCGCATGGTGGACACGTTCGAAGGG
CACATCATCATTGATGGCATTGACATCGCCAAACTGCCGCTGCACACCCTGCGCTCACGC
CTCTCCATCATCCTGCAGGACCCCGTCCTCTTCAGCGGCACCATCCGATTTAACCTGGAC
CCTGAGAGGAAGTGCTCAGATAGCACACTGTGGGAGGCCCTGGAAATCGCCCAGCTGAAG
CTGGTGGTGAAGGCACTGCCAGGAGGCCTCGATGCCATCATCACAGAAGGCGGGGAGAAT
TTCAGCCAGGGACAGAGGCAGCTGTTCTGCCTGGCCCGGGCCTTCGTGAGGAAGACCAGC
ATCTTCATCATGGACGAGGCCACGGCTTCCATTGACATGGCCACGGAAAACATCCTCCAA
AAGGTGGTGATGACAGCCTTCGCAGACCGCACTGTGGTCACCATCGCGCATCGAGTGCAC
ACCATCCTGAGTGCAGACCTGGTGATCGTCCTGAAGCGGGGTGCCATCCTTGAGTTCGAT
AAGCCAGAGAAGCTGCTCAGCCGGAAGGACAGCGTCTTCGCCTCCTTCGTCCGTGCAGAC
AAGTGA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID ABCC8 Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID ABCC8 Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:59 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 11
Target 2 Locus 11p15.1
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Aguilar-Bryan L, Bryan J: Molecular biology of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels. Endocr Rev. 1999 Apr;20(2):101-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Otonkoski T, Ammala C, Huopio H, Cote GJ, Chapman J, Cosgrove K, Ashfield R, Huang E, Komulainen J, Ashcroft FM, Dunne MJ, Kere J, Thomas PM: A point mutation inactivating the sulfonylurea receptor causes the severe form of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy in Finland. Diabetes. 1999 Feb;48(2):408-15. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Meissner T, Beinbrech B, Mayatepek E: Congenital hyperinsulinism: molecular basis of a heterogeneous disease. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(5):351-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Glaser B, Furth J, Stanley CA, Baker L, Thornton PS, Landau H, Permutt MA: Intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism haplotype analysis of SUR1 mutations in familial hyperinsulinism. Hum Mutat. 1999;14(1):23-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Raab-Graham KF, Cirilo LJ, Boettcher AA, Radeke CM, Vandenberg CA: Membrane topology of the amino-terminal region of the sulfonylurea receptor. J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct 8;274(41):29122-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Tanizawa Y, Matsuda K, Matsuo M, Ohta Y, Ochi N, Adachi M, Koga M, Mizuno S, Kajita M, Tanaka Y, Tachibana K, Inoue H, Furukawa S, Amachi T, Ueda K, Oka Y: Genetic analysis of Japanese patients with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy: nucleotide-binding fold-2 mutation impairs cooperative binding of adenine nucleotides to sulfonylurea receptor 1. Diabetes. 2000 Jan;49(1):114-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Huopio H, Reimann F, Ashfield R, Komulainen J, Lenko HL, Rahier J, Vauhkonen I, Kere J, Laakso M, Ashcroft F, Otonkoski T: Dominantly inherited hyperinsulinism caused by a mutation in the sulfonylurea receptor type 1. J Clin Invest. 2000 Oct;106(7):897-906. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Cartier EA, Conti LR, Vandenberg CA, Shyng SL: Defective trafficking and function of KATP channels caused by a sulfonylurea receptor 1 mutation associated with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 27;98(5):2882-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Taschenberger G, Mougey A, Shen S, Lester LB, LaFranchi S, Shyng SL: Identification of a familial hyperinsulinism-causing mutation in the sulfonylurea receptor 1 that prevents normal trafficking and function of KATP channels. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 10;277(19):17139-46. Epub 2002 Feb 26. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Thomas PM, Cote GJ, Wohllk N, Haddad B, Mathew PM, Rabl W, Aguilar-Bryan L, Gagel RF, Bryan J: Mutations in the sulfonylurea receptor gene in familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):426-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 8635661 Inoue H, Ferrer J, Welling CM, Elbein SC, Hoffman M, Mayorga R, Warren-Perry M, Zhang Y, Millns H, Turner R, Province M, Bryan J, Permutt MA, Aguilar-Bryan L: Sequence variants in the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) gene are associated with NIDDM in Caucasians. Diabetes. 1996 Jun;45(6):825-31.
  12. 8650576 Nichols CG, Shyng SL, Nestorowicz A, Glaser B, Clement JP 4th, Gonzalez G, Aguilar-Bryan L, Permutt MA, Bryan J: Adenosine diphosphate as an intracellular regulator of insulin secretion. Science. 1996 Jun 21;272(5269):1785-7.
  13. 8751851 Thomas PM, Wohllk N, Huang E, Kuhnle U, Rabl W, Gagel RF, Cote GJ: Inactivation of the first nucleotide-binding fold of the sulfonylurea receptor, and familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Sep;59(3):510-8.
  14. 8923011 Nestorowicz A, Wilson BA, Schoor KP, Inoue H, Glaser B, Landau H, Stanley CA, Thornton PS, Clement JP 4th, Bryan J, Aguilar-Bryan L, Permutt MA: Mutations in the sulonylurea receptor gene are associated with familial hyperinsulinism in Ashkenazi Jews. Hum Mol Genet. 1996 Nov;5(11):1813-22.
  15. 9519757 Ohta Y, Tanizawa Y, Inoue H, Hosaka T, Ueda K, Matsutani A, Repunte VP, Yamada M, Kurachi Y, Bryan J, Aguilar-Bryan L, Permutt MA, Oka Y: Identification and functional analysis of sulfonylurea receptor 1 variants in Japanese patients with NIDDM. Diabetes. 1998 Mar;47(3):476-81.
  16. 9568693 Hansen T, Echwald SM, Hansen L, Moller AM, Almind K, Clausen JO, Urhammer SA, Inoue H, Ferrer J, Bryan J, Aguilar-Bryan L, Permutt MA, Pedersen O: Decreased tolbutamide-stimulated insulin secretion in healthy subjects with sequence variants in the high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor gene. Diabetes. 1998 Apr;47(4):598-605.
  17. 9618169 Nestorowicz A, Glaser B, Wilson BA, Shyng SL, Nichols CG, Stanley CA, Thornton PS, Permutt MA: Genetic heterogeneity in familial hyperinsulinism. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Jul;7(7):1119-28.
  18. 9648840 Shyng SL, Ferrigni T, Shepard JB, Nestorowicz A, Glaser B, Permutt MA, Nichols CG: Functional analyses of novel mutations in the sulfonylurea receptor 1 associated with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. Diabetes. 1998 Jul;47(7):1145-51.
  19. 9769320 Verkarre V, Fournet JC, de Lonlay P, Gross-Morand MS, Devillers M, Rahier J, Brunelle F, Robert JJ, Nihoul-Fekete C, Saudubray JM, Junien C: Paternal mutation of the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) gene and maternal loss of 11p15 imprinted genes lead to persistent hyperinsulinism in focal adenomatous hyperplasia. J Clin Invest. 1998 Oct 1;102(7):1286-91.
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Gribble FM, Ashcroft FM: Sulfonylurea sensitivity of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels from beta cells and extrapancreatic tissues. Metabolism. 2000 Oct;49(10 Suppl 2):3-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Harrower A: Gliclazide modified release: from once-daily administration to 24-hour blood glucose control. Metabolism. 2000 Oct;49(10 Suppl 2):7-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Lawrence CL, Proks P, Rodrigo GC, Jones P, Hayabuchi Y, Standen NB, Ashcroft FM: Gliclazide produces high-affinity block of KATP channels in mouse isolated pancreatic beta cells but not rat heart or arterial smooth muscle cells. Diabetologia. 2001 Aug;44(8):1019-25. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Reimann F, Ashcroft FM, Gribble FM: Structural basis for the interference between nicorandil and sulfonylurea action. Diabetes. 2001 Oct;50(10):2253-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Proks P, Reimann F, Green N, Gribble F, Ashcroft F: Sulfonylurea stimulation of insulin secretion. Diabetes. 2002 Dec;51 Suppl 3:S368-76. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 587
Target 3 Name Serum albumin
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. Serum albumin precursor
Target 3 Gene Name ALB
Target 3 Protein Sequence >Serum albumin precursor 
MKWVTFISLLFLFSSAYSRGVFRRDAHKSEVAHRFKDLGEENFKALVLIAFAQYLQQCPF
EDHVKLVNEVTEFAKTCVADESAENCDKSLHTLFGDKLCTVATLRETYGEMADCCAKQEP
ERNECFLQHKDDNPNLPRLVRPEVDVMCTAFHDNEETFLKKYLYEIARRHPYFYAPELLF
FAKRYKAAFTECCQAADKAACLLPKLDELRDEGKASSAKQRLKCASLQKFGERAFKAWAV
ARLSQRFPKAEFAEVSKLVTDLTKVHTECCHGDLLECADDRADLAKYICENQDSISSKLK
ECCEKPLLEKSHCIAEVENDEMPADLPSLAADFVESKDVCKNYAEAKDVFLGMFLYEYAR
RHPDYSVVLLLRLAKTYETTLEKCCAAADPHECYAKVFDEFKPLVEEPQNLIKQNCELFE
QLGEYKFQNALLVRYTKKVPQVSTPTLVEVSRNLGKVGSKCCKHPEAKRMPCAEDYLSVV
LNQLCVLHEKTPVSDRVTKCCTESLVNRRPCFSALEVDETYVPKEFNAETFTFHADICTL
SEKERQIKKQTALVELVKHKPKATKEQLKAVMDDFAAFVEKCCKADDKETCFAEEGKKLV
AASQAALGL
Target 3 Number of Residues 619
Target 3 Molecular Weight 69367
Target 3 Theoretical pI 6.21
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
transporter activity
carrier activity
Process
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
Component
extracellular region
extracellular space
Target 3 General Function Involved in antioxidant activity
Target 3 Specific Function Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood
Target 3 Pathways Not Available
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function
Target 3 Signals
  • 1-18
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 3 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein 28590 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P02768 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ALBU_HUMAN Link Image
Target 3 PDB ID 1HA2 Link Image
Target 3 PDB File Show
Target 3 3D Structure
Target 3 Cellular Location
  • Secreted protein
Target 3 Gene Sequence >1830 bp 
ATGAAGTGGGTAACCTTTATTTCCCTTCTTTTTCTCTTTAGCTCGGCTTATTCCAGGGGT
GTGTTTCGTCGAGATGCACACAAGAGTGAGGTTGCTCATCGGTTTAAAGATTTGGGAGAA
GAAAATTTCAAAGCCTTGGTGTTGATTGCCTTTGCTCAGTATCTTCAGCAGTGTCCATTT
GAAGATCATGTAAAATTAGTGAATGAAGTAACTGAATTTGCAAAAACATGTGTTGCTGAT
GAGTCAGCTGAAAATTGTGACAAATCACTTCATACCCTTTTTGGAGACAAATTATGCACA
GTTGCAACTCTTCGTGAAACCTATGGTGAAATGGCTGACTGCTGTGCAAAACAAGAACCT
GGGAGAAATGAATGCTTCTTGCAACACAAAGATGACAACCCAAACCTCCCCCGATTGGTG
AGACCAGAGGTTGATGTGATGTGCACTGCTTTTCATGACAATGAAGAGACATTTTTGAAA
AAATACTTATATGAAATTGCCAGAAGACATCCTTACTTTTATGCCCCGGAACTCCTTTTC
TTTGCTAAAAGGTATAAAGCTGCTTTTACAGAATGTTGCCAAGCTGCTGATAAAGCTGCC
TGCCTGTTGCCAAAGCTCGATGAACTTCGGGATGAAGGGAAGGCTTCGTCTGCCAAACAG
AGACTCAAGTGTGCCAGTCTCCAAAAATTTGGAGAAAGAGCTTTCAAAGCATGGGCAGTA
GCTCGCCTGAGCCAGAGATTTCCCAAAGCTGAGTTTGCAGAAGTTTCCAAGTTAGTGACA
GATCTTACCAAAGTCCACACGGAATGCTGCCATGGAGATCTGCTTGAATGTGCTGATGAC
AGGGCGGACCTTGCCAAGTATATCTGTGAAAATCAAGATTCGATCTCCAGTAAACTGAAG
GAATGCTGTGAAAAACCTCTGTTGGAAAAATCCCACTGCATTGCCGAAGTGGAAAATGAT
GAGATGCCTGCTGACTTGCCTTCATTAGCTGCTGATTTTGTTGAAAGTAAGGATGTTTGC
AAAAACTATGCTGAGGCAAAGGATGTCTTCTTGGGCATGTTTTTGTATGAATATGCAAGA
AGGCATCCTGATTACTCTGTCGTGCTGCTGCTGAGACTTGCCAAGACATATGAAACCACT
CTAGAGAAGTGCTGTGCCGCTGCAGATCCTCATGAATGCTATGCCAAAGTGTTCGATGAA
TTTAAACCTCTTGTGGAAGAGCCTCAGAATTTAATCAAACAAAATTGTGAGCTTTTTGAG
CAGCTTGGAGAGTACAAATTCCAGAATGCGCTGTTAGTTCGTTACACCAAGAAAGTACCC
GAAGTGTCAACTCCAACTCTTGTAGAGGTCTCAAGAAACCTAGGAAAAGTGGGCAGCAAA
TGTTGTAAACATCCTGAAGCAAAAAGAATGCCCTGTGCAGAAGACTATCTATCCGTGGTC
CTGAACCAGTTATGTGTGTTGCATGAGAAAACGCCAGTAAGTGACAGAGTCACCAAATGC
TGCACAGAATCCTTGGTGAACAGGCGACCATGCTTTTCAGCTCTGGAAGTCGATGAAACA
TACGTTCCCAAAGAGTTTAATGCTGAAACATTCACCTTCCATGCAGATATATGCACACTT
TCTGAGAAGGAGAGACAAATCAAGAAACAAACTGCACTTGTTGAGCTCGTGAAACACAAG
CCCAAGGCAACAAAAGAGCAACTGAAAGCTGTTATGGATGATTTCGCTGCTTTTGTAGAG
AAGTGCTGCAAGGCTGACGATAAGGAGACCTGCTTTGCCGAGGAGGGTAAAAAACTTGTT
GCTGCAAGTCAAGCTGCCTTAGGCTTATAA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID ALB Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID ALB Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:399 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location 4
Target 3 Locus 4q11-q13
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 General References
  1. Sugio S, Kashima A, Mochizuki S, Noda M, Kobayashi K: Crystal structure of human serum albumin at 2.5 A resolution. Protein Eng. 1999 Jun;12(6):439-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bhattacharya AA, Curry S, Franks NP: Binding of the general anesthetics propofol and halothane to human serum albumin. High resolution crystal structures. J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 8;275(49):38731-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Minchiotti L, Campagnoli M, Rossi A, Cosulich ME, Monti M, Pucci P, Kragh-Hansen U, Granel B, Disdier P, Weiller PJ, Galliano M: A nucleotide insertion and frameshift cause albumin Kenitra, an extended and O-glycosylated mutant of human serum albumin with two additional disulfide bridges. Eur J Biochem. 2001 Jan;268(2):344-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Yu Y, Zhang C, Zhou G, Wu S, Qu X, Wei H, Xing G, Dong C, Zhai Y, Wan J, Ouyang S, Li L, Zhang S, Zhou K, Zhang Y, Wu C, He F: Gene expression profiling in human fetal liver and identification of tissue- and developmental-stage-specific genes through compiled expression profiles and efficient cloning of full-length cDNAs. Genome Res. 2001 Aug;11(8):1392-403. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Spahr CS, Davis MT, McGinley MD, Robinson JH, Bures EJ, Beierle J, Mort J, Courchesne PL, Chen K, Wahl RC, Yu W, Luethy R, Patterson SD: Towards defining the urinary proteome using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. I. Profiling an unfractionated tryptic digest. Proteomics. 2001 Jan;1(1):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Petitpas I, Grune T, Bhattacharya AA, Curry S: Crystal structures of human serum albumin complexed with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Mol Biol. 2001 Dec 14;314(5):955-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Meloun B, Moravek L, Kostka V: Complete amino acid sequence of human serum albumin. FEBS Lett. 1975 Oct 15;58(1):134-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2265-70. Epub 2003 Sep 15. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Minchiotti L, Galliano M, Stoppini M, Ferri G, Crespeau H, Rochu D, Porta F: Two alloalbumins with identical electrophoretic mobility are produced by differently charged amino acid substitutions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Mar 12;1119(3):232-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 1518850 Carlson J, Sakamoto Y, Laurell CB, Madison J, Watkins S, Putnam FW: Alloalbuminemia in Sweden: structural study and phenotypic distribution of nine albumin variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 1;89(17):8225-9.
  12. 1630489 He XM, Carter DC: Atomic structure and chemistry of human serum albumin. Nature. 1992 Jul 16;358(6383):209-15.
  13. 1859851 Peach RJ, Brennan SO: Structural characterization of a glycoprotein variant of human serum albumin: albumin Casebrook (494 Asp----Asn). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Jul 26;1097(1):49-54.
  14. 1946412 Madison J, Arai K, Sakamoto Y, Feld RD, Kyle RA, Watkins S, Davis E, Matsuda Y, Amaki I, Putnam FW: Genetic variants of serum albumin in Americans and Japanese. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 1;88(21):9853-7.
  15. 2068071 Watkins S, Madison J, Davis E, Sakamoto Y, Galliano M, Minchiotti L, Putnam FW: A donor splice mutation and a single-base deletion produce two carboxyl-terminal variants of human serum albumin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jul 15;88(14):5959-63.
  16. 2104980 Brennan SO, Myles T, Peach RJ, Donaldson D, George PM: Albumin Redhill (-1 Arg, 320 Ala----Thr): a glycoprotein variant of human serum albumin whose precursor has an aberrant signal peptidase cleavage site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(1):26-30.
  17. 2247440 Galliano M, Minchiotti L, Porta F, Rossi A, Ferri G, Madison J, Watkins S, Putnam FW: Mutations in genetic variants of human serum albumin found in Italy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(22):8721-5.
  18. 2374930 Carter DC, He XM: Structure of human serum albumin. Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):302-3.
  19. 2404284 Arai K, Madison J, Shimizu A, Putnam FW: Point substitutions in albumin genetic variants from Asia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(1):497-501.
  20. 2419329 Urano Y, Watanabe K, Sakai M, Tamaoki T: The human albumin gene. Characterization of the 5' and 3' flanking regions and the polymorphic gene transcripts. J Biol Chem. 1986 Mar 5;261(7):3244-51.
  21. 2437111 Carraway RE, Mitra SP, Cochrane DE: Structure of a biologically active neurotensin-related peptide obtained from pepsin-treated albumin(s). J Biol Chem. 1987 May 5;262(13):5968-73.
  22. 2727704 Carter DC, He XM, Munson SH, Twigg PD, Gernert KM, Broom MB, Miller TY: Three-dimensional structure of human serum albumin. Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1195-8.
  23. 2762316 Arai K, Madison J, Huss K, Ishioka N, Satoh C, Fujita M, Neel JV, Sakurabayashi I, Putnam FW: Point substitutions in Japanese alloalbumins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(16):6092-6.
  24. 2911589 Arai K, Ishioka N, Huss K, Madison J, Putnam FW: Identical structural changes in inherited albumin variants from different populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jan;86(2):434-8.
  25. 3009475 Minghetti PP, Ruffner DE, Kuang WJ, Dennison OE, Hawkins JW, Beattie WG, Dugaiczyk A: Molecular structure of the human albumin gene is revealed by nucleotide sequence within q11-22 of chromosome 4. J Biol Chem. 1986 May 25;261(15):6747-57.
  26. 3087352 Mogard MH, Kobayashi R, Chen CF, Lee TD, Reeve JR Jr, Shively JE, Walsh JH: The amino acid sequence of kinetensin, a novel peptide isolated from pepsin-treated human plasma: homology with human serum albumin, neurotensin and angiotensin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 May 14;136(3):983-8.
  27. 3474609 Takahashi N, Takahashi Y, Blumberg BS, Putnam FW: Amino acid substitutions in genetic variants of human serum albumin and in sequences inferred from molecular cloning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(13):4413-7.
  28. 3479777 Takahashi N, Takahashi Y, Isobe T, Putnam FW, Fujita M, Satoh C, Neel JV: Amino acid substitutions in inherited albumin variants from Amerindian and Japanese populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(22):8001-5.
  29. 3828358 Brennan SO, Herbert P: Albumin Canterbury (313 Lys----Asn). A point mutation in the second domain of serum albumin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Apr 8;912(2):191-7.
  30. 6171778 Lawn RM, Adelman J, Bock SC, Franke AE, Houck CM, Najarian RC, Seeburg PH, Wion KL: The sequence of human serum albumin cDNA and its expression in E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Nov 25;9(22):6103-114.
  31. 6275391 Dugaiczyk A, Law SW, Dennison OE: Nucleotide sequence and the encoded amino acids of human serum albumin mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(1):71-5.
  32. 656055 Jacobsen C: Lysine residue 240 of human serum albumin is involved in high-affinity binding of bilirubin. Biochem J. 1978 May 1;171(2):453-9.
  33. 7852505 Rushbrook JI, Becker E, Schussler GC, Divino CM: Identification of a human serum albumin species associated with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Feb;80(2):461-7.
  34. 7895732 Corbett JM, Wheeler CH, Baker CS, Yacoub MH, Dunn MJ: The human myocardial two-dimensional gel protein database: update 1994. Electrophoresis. 1994 Nov;15(11):1459-65.
  35. 7902134 Galliano M, Minchiotti L, Iadarola P, Stoppini M, Giagnoni P, Watkins S, Madison J, Putnam FW: Protein and DNA sequence analysis of a 'private' genetic variant: albumin Ortonovo (Glu-505-->Lys). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 25;1225(1):27-32.
  36. 8022807 Madison J, Galliano M, Watkins S, Minchiotti L, Porta F, Rossi A, Putnam FW: Genetic variants of human serum albumin in Italy: point mutants and a carboxyl-terminal variant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jul 5;91(14):6476-80.
  37. 8048949 Sunthornthepvarakul T, Angkeow P, Weiss RE, Hayashi Y, Refetoff S: An identical missense mutation in the albumin gene results in familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia in 8 unrelated families. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jul 29;202(2):781-7.
  38. 8347685 Brennan SO, Fellowes AP: Albumin Hawkes Bay; a low level variant caused by loss of a sulphydryl group at position 177. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Aug 4;1182(1):46-50.
  39. 8513793 Minchiotti L, Galliano M, Zapponi MC, Tenni R: The structural characterization and bilirubin-binding properties of albumin Herborn, a [Lys240-->Glu] albumin mutant. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Jun 1;214(2):437-44.
  40. 9329347 Wada N, Chiba H, Shimizu C, Kijima H, Kubo M, Koike T: A novel missense mutation in codon 218 of the albumin gene in a distinct phenotype of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia in a Japanese kindred. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Oct;82(10):3246-50.
  41. 955075 Walker JE: Lysine residue 199 of human serum albumin is modified by acetylsalicyclic acid. FEBS Lett. 1976 Jul 15;66(2):173-5.
  42. 9589637 Sunthornthepvarakul T, Likitmaskul S, Ngowngarmratana S, Angsusingha K, Kitvitayasak S, Scherberg NH, Refetoff S: Familial dysalbuminemic hypertriiodothyroninemia: a new, dominantly inherited albumin defect. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 May;83(5):1448-54.
  43. 9731778 Curry S, Mandelkow H, Brick P, Franks N: Crystal structure of human serum albumin complexed with fatty acid reveals an asymmetric distribution of binding sites. Nat Struct Biol. 1998 Sep;5(9):827-35.
Target 3 Drug References
  1. Renier G, Desfaits AC, Serri O: Gliclazide decreases low-density lipoprotein oxidation and monocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Metabolism. 2000 Feb;49(2 Suppl 1):17-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Renier G, Desfaits AC, Serri O: Effect of gliclazide on monocyte-endothelium interactions in diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2000 Jul-Aug;14(4):215-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Desfaits AC, Serri O, Renier G: Gliclazide reduces the induction of human monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by glycated albumin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 1999 Mar;1(2):113-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Igaki A, Kobayashi K, Kimura M, Sakoguchi T, Matsuoka A: Influence of blood proteins on biomedical analysis. XII. Effects of glycation on gliclazide (oral hypoglycemic drug)-binding with serum albumin in diabetics. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1992 Jan;40(1):255-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Kobayashi K, Kimura M, Sakoguchi T, Hase A, Matsuoka A: Influence of blood proteins on biomedical analysis. V. Effect of ethyl alcohol on gliclazide-binding with bovine serum albumin. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1982 Mar;30(3):1077-80. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 4 [top]
Target 4 ID 709
Target 4 Name ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1
Target 4 Synonyms
  1. ATP-regulated potassium channel ROM-K
  2. Kir1.1
  3. Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 1
Target 4 Gene Name KCNJ1
Target 4 Protein Sequence >ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 
MNASSRNVFDTLIRVLTESMFKHLRKWVVTRFFGHSRQRARLVSKDGRCNIEFGNVEAQS
RFIFFVDIWTTVLDLKWRYKMTIFITAFLGSWFFFGLLWYAVAYIHKDLPEFHPSANHTP
CVENINGLTSAFLFSLETQVTIGYGFRCVTEQCATAIFLLIFQSILGVIINSFMCGAILA
KISRPKKRAKTITFSKNAVISKRGGKLCLLIRVANLRKSLLIGSHIYGKLLKTTVTPEGE
TIILDQININFVVDAGNENLFFISPLTIYHVIDHNSPFFHMAAETLLQQDFELVVFLDGT
VESTSATCQVRTSYVPEEVLWGYRFAPIVSKTKEGKYRVDFHNFSKTVEVETPHCAMCLY
NEKDVRARMKRGYDNPNFILSEVNETDDTKM
Target 4 Number of Residues 397
Target 4 Molecular Weight 44795
Target 4 Theoretical pI 9.04
Target 4 GO Classification
Function
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
ion channel activity
voltage-gated ion channel activity
voltage-gated potassium channel activity
inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Process
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
cation transport
monovalent inorganic cation transport
potassium ion transport
Component
cell
membrane
Target 4 General Function Involved in inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Target 4 Specific Function In the kidney, probably plays a major role in potassium homeostasis. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. This channel is activated by internal ATP and can be blocked by external barium
Target 4 Pathways Not Available
Target 4 Reactions Not Available
Target 4 Pfam Domain Function
Target 4 Signals
  • None
Target 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • 78-102
  • 156-177
Target 4 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 4 GenBank ID Protein 529313 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P48048 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name IRK1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 4 PDB ID Not Available
Target 4 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 4 Gene Sequence >1176 bp 
ATGAATGCTTCCAGTCGGAATGTGTTTGACACGTTGATCAGGGTGTTGACAGAAAGTATG
TTCAAACATCTTCGGAAATGGGTCGTCACTCGCTTTTTTGGGCATTCTCGGCAAAGAGCA
AGGCTAGTCTCCAAAGATGGAAGGTGCAACATAGAATTTGGCAATGTGGAGGCACAGTCA
AGGTTTATATTCTTTGTGGACATCTGGACAACGGTACTTGACCTCAAGTGGAGATACAAA
ATGACCATTTTCATCACAGCCTTCTTGGGGAGTTGGTTTTTCTTTGGTCTCCTGTGGTAT
GCAGTAGCGTACATTCACAAAGACCTCCCGGAATTCCATCCTTCTGCCAATCACACTCCC
TGTGTGGAGAATATTAATGGCTTGACCTCAGCTTTTCTGTTTTCTCTGGAGACTCAAGTG
ACCATTGGATATGGATTCAGGTGTGTGACAGAACAGTGTGCCACTGCCATTTTTCTGCTT
ATCTTTCAGTCTATACTTGGAGTTATAATCAATTCTTTCATGTGTGGGGCCATCTTAGCC
AAGATCTCCAGGCCCAAAAAACGTGCCAAGACCATTACGTTCAGCAAGAACGCAGTGATC
AGCAAACGGGGAGGGAAGCTTTGCCTCCTAATCCGAGTGGCTAATCTCAGGAAGAGCCTT
CTTATTGGCAGTCACATTTATGGAAAGCTTCTGAAGACCACAGTCACTCCTGAAGGAGAG
ACCATTATTTTGGACCAGATCAATATCAACTTTGTAGTTGACGCTGGGAATGAAAATTTA
TTCTTCATCTCCCCATTGACAATTTACCATGTCATTGATCACAACAGCCCTTTCTTCCAC
ATGGCAGCGGAGACCCTTCTCCAGCAGGACTTTGAATTAGTGGTGTTTTTAGATGGCACA
GTGGAGTCCACCAGTGCTACCTGCCAAGTCCGGACATCCTATGTCCCAGAGGAGGTGCTT
TGGGGCTACCGTTTTGCTCCCATAGTATCCAAGACAAAGGAAGGGAAATACCGAGTGGAT
TTCCATAACTTTAGCAAGACAGTGGAAGTGGAGACCCCTCACTGTGCCATGTGCCTTTAT
AATGAGAAAGATGTTAGAGCCAGGATGAAGAGAGGCTATGACAACCCCAACTTCATCTTG
TCAGAAGTCAATGAAACAGATGACACCAAAATGTAA
Target 4 GenBank Gene ID
Target 4 GeneCard ID KCNJ1 Link Image
Target 4 GenAtlas ID KCNJ1 Link Image
Target 4 HGNC ID HGNC:6255 Link Image
Target 4 Chromosome Location 11
Target 4 Locus 11q24
Target 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 4 General References
  1. Krishnan SN, Desai T, Ward DC, Haddad GG: Isolation and chromosomal localization of a human ATP-regulated potassium channel. Hum Genet. 1995 Aug;96(2):155-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Shuck ME, Bock JH, Benjamin CW, Tsai TD, Lee KS, Slightom JL, Bienkowski MJ: Cloning and characterization of multiple forms of the human kidney ROM-K potassium channel. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 30;269(39):24261-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Yano H, Philipson LH, Kugler JL, Tokuyama Y, Davis EM, Le Beau MM, Nelson DJ, Bell GI, Takeda J: Alternative splicing of human inwardly rectifying K+ channel ROMK1 mRNA. Mol Pharmacol. 1994 May;45(5):854-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Mutations in the gene encoding the inwardly-rectifying renal potassium channel, ROMK, cause the antenatal variant of Bartter syndrome: evidence for genetic heterogeneity. International Collaborative Study Group for Bartter-like Syndromes. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Jan;6(1):17-26. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 4 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.