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Identification
Name Heptabarbital
Accession Number DB01354
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Heptabarbital is an intermediate or short term barbiturate used mainly for sedation and hypnosis.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
Heptabarb
Heptabarbitone
Heptabarbum
Heptadorm
Heptamal
Heptamalum
Heptbarbital
Medapan
Medomine
Salts Not Available
Brand names Not Available
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Barbiturates
CAS number 509-86-4
Weight Average: 250.2936
Monoisotopic: 250.131742452
Chemical Formula C13H18N2O3
InChI Key InChIKey=PAZQYDJGLKSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C13H18N2O3/c1-2-13(9-7-5-3-4-6-8-9)10(16)14-12(18)15-11(13)17/h7H,2-6,8H2,1H3,(H2,14,15,16,17,18)
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
5-(cyclohept-1-en-1-yl)-5-ethyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
SMILES
CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C1=CCCCCC1
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Barbiturates
Substructures
  • Barbiturates
  • Carbonyl Compounds
  • Alkanes and Alkenes
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Amino Ketones
  • Ureas and Derivatives
  • Pyrimidines and Derivatives
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Carboxamides and Derivatives
  • Cycloheptenes
Pharmacology
Indication Used mainly for sedation and hypnosis.
Pharmacodynamics Not Available
Mechanism of action Heptabarbital (like all barbiturates) works by binding to the GABAA receptor at either the alpha or the beta sub unit. These are binding sites that are distinct from GABA itself and also distinct from the benzodiazepine binding site. Like benzodiazepines, barbiturates potentiate the effect of GABA at this receptor. This GABAA receptor binding decreases input resistance, depresses burst and tonic firing, especially in ventrobasal and intralaminar neurons, while at the same time increasing burst duration and mean conductance at individual chloride channels; this increases both the amplitude and decay time of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. In addition to this GABA-ergic effect, barbiturates also block the AMPA receptor, a subtype of glutamate receptor. Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS. Heptabarbital also appears to bind neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism Hepatic.
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life Not Available
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Symptoms of an overdose typically include sluggishness, incoordination, difficulty in thinking, slowness of speech, faulty judgment, drowsiness or coma, shallow breathing, staggering, and in severe cases coma and death.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers Not Available
Packagers Not Available
Dosage forms Not Available
Prices Not Available
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 174 °C PhysProp
water solubility 250 mg/L (at 25 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP 2.03 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 3.24e-01 g/l ALOGPS
logP 2.41 ALOGPS
logP 1.91 ChemAxon
logS -2.9 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 8.14 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 3 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon
polar surface area 75.27 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 2 ChemAxon
refractivity 66.25 ChemAxon
polarizability 25.86 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Compound C17725 Link_out
PubChem Compound 10518 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46508321 Link_out
ChemSpider 10081 Link_out
ChEBI 588074 Link_out
ChEMBL 588074 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP001032 Link_out
PharmGKB PA164783812 Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptabarbital Link_out
ATC Codes
  • N05CA11
AHFS Codes Not Available
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Aminophylline The barbiturate, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.
Betamethasone The barbiturate, heptabarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, betamethasone.
Clomifene The enzyme inducer, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, clomifene.
Conjugated Estrogens The enzyme inducer, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, conjugated estrogens.
Cyclosporine The barbiturate, heptabarbital, increases the effect of cyclosporine.
Dexamethasone The barbiturate, heptabarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Diethylstilbestrol The enzyme inducer, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, diethylstilbestrol.
Doxycycline The anticonvulsant, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Estradiol The enzyme inducer, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, estradiol.
Ethinyl Estradiol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
Felodipine The barbiturate, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of felodipine.
Fludrocortisone The barbiturate, heptabarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, fludrocortisone.
Folic Acid Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant, heptabarbital.
Gefitinib The CYP3A4 inducer, heptabarbital, may decrease the serum concentration and therapeutic effects of gefitinib.
Griseofulvin The barbiturate, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of griseofulvin.
Hydrocortisone The barbiturate, heptabarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, hydrocortisone.
Levonorgestrel Phenobarbital decreases the effect of levonorgestrel
Medroxyprogesterone The enzyme inducer, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, medroxyprogesterone.
Megestrol The enzyme inducer, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, megestrol.
Methadone The barbiturate, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of methadone.
Metronidazole The barbiturate, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
Nifedipine The barbiturate, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine.
Norethindrone This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
Oxtriphylline The barbiturate, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of oxtriphylline.
Prednisolone The barbiturate, heptabarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, prednisolone.
Prednisone The barbiturate, heptabarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, prednisone.
Quinidine The anticonvulsant, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of quinidine.
Theophylline The barbiturate, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of theophylline.
Triamcinolone The barbiturate, heptabarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P14867 Link_out
Gene: GABRA1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL, Goodman LS and Gilman AG (2005). Goodman & Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071422803.
  2. Whiting PJ: The GABAA receptor gene family: new opportunities for drug development. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 2003 Sep;6(5):648-57. Pubmed
  3. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. Pubmed
  4. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  5. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. Pubmed

2. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P47869 Link_out
Gene: GABRA2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. Pubmed

3. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P34903 Link_out
Gene: GABRA3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. Pubmed

4. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P48169 Link_out
Gene: GABRA4 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. Pubmed

5. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P31644 Link_out
Gene: GABRA5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. Pubmed

6. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q16445 Link_out
Gene: GABRA6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. Pubmed
  2. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed

7. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P43681 Link_out
Gene: CHRNA4 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Arias HR, Bhumireddy P: Anesthetics as chemical tools to study the structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2005 Oct;6(5):451-72. Pubmed
  3. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. Pubmed

8. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P36544 Link_out
Gene: CHRNA7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Arias HR, Bhumireddy P: Anesthetics as chemical tools to study the structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2005 Oct;6(5):451-72. Pubmed
  3. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. Pubmed

9. Glutamate receptor 2

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds AMPA(quisqualate) > glutamate > kainate

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P42262 Link_out
Gene: GRIA2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. Pubmed

10. Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus. This receptor binds domoate > kainate > quisqualate > 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione > L-glutamate = 6,7- dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione > dihydrokainate

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q13002 Link_out
Gene: GRIK2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on July 06, 2007 13:49 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:20