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Identification
Name Somatropin recombinant
Accession Number DB00052 (BIOD00086, BTD00086)
Type biotech
Groups approved
Description

Recombinant human growth hormone (somatotropin) 191 residues, MW 22.1 kD, synthesized in E. coli
Protein structure Db00052
Display: 3D Structure
Protein chemical formula C990H1532N262O300S7
Protein average weight 22129.0000
Sequences 
>DB00052 sequence
FPTIPLSRLFDNAMLRAHRLHQLAFDTYQEFEEAYIPKEQKYSFLQNPQTSLCFSESIPT
PSNREETQQKSNLELLRISLLLIQSWLEPVQFLRSVFANSLVYGASDSNVYDLLKDLEEG
IQTLMGRLEDGSPRTGQIFKQTYSKFDTNSHNDDALLKNYGLLYCFRKDMDKVETFLRIV
QCRSVEGSCGF

FASTA
Synonyms
GH
GH-N
Growth hormone
Growth hormone 1
Pituitary growth hormone
Somatotropin precursor
Somatropin
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
BioTropin (Biotech General)
Genotropin (Pfizer)
Humatrope (Eli Lilly)
Norditropin (Novo Nordisk)
Nutropin (Genentech Inc.)
NutropinAQ (Genentech Inc.)
Protropin (Genentech Inc.)
Saizen (Serono SA)
Serostim
Serostim (Serono SA)
Tev-Tropin (GATE)
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Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Anabolic Agents
  • Hormone Replacement Agents
CAS number 12629-01-5
Taxonomy
Kingdom Not Available
Classes Not Available
Substructures Not Available
Pharmacology
Indication For treatment of dwarfism, acromegaly and prevention of HIV-induced weight loss
Pharmacodynamics Used in the treatment of dwarfism and growth failure, growth hormone (hGH) stimulates skeletal growth in pediatric patients with growth failure due to a lack of adequate secretion of endogenous GH. Skeletal growth is accomplished at the epiphyseal plates at the ends of a growing bone. Growth and metabolism of epiphyseal plate cells are directly stimulated by GH and one of its mediators, IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor).
Mechanism of action hGH binds to the human growth hormone receptor (GHR). Upon binding, hGH causes dimerization of GHR, activation of the GHR-associated JAK2 tyrosine kinase, and tyrosyl phosphorylation of both JAK2 and GHR. These events recruit and/or activate a variety of signaling molecules, including MAP kinases, insulin receptor substrates, phosphatidylinositol 3' phosphate kinase, diacylglycerol, protein kinase C, intracellular calcium, and Stat transcription factors. These signaling molecules contribute to the GH-induced changes in enzymatic activity, transport function, and gene expression that ultimately culminate in changes in growth and metabolism.
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination Although calcium excretion in the urine is increased, there is a simultaneous increase in calcium absorption from the intestine. Somatropin stimulates the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate and collagen, and increases the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline.
Half life Not Available
Clearance
  • 2.3 +/- 1.8 mL/min/kg [GHD patients (IV 33 ng/kg/min)]
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Genentech inc
  • Serono laboratories inc
  • Cangene corp
  • Ferring pharmaceuticals inc
  • Pharmacia and upjohn co
  • Eli lilly and co
  • Novo nordisk inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Emd serono inc
  • Lg life sciences ltd
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Subcutaneous
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Humatrope 24 mg cartridge 1822.9 USD cartridge
Norditropin flexpro 15 mg/1.5 1179.54 USD ml
Norditropin 15 mg/1.5ml Solution 1.5ml Cartridge 1168.32 USD cartridge
Norditropin NordiFlex Pen 15 mg/1.5ml Solution 1 Syringe = 1.5ml 1168.32 USD pen
Norditropin 15 mg/1.5 ml cartridge 1123.38 USD ml
Norditropin nordiflx 15 mg/1.5 1123.38 USD ml
Genotropin 12 mg Solution 928.36 USD each
Humatrope 12 mg cartridge 911.45 USD cartridge
Nutropin 10 mg vial 784.7 USD vial
Nutropin aq 20 mg/2ml pen cart 759.55 USD ml
Nutropin aq nuspin 20 pen cart 759.55 USD ml
Norditropin NordiFlex Pen 10 mg/1.5ml Solution 1 Syringe = 1.5ml 753.86 USD pen
Norditropin nordiflex 30 mg/3 748.92 USD ml
Saizen 8.8 mg Solution Vial 626.1 USD vial
Saizen Click.Easy 8.8 mg Solution Vial 626.1 USD vial
Saizen 8.8 mg vial 602.02 USD vial
Protropin 10 mg Solution Vial 549.9 USD vial
Humatrope 6 mg cartridge 455.72 USD cartridge
Genotropin MiniQuick 0.8 mg (7 Cartridges Per Box) 433.56 USD box
Serostim 8.8 mg vial 418.66 USD vial
Nutropin 5 mg vial 392.35 USD vial
Saizen 5 mg Solution Vial 391.31 USD vial
Genotropin 5.8 mg Cartridge 391.21 USD cartridge
Norditropin 5 mg/1.5ml Solution 1.5ml Cartridge 389.44 USD cartridge
Norditropin NordiFlex Pen 5 mg/1.5ml Solution 1 Syringe = 1.5ml 389.44 USD pen
Saizen 5 mg vial 376.26 USD vial
Serostim 6 mg vial 332.86 USD vial
Genotropin MiniQuick 0.6 mg (7 Cartridges Per Box) 326.67 USD box
Omnitrope 5.8 mg Solution Vial 283.38 USD vial
Serostim 5 mg vial 277.38 USD vial
Protropin 5 mg Solution Vial 274.95 USD vial
Tev-Tropin 5 mg Solution Vial 259.45 USD vial
Tev-tropin 5 mg vial 239.51 USD vial
Genotropin MiniQuick 0.4 mg (7 Cartridges Per Box) 228.45 USD box
Serostim 4 mg vial 221.9 USD vial
Genotropin MiniQuick 2 mg (7 Cartridges Per Box) 154.72 USD cartridge
Genotropin miniquick 2 mg 150.46 USD each
Genotropin miniquick 1.8 mg 135.41 USD each
Genotropin MiniQuick 1.6 mg (7 Cartridges Per Box) 123.78 USD cartridge
Genotropin miniquick 1.6 mg 120.37 USD each
Genotropin MiniQuick 0.2 mg (7 Cartridges Per Box) 110.52 USD box
Genotropin MiniQuick 1.4 mg (7 Cartridges Per Box) 108.78 USD cartridge
Genotropin miniquick 1.4 mg 105.32 USD each
Genotropin MiniQuick 1.2 mg (7 Cartridges Per Box) 92.83 USD cartridge
Genotropin miniquick 1.2 mg 90.28 USD each
Genotropin MiniQuick 1 mg (7 Cartridges Per Box) 77.36 USD cartridge
Genotropin miniquick 1 mg 75.23 USD each
Genotropin miniquick 0.8 mg 60.19 USD each
Genotropin miniquick 0.6 mg 45.14 USD each
Genotropin miniquick 0.4 mg 30.09 USD each
Genotropin miniquick 0.2 mg 15.05 USD each
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Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires (estimated)
United States 6152897 1998-11-20 2018-11-20
United States 5288703 1994-10-07 2011-10-07
Canada 2252535 2009-06-23 2017-04-24
Canada 1326439 1994-01-25 2011-01-25
Properties
State liquid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 76 °C at pH 3.5 Gomez-Orellana, I. et al., Protein Sci. 7:1352-1358 (1998)
hydrophobicity -0.411 Not Available
isoelectric point 5.27 Not Available
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Seltzer V, Tonge SR: Proceedings: Methylamphetamine withdrawal as a model for the depressive state: antagonism of post-amphetamine depression by imipramine. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1975 Dec;27 Suppl?-2:16P. Pubmed
  2. Alba-Roth J, Muller OA, Schopohl J, von Werder K: Arginine stimulates growth hormone secretion by suppressing endogenous somatostatin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988 Dec;67(6):1186-9. Pubmed
  3. Scarth JP: Modulation of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor (GH-IGF) axis by pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and environmental xenobiotics: an emerging role for xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and the transcription factors regulating their expression. A review. Xenobiotica. 2006 Feb-Mar;36(2-3):119-218. Pubmed
  4. Takahashi Y, Kipnis DM, Daughaday WH: Growth hormone secretion during sleep. J Clin Invest. 1968 Sep;47(9):2079-90. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
UniProt P58756 Link_out
Genbank AF374232 Link_out
PharmGKB PA451446 Link_out
Drug Product Database 2243079 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/nutropin.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/somatropin-rdna-origin-nonrefrigerated.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatropin_recombinant Link_out
ATC Codes
  • H01AC01
AHFS Codes Not Available
PDB Entries
FDA label show (241 KB)
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acarbose Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of acarbose. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Chlorpropamide Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of chlorpropamide. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Exenatide Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of exenatide. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Gliclazide Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of gliclazide. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Glimepiride Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of glimepiride. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Glipizide Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of glipizide. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Glyburide Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of glibenclamide. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Insulin Aspart Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of insulin aspart. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Insulin Detemir Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of insulin detemir. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Insulin Glargine Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of insulin glargine. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Insulin Glulisine Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of insulin glulisine. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Liraglutide Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of liraglutide. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Metformin Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of metformin. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Miglitol Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of miglitol. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Nateglinide Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of nateglinide. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Pioglitazone Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of pioglitazone. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Rosiglitazone Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of rosiglitazone. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Saxagliptin Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of saxagliptin. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Sitagliptin Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of sitagliptin. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Tolazamide Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of Tolazamide. Dose adjustments of Tolazamide may be required.
Tolbutamide Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of Tolbutamide. Dose adjustments of Tolbutamide may be required.
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. Growth hormone receptor

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: binder

Isoform 2 up-regulates the production of GHBP and acts as a negative inhibitor of GH signaling

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P10912 Link_out
Gene: GHR Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Walenkamp MJ, Wit JM: Genetic disorders in the growth hormone – insulin-like growth factor-I axis. Horm Res. 2006;66(5):221-30. Pubmed
  2. Wu XY, Xu Z, Chen C, Liu FK, Li JS: [Correlation of growth hormone receptor expression to preoperative radiosensitivity of rectal cancer patients] Ai Zheng. 2006 Sep;25(9):1162-7. Pubmed
  3. Adriani M, Garbi C, Amodio G, Russo I, Giovannini M, Amorosi S, Matrecano E, Cosentini E, Candotti F, Pignata C: Functional interaction of common gamma-chain and growth hormone receptor signaling apparatus. J Immunol. 2006 Nov 15;177(10):6889-95. Pubmed
  4. Choi JH, Kim HS, Kim SH, Yang YR, Bae YS, Chang JS, Kwon HM, Ryu SH, Suh PG: Phospholipase Cgamma1 negatively regulates growth hormone signalling by forming a ternary complex with Jak2 and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B. Nat Cell Biol. 2006 Dec;8(12):1389-97. Epub 2006 Nov 26. Pubmed
  5. Bernstein RM, Leigh SR, Donovan SM, Monaco MH: Hormones and body size evolution in papionin primates. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2007 Feb;132(2):247-60. Pubmed
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

2. Prolactin receptor

Pharmacological action: yes

This is a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P16471 Link_out
Gene: PRLR Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Keeler C, Jablonski EM, Albert YB, Taylor BD, Myszka DG, Clevenger CV, Hodsdon ME: The kinetics of binding human prolactin, but not growth hormone, to the prolactin receptor vary over a physiologic pH range. Biochemistry. 2007 Mar 6;46(9):2398-410. Epub 2007 Feb 6. Pubmed
  2. Ahmed TA, Buzzelli MD, Lang CH, Capen JB, Shumate ML, Navaratnarajah M, Nagarajan M, Cooney RN: Interleukin-6 inhibits growth hormone-mediated gene expression in hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007 Jun;292(6):G1793-803. Epub 2007 Mar 29. Pubmed
  3. Moderscheim TA, Gorba T, Pathipati P, Kokay IC, Grattan DR, Williams CE, Scheepens A: Prolactin is involved in glial responses following a focal injury to the juvenile rat brain. Neuroscience. 2007 Mar 30;145(3):963-73. Epub 2007 Feb 20. Pubmed
  4. Cunningham BC, Bass S, Fuh G, Wells JA: Zinc mediation of the binding of human growth hormone to the human prolactin receptor. Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1709-12. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on June 14, 2012 13:52