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Identification
Name Sildenafil
Accession Number DB00203 (APRD00556)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Sildenfail is a vasoactive agent used to treat erectile dysfunction and reduce symptoms in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Sildenafil elevates levels of the second messenger, cGMP, by inhibiting its breakdown via phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). PDE5 is found in particularly high concentrations in the corpus cavernosum, erectile tissue of the penis. It is also found in the retina and vascular endothelium. Increased cGMP results in vasodilation which facilitates generation and maintenance of an erection. The vasodilatory effects of sildenafil also help reduce symptoms of PAH.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
Sildenafil Citrate
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Revatio Pfizer
Viagra Pfizer
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Vasodilator Agents
  • Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
CAS number 139755-83-2
Weight Average: 474.576
Monoisotopic: 474.204924168
Chemical Formula C22H30N6O4S
InChI Key InChIKey=BNRNXUUZRGQAQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C22H30N6O4S/c1-5-7-17-19-20(27(4)25-17)22(29)24-21(23-19)16-14-15(8-9-18(16)32-6-2)33(30,31)28-12-10-26(3)11-13-28/h8-9,14H,5-7,10-13H2,1-4H3,(H,23,24,29)
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H,4H,7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one
SMILES
CCCC1=NN(C)C2=C1NC(=NC2=O)C1=C(OCC)C=CC(=C1)S(=O)(=O)N1CCN(C)CC1
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Benzenesulfonamides
Substructures
  • Pyrazoles
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Sulfonyls
  • Piperazines
  • Ethers
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Benzenesulfonamides
  • Pyrimidines and Derivatives
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anisoles
  • Sulfonamides
  • Imines
  • Cyanamides
  • Phenyl Esters
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of erectile dysfunction and to relieve symptoms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
Pharmacodynamics Erections are controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system. Upon sexual stimulation, a decrease in vascular resistance is mediated by acetylcholine and nitric oxide resulting in vasodilation. The hemodynamic mechanism of an erection is comprised of five stages. During the latent stage, arterial and carvernous smooth muscle relaxation occurs. Vasodilation results in high levels of blood flow causing the penis to grow to its full size. This stage is called tumescence. During the full-erection stage, blood flow fills penis sinusoids and outflow is restricted. This is followed by the rigid-erection phase during which the cavernous muscles contract causing the penis to become rigid. Little blood flow occurs during this stage. During the final stage, detumescence, the cavernous muscles relax and blood flows out of the penis. Erectile dysfunction may occur when there is insufficient blood supply to the penis or when the penis is unable to prevent outflow of blood from the penis. Sildenafil is a specific inhibitor of PDE5, an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cGMP to 5’-GMP. Increased levels of cGMP stimulate vasodilation and facilitate the generation and maintenance of erections. These vasodilatory effects also help decrease symptoms of PAH. Sildenfail also exhibits some activity against PDE6 (10 times less potentcy compared to PDE5), a PDE isoform found predmoninantly in the retina. This activity is responsible for the blue tinged vision experienced by users of sildenafil.
Mechanism of action Sildenafil inhibits the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) which is responsible for degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum located around the penis. Penile erection during sexual stimulation is caused by increased penile blood flow resulting from the relaxation of penile arteries and corpus cavernosal smooth muscle. This response is mediated by the release of nitric oxide (NO) from nerve terminals and endothelial cells, which stimulates the synthesis of cGMP in smooth muscle cells. Cyclic GMP causes smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow into the corpus cavernosum. The inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) by sildenafil enhances erectile function by increasing the amount of cGMP.
Absorption >90% absorbed with ~40% reaching systemic circulation unchanged following first-pass metabolism
Volume of distribution
  • 105 L
Protein binding 96%
Metabolism Sildenafil appears to be completely metabolized in the liver to 16 metabolites. Its metabolism is mediated mainly by cytochrome P450 microsomal isozymes 3A4 (major route) and 2C9 (minor route). The major circulating metabolite, N-demethylated metabolite, has PDE selectivity similar to the parent drug and ~50% of its in vitro potency. The N-demethylated metabolite is further metabolized to an N-dealkylated N,N-de-ethylated metabolite. Sildenafil also undergoes N-dealkylation followed by N-demethylation of the piperazine ring.
Route of elimination Sildenafil is cleared predominantly by the CYP3A (major route) and cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9, minor route) hepatic microsomal isoenzymes. After either oral or intravenous administration, sildenafil is excreted as metabolites predominantly in the feces (approximately 80% of the administered oral dose) and to a lesser extent in the urine (approximately 13% of the administered oral dose).
Half life 4 hours
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Pfizer inc
  • Pfizer ireland pharmaceuticals
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Tablet, film coated Oral 100 mg
Tablet, film coated Oral 20 mg
Tablet, film coated Oral 25 mg
Tablet, film coated Oral 50 mg
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Sildenafil citrate powder 24.38 USD g
Viagra 50 mg tablet 19.45 USD tablet
Viagra 100 mg tablet 19.45 USD tablet
Viagra 25 mg tablet 19.45 USD tablet
Revatio 20 mg tablet 17.5 USD tablet
Revatio 10 mg/12.5 ml vial 9.33 USD ml
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires (estimated)
United States 6469012 1999-10-22 2019-10-22
United States 5250534 1995-03-27 2012-03-27
Canada 2324324 2005-12-20 2020-10-26
Canada 2044748 1998-02-03 2011-06-17
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 189-190 °C Not Available
water solubility 3.5 mg/mL Not Available
logP 1.9 Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 4.33e-01 g/l ALOGPS
logP 2.35 ALOGPS
logP 1.65 ChemAxon
logS -3 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 7.27 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 5.97 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 8 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 1 ChemAxon
polar surface area 109.13 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 6 ChemAxon
refractivity 139.44 ChemAxon
polarizability 51.18 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Boolell M, Allen MJ, Ballard SA, Gepi-Attee S, Muirhead GJ, Naylor AM, Osterloh IH, Gingell C: Sildenafil: an orally active type 5 cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 1996 Jun;8(2):47-52. Pubmed
  2. Cheitlin MD, Hutter AM Jr, Brindis RG, Ganz P, Kaul S, Russell RO Jr, Zusman RM: ACC/AHA expert consensus document. Use of sildenafil (Viagra) in patients with cardiovascular disease. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Jan;33(1):273-82. Pubmed
  3. Fries R, Shariat K, von Wilmowsky H, Bohm M: Sildenafil in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon resistant to vasodilatory therapy. Circulation. 2005 Nov 8;112(19):2980-5. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D02229 Link_out
KEGG Compound C07259 Link_out
PubChem Compound 5212 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46508371 Link_out
ChemSpider 5023 Link_out
BindingDB 14390 Link_out
ChEBI 9139 Link_out
ChEMBL 9139 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000614 Link_out
PharmGKB PA451346 Link_out
Drug Product Database 2239766 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/viagra.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/sildenafil.html Link_out
PDRhealth http://www.pdrhealth.com/drugs/rx/rx-mono.aspx?contentFileName=via1479.html&contentName=Viagra&contentId=818 Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sildenafil Link_out
ATC Codes
  • G04BE03
AHFS Codes
  • 24:12.12
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label show (80.5 KB)
MSDS show (37.1 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Amprenavir The protease inhibitor, amprenavir, may increase the effect and toxicity of sildenafil.
Asenapine Increased incidence of adverse effects (hypotension) due to pharmacodynamic synergism. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Atazanavir Increases the effect and toxicity of sildenafil
Cimetidine Increases the effect and toxicity of sildenafil
Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin may increase the serum level of sildenafil.
Clarithromycin Increases the effect and toxicity of sildenafil
Conivaptan CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Strong) such as conivaptan may increase the serum concentration of Sildenafil. When sildenanfil is used for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, concurrent use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors is not recommended. When sildenafil is used for treatment of erectile dysfunction, consider using a lower starting dose of 25 mg in patients who are also taking a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Due to the particularly strong effects of ritonavir, sildenafil (for erectile dysfunction) doses greater than 25 mg per 48 hours are not recommended. Of note, the interaction between CYP3A4 inhibitors and sildenafil is predicted to be greater with orally administered than with injected sildenafil.
Erythromycin The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of sildenafil.
Fosamprenavir The protease inhibitor, fosamprenavir, may increase the effect and toxicity of sildenafil.
Indinavir The protease inhibitor, indinavir, may increase the effect and toxicity of sildenafil.
Isosorbide Dinitrate Possible significant hypotension with this combination
Isosorbide Mononitrate Possible significant hypotension with this combination
Itraconazole Itraconazole may increase the effect and toxicity of sildenafil.
Ketoconazole Ketoconazole may increase the effect and toxicity of sildenafil.
Nelfinavir The protease inhibitor, nelfinavir, may increase the effect and toxicity of sildenafil.
Nitroglycerin Possible significant hypotension with this combination
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Possible significant hypotension with this combination
Telithromycin Telithromycin may reduce clearance of Sildenafil. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Sildenafil if Telithromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Terazosin Increased risk of hypotension.
Tipranavir Tipranavir, co-administered with Ritonavir, may increase the concentration of Sildenafil. Alternate therapy should be considered.
Vigabatrin Increased anticonvulsant effects of vigabatrin due to pharmacodynamic synergism. Monitor for adverse effects during concomitant therapy.
Voriconazole Voriconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of sildenafil by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of sildenafil if voriconazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. This phosphodiesterase catalyzes the specific hydrolysis of cGMP to 5'- GMP

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O76074 Link_out
Gene: PDE5A Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Carson CC: Long-term use of sildenafil. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2003 Mar;4(3):397-405. Pubmed
  2. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  3. Corbin JD, Francis SH, Webb DJ: Phosphodiesterase type 5 as a pharmacologic target in erectile dysfunction. Urology. 2002 Sep;60(2 Suppl 2):4-11. Pubmed
  4. Kruuse C, Thomsen LL, Birk S, Olesen J: Migraine can be induced by sildenafil without changes in middle cerebral artery diameter. Brain. 2003 Jan;126(Pt 1):241-7. Pubmed
  5. Rybalkin SD, Rybalkina IG, Shimizu-Albergine M, Tang XB, Beavo JA: PDE5 is converted to an activated state upon cGMP binding to the GAF A domain. EMBO J. 2003 Feb 3;22(3):469-78. Pubmed
  6. Wang H, Liu Y, Huai Q, Cai J, Zoraghi R, Francis SH, Corbin JD, Robinson H, Xin Z, Lin G, Ke H: Multiple conformations of phosphodiesterase-5: implications for enzyme function and drug development. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 28;281(30):21469-79. Epub 2006 May 30. Pubmed
  7. Wang H, Ye M, Robinson H, Francis SH, Ke H: Conformational variations of both phosphodiesterase-5 and inhibitors provide the structural basis for the physiological effects of vardenafil and sildenafil. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;73(1):104-10. Epub 2007 Oct 24. Pubmed
  8. Wang J, Re J, Wang Z: [Mode of action of sildenafil] Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 1999 Dec;21(6):493-6. Pubmed
  9. Zoraghi R, Francis SH, Corbin JD: Critical amino acids in phosphodiesterase-5 catalytic site that provide for high-affinity interaction with cyclic guanosine monophosphate and inhibitors. Biochemistry. 2007 Nov 27;46(47):13554-63. Epub 2007 Nov 3. Pubmed

2. Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma

Pharmacological action: no
Actions: inhibitor

Participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. cGMP-PDEs are the effector molecules in G-protein-mediated phototransduction in vertebrate rods and cones

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P18545 Link_out
Gene: PDE6G Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Uckert S, Hedlund P, Andersson KE, Truss MC, Jonas U, Stief CG: Update on phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes as pharmacologic targets in urology: present and future. Eur Urol. 2006 Dec;50(6):1194-207; discussion 1207. Epub 2006 Jun 6. Pubmed

3. Retinal cone rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma

Pharmacological action: no
Actions: inhibitor

Participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. cGMP-PDEs are the effector molecules in G-protein-mediated phototransduction in vertebrate rods and cones

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q13956 Link_out
Gene: PDE6H Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Uckert S, Hedlund P, Andersson KE, Truss MC, Jonas U, Stief CG: Update on phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes as pharmacologic targets in urology: present and future. Eur Urol. 2006 Dec;50(6):1194-207; discussion 1207. Epub 2006 Jun 6. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ku HY, Ahn HJ, Seo KA, Kim H, Oh M, Bae SK, Shin JG, Shon JH, Liu KH: The contributions of cytochromes P450 3A4 and 3A5 to the metabolism of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors sildenafil, udenafil, and vardenafil. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Jun;36(6):986-90. Epub 2008 Feb 28. Pubmed
  2. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  3. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  4. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
  5. Hyland R, Roe EG, Jones BC, Smith DA: Identification of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the N-demethylation of sildenafil. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Mar;51(3):239-48. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 3A5

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20815 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ku HY, Ahn HJ, Seo KA, Kim H, Oh M, Bae SK, Shin JG, Shon JH, Liu KH: The contributions of cytochromes P450 3A4 and 3A5 to the metabolism of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors sildenafil, udenafil, and vardenafil. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Jun;36(6):986-90. Epub 2008 Feb 28. Pubmed
  2. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.

3. Cytochrome P450 3A7

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P24462 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.

4. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan

UniProt ID: P11712 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C9
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
  3. Hyland R, Roe EG, Jones BC, Smith DA: Identification of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the N-demethylation of sildenafil. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Mar;51(3):239-48. Pubmed

5. Cytochrome P450 2C19

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine

UniProt ID: P33261 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C19 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

6. Cytochrome P450 2D6

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants

UniProt ID: P10635 Link_out
Gene: CYP2D6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

7. Cytochrome P450 1A1

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P04798 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

8. Cytochrome P450 2E1

Actions: inhibitor

Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms

UniProt ID: P05181 Link_out
Gene: CYP2E1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4

Actions: inhibitor

May be an organic anion pump relevant to cellular detoxification

UniProt ID: O15439 Link_out
Gene: ABCC4 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chen ZS, Lee K, Walther S, Raftogianis RB, Kuwano M, Zeng H, Kruh GD: Analysis of methotrexate and folate transport by multidrug resistance protein 4 (ABCC4): MRP4 is a component of the methotrexate efflux system. Cancer Res. 2002 Jun 1;62(11):3144-50. Pubmed
  2. Reid G, Wielinga P, Zelcer N, De Haas M, Van Deemter L, Wijnholds J, Balzarini J, Borst P: Characterization of the transport of nucleoside analog drugs by the human multidrug resistance proteins MRP4 and MRP5. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 May;63(5):1094-103. Pubmed

2. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5

Actions: inhibitor

Acts as a multispecific organic anion pump which can transport nucleotide analogs

UniProt ID: O15440 Link_out
Gene: ABCC5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Jedlitschky G, Burchell B, Keppler D: The multidrug resistance protein 5 functions as an ATP-dependent export pump for cyclic nucleotides. J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 29;275(39):30069-74. Pubmed
  2. Reid G, Wielinga P, Zelcer N, De Haas M, Van Deemter L, Wijnholds J, Balzarini J, Borst P: Characterization of the transport of nucleoside analog drugs by the human multidrug resistance proteins MRP4 and MRP5. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 May;63(5):1094-103. Pubmed

3. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7

Actions: inhibitor

ATP-dependent transporter probably involved in cellular detoxification through lipophilic anion extrusion

UniProt ID: Q5T3U5 Link_out
Gene: ABCC10 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chen ZS, Hopper-Borge E, Belinsky MG, Shchaveleva I, Kotova E, Kruh GD: Characterization of the transport properties of human multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7, ABCC10). Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Feb;63(2):351-8. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19