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Identification
Name Venlafaxine
Accession Number DB00285 (APRD00125)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Venlafaxine (Effexor) is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class first introduced by Wyeth in 1993. It is prescribed for the treatment of clinical depression and anxiety disorders. Due to the pronounced side effects and suspicions that venlafaxine may significantly increase the risk of suicide it is not recommended as a first line treatment of depression. However, it is often effective for depression not responding to SSRIs. Venlafaxine was the sixth most widely-used antidepressant based on the amount of retail prescriptions in the US (17.1 million) in 2006. [Wikipedia]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  • Venlafaxina [INN-Spanish]
  • Venlafaxine [INN:Ban]
  • Venlafaxinum [INN-Latin]
Brand names
  • Effexor
  • Effexor XR
  • Elafax
Brand name mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Antidepressants
  • Analgesics
  • Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
  • Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
CAS number 93413-69-5
Weight Average: 277.4018
Monoisotopic: 277.204179113
Chemical Formula C17H27NO2
InChI Key InChIKey=PNVNVHUZROJLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H27NO2/c1-18(2)13-16(17(19)11-5-4-6-12-17)14-7-9-15(20-3)10-8-14/h7-10,16,19H,4-6,11-13H2,1-3H3
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexan-1-ol
SMILES
COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(CN(C)C)C1(O)CCCCC1
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Ethers
  • Cumenes and Derivatives
  • Phenethylamines
  • Anisoles
Substructures
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Ethers
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Cumenes and Derivatives
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Alcohols and Polyols
  • Phenethylamines
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anisoles
  • Phenyl Esters
Pharmacology
Indication For the management of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (social phobia), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, and vasomotor symptoms in women with breast cancer and in postmenopausal women.
Pharmacodynamics Venlafaxine, an antidepressant agent structurally and pharmacologically unrelated to other antidepressants and agents used to treat generalized anxiety disorder, is used to treat melancholia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and hot flashes in breast cancer survivors.
Mechanism of action The exact mechanism of action of venlafaxine is unknown, but appears to be associated with the its potentiation of neurotrasmitter activity in the CNS. Venlafaxine and its active metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine with a potency greater for the 5-HT than for the NE reuptake process. Both venlafaxine and the ODV metabolite have weak inhibitory effects on the reuptake of dopamine but, unlike the tricyclics and similar to SSRIs, they are not active at histaminergic, muscarinic, or alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors.
Absorption Bioavailability is 45% following oral administration.
Volume of distribution
  • 7.5 ± 3.7 L/kg [venlafaxine]
  • 5.7 ± 1.8 L/kg [O-desmethylvenlafaxine(active metabolite)]
Protein binding venlafaxine, 27%; ODV, 30%
Metabolism

Undergoes extensive first pass metabolism in the liver to its major, active metabolite, ODV, and two minor, less active metabolites, N-desmethylvenlafaxine and N,O-didesmethylvenlafaxine. Formation of ODV is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, whereas N-demethylation is catalyzed by CYP3A4, 2C19 and 2C9. ODV possesses antidepressant activity that is comparable to that of venlfaxine.

Enzyme Metabolite Reaction Km Vmax
Cytochrome P450 2D6 N-Desmethylvenlafaxine N-demethylation
Cytochrome P450 2D6 O-Desmethylvenlafaxine O-demethylation 23.2 116.12
Cytochrome P450 3A4 O-Desmethylvenlafaxine O-demethylation
Cytochrome P450 2C9 O-Desmethylvenlafaxine O-demethylation
Cytochrome P450 2C19 O-Desmethylvenlafaxine O-demethylation
Route of elimination Renal elimination of venlafaxine and its metabolites is the primary route of excretion.
Half life 5 hours
Clearance
  • 1.3 +/- 0.6 L/h/kg
Toxicity Most patients overdosing with venlafaxine develop only mild symptoms. However, severe toxicity is reported with the most common symptoms being CNS depression, serotonin toxicity, seizure, or cardiac conduction abnormalities. Venlafaxine's toxicity appears to be higher than other SSRIs, with a fatal toxic dose closer to that of the tricyclic antidepressants than the SSRIs. Doses of 900 mg or more are likely to cause moderate toxicity. Deaths have been reported following large doses.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Wyeth pharmaceuticals inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Osmotica pharmaceutical corp
  • Actavis totowa llc
  • Amneal pharmaceuticals
  • Aurobindo pharma ltd
  • Caraco pharmaceutical laboratories ltd
  • Dr reddys laboratories ltd
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Pliva hrvatska doo
  • Sandoz inc
  • Vintage pharmaceuticals llc
  • Zydus pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Wyeth
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Capsule, extended release Oral 150 mg
Capsule, extended release Oral 37.5 mg
Capsule, extended release Oral 75 mg
Tablet Oral 100 mg
Tablet Oral 25 mg
Tablet Oral 37.5 mg
Tablet Oral 50 mg
Tablet Oral 75 mg
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Venlafaxine HCl 30 225 mg 24 Hour tablet Bottle 276.98 USD bottle
Effexor XR 30 37.5 mg 24 Hour Capsule Bottle 144.33 USD bottle
Venlafaxine HCl 30 37.5 mg 24 Hour tablet Bottle 114.46 USD bottle
Effexor 30 75 mg tablet Bottle 87.83 USD bottle
Effexor 30 25 mg tablet Bottle 74.82 USD bottle
Effexor XR 150 mg 24 Hour Capsule 5.87 USD capsule
Effexor xr 150 mg capsule 5.65 USD capsule
Effexor XR 75 mg 24 Hour Capsule 5.39 USD capsule
Effexor xr 75 mg capsule 4.76 USD capsule
Venlafaxine HCl 150 mg 24 Hour tablet 4.72 USD tablet
Effexor xr 37.5 mg capsule 4.63 USD capsule
Venlafaxine HCl 75 mg 24 Hour tablet 4.42 USD tablet
Effexor 100 mg tablet 2.92 USD tablet
Effexor 75 mg tablet 2.7 USD tablet
Effexor 50 mg tablet 2.6 USD tablet
Effexor 37.5 mg tablet 2.5 USD tablet
Effexor 25 mg tablet 2.4 USD tablet
Venlafaxine hcl 100 mg tablet 2.36 USD tablet
Venlafaxine hcl 75 mg tablet 2.23 USD tablet
Effexor Xr 150 mg Extended-Release Capsule 2.16 USD capsule
Venlafaxine hcl 50 mg tablet 2.1 USD tablet
Effexor Xr 75 mg Extended-Release Capsule 2.05 USD capsule
Venlafaxine hcl 37.5 mg tablet 2.04 USD tablet
Venlafaxine hcl 25 mg tablet 1.98 USD tablet
Apo-Venlafaxine Xr 150 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.2 USD capsule
Co Venlafaxine Xr 150 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.2 USD capsule
Mylan-Venlafaxine Xr 150 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.2 USD capsule
Novo-Venlafaxine Xr 150 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.2 USD capsule
Pms-Venlafaxine Xr 150 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.2 USD capsule
Ratio-Venlafaxine Xr 150 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.2 USD capsule
Sandoz Venlafaxine Xr 150 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.2 USD capsule
Apo-Venlafaxine Xr 75 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.14 USD capsule
Co Venlafaxine Xr 75 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.14 USD capsule
Mylan-Venlafaxine Xr 75 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.14 USD capsule
Novo-Venlafaxine Xr 75 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.14 USD capsule
Pms-Venlafaxine Xr 75 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.14 USD capsule
Ratio-Venlafaxine Xr 75 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.14 USD capsule
Sandoz Venlafaxine Xr 75 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.14 USD capsule
Effexor Xr 37.5 mg Extended-Release Capsule 1.02 USD capsule
Apo-Venlafaxine Xr 37.5 mg Extended-Release Capsule 0.57 USD capsule
Co Venlafaxine Xr 37.5 mg Extended-Release Capsule 0.57 USD capsule
Mylan-Venlafaxine Xr 37.5 mg Extended-Release Capsule 0.57 USD capsule
Novo-Venlafaxine Xr 37.5 mg Extended-Release Capsule 0.57 USD capsule
Pms-Venlafaxine Xr 37.5 mg Extended-Release Capsule 0.57 USD capsule
Ratio-Venlafaxine Xr 37.5 mg Extended-Release Capsule 0.57 USD capsule
Sandoz Venlafaxine Xr 37.5 mg Extended-Release Capsule 0.57 USD capsule
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires
United States 6274171 1997-09-20 2017-09-20
United States 5916923 1993-06-28 2013-06-28
Canada 2126305 2006-10-17 2014-06-20
Canada 2199778 2005-12-20 2017-03-12
Properties
State solid
Melting point 215-217oC (Hydrochloride salt)
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 572 mg/ml (Hydrochloride salt) PhysProp
logP 2.8 PhysProp
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 2.30e-01 g/l ALOGPS
logP 2.69 ALOGPS
logP 2.74 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -3.08 ALOGPS
pKa ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 3 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 1 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 32.70 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 5 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 83.02 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 32.33 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Golden RN, Nicholas L: Antidepressant efficacy of venlafaxine. Depress Anxiety. 2000;12 Suppl 1:45-9. Pubmed
  2. Thase ME, Clayton AH, Haight BR, Thompson AH, Modell JG, Johnston JA: A double-blind comparison between bupropion XL and venlafaxine XR: sexual functioning, antidepressant efficacy, and tolerability. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006 Oct;26(5):482-8. Pubmed
  3. Bielski RJ, Ventura D, Chang CC: A double-blind comparison of escitalopram and venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004 Sep;65(9):1190-6. Pubmed
  4. Rowbotham MC, Goli V, Kunz NR, Lei D: Venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain. 2004 Aug;110(3):697-706. Pubmed
  5. Ozyalcin SN, Talu GK, Kiziltan E, Yucel B, Ertas M, Disci R: The efficacy and safety of venlafaxine in the prophylaxis of migraine. Headache. 2005 Feb;45(2):144-52. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Compound C07187 Link_out
PubChem Compound 5656 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46504593 Link_out
ChemSpider 5454 Link_out
ChEBI 9943 Link_out
ChEMBL 9943 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000054 Link_out
PharmGKB PA451866 Link_out
Drug Product Database 2237279 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/venlafax.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/venlafaxine.html Link_out
PDRhealth http://www.pdrhealth.com/drugs/rx/rx-mono.aspx?contentFileName=eff1794.html&contentName=Effexor%20XR&contentId=277 Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venlafaxine Link_out
ATC Codes
  • N06AX16
  • N06AX23
AHFS Codes
  • 28:16.04.92
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label show (3.4 MB)
MSDS show (36.5 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Avoid St.John's Wort.
  • Take with food.
Targets

1. Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Terminates the action of serotonine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P31645 Link_out
Gene: SLC6A4 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chen F, Larsen MB, Sanchez C, Wiborg O: The S-enantiomer of R,S-citalopram, increases inhibitor binding to the human serotonin transporter by an allosteric mechanism. Comparison with other serotonin transporter inhibitors. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Mar;15(2):193-8. Pubmed
  2. Gould GG, Altamirano AV, Javors MA, Frazer A: A comparison of the chronic treatment effects of venlafaxine and other antidepressants on serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Mar 1;59(5):408-14. Epub 2005 Sep 2. Pubmed
  3. Shang Y, Gibbs MA, Marek GJ, Stiger T, Burstein AH, Marek K, Seibyl JP, Rogers JF: Displacement of serotonin and dopamine transporters by venlafaxine extended release capsule at steady state: a [123I]2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane single photon emission computed tomography imaging study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007 Feb;27(1):71-5. Pubmed
  4. Malizia AL, Melichar JM, Brown DJ, Gunn RN, Reynolds A, Jones T, Nutt DJ: Demonstration of clomipramine and venlafaxine occupation at serotonin reuptake sites in man in vivo. J Psychopharmacol. 1997;11(3):279-81. Pubmed
  5. Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely RD, Richelson E: Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 Dec 11;340(2-3):249-58. Pubmed
  6. Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Patterson B, Simpson W: Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder: an update. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2009;46(1):53-61. Pubmed
  7. Beique J, de Montigny C, Blier P, Debonnel G: Effects of sustained administration of the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine: I. in vivo electrophysiological studies in the rat. Neuropharmacology. 2000 Jul 24;39(10):1800-12. Pubmed
  8. Westenberg HG: Recent advances in understanding and treating social anxiety disorder. CNS Spectr. 2009 Feb;14(2 Suppl 3):24-33. Pubmed
  9. Sindrup SH, Otto M, Finnerup NB, Jensen TS: Antidepressants in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005 Jun;96(6):399-409. Pubmed

2. Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P23975 Link_out
Gene: SLC6A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Vaishnavi SN, Nemeroff CB, Plott SJ, Rao SG, Kranzler J, Owens MJ: Milnacipran: a comparative analysis of human monoamine uptake and transporter binding affinity. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Feb 1;55(3):320-2. Pubmed
  2. Mitchell HA, Ahern TH, Liles LC, Javors MA, Weinshenker D: The effects of norepinephrine transporter inactivation on locomotor activity in mice. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Nov 15;60(10):1046-52. Epub 2006 Aug 7. Pubmed
  3. Beique JC, Lavoie N, de Montigny C, Debonnel G: Affinities of venlafaxine and various reuptake inhibitors for the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998 May 15;349(1):129-32. Pubmed
  4. Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Patterson B, Simpson W: Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder: an update. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2009;46(1):53-61. Pubmed
  5. Beique J, de Montigny C, Blier P, Debonnel G: Effects of sustained administration of the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine: I. in vivo electrophysiological studies in the rat. Neuropharmacology. 2000 Jul 24;39(10):1800-12. Pubmed
  6. Westenberg HG: Recent advances in understanding and treating social anxiety disorder. CNS Spectr. 2009 Feb;14(2 Suppl 3):24-33. Pubmed
  7. Sindrup SH, Otto M, Finnerup NB, Jensen TS: Antidepressants in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005 Jun;96(6):399-409. Pubmed

3. Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor

Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q01959 Link_out
Gene: SLC6A3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Dawson LA, Nguyen HQ, Geiger A: Effects of venlafaxine on extracellular concentrations of 5-HT and noradrenaline in the rat frontal cortex: augmentation via 5-HT1A receptor antagonism. Neuropharmacology. 1999 Aug;38(8):1153-63. Pubmed
  2. Bourin M: [Psychopharmacological profile of venlafaxine] Encephale. 1999 Jun;25 Spec No 2:21-2; discussion 23-5. Pubmed
  3. Barkin RL, Fawcett J: The management challenges of chronic pain: the role of antidepressants. Am J Ther. 2000 Jan;7(1):31-47. Pubmed
  4. Lemke MR: [Antidepressant effects of dopamine agonists. Experimental and clinical findings] Nervenarzt. 2007 Jan;78(1):31-8. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2D6

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants

UniProt ID: P10635 Link_out
Gene: CYP2D6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  3. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
  4. Fogelman SM, Schmider J, Venkatakrishnan K, von Moltke LL, Harmatz JS, Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ: O- and N-demethylation of venlafaxine in vitro by human liver microsomes and by microsomes from cDNA-transfected cells: effect of metabolic inhibitors and SSRI antidepressants. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 May;20(5):480-90. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan

UniProt ID: P11712 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C9
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 2C19

Actions: substrate

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine

UniProt ID: P33261 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C19 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

5. Cytochrome P450 2B6

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20813 Link_out
Gene: CYP2B6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Actions: inhibitor

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out
Gene: ABCB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Weiss J, Dormann SM, Martin-Facklam M, Kerpen CJ, Ketabi-Kiyanvash N, Haefeli WE: Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by newer antidepressants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Apr;305(1):197-204. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on October 20, 2011 18:09

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.