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Showing drug card for Clozapine (DB00363)

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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:06:47
Primary Accession Number DB00363
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00470
Name Clozapine
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. Clozapin
Brand Names
  1. Asaleptin
  2. Clozaril
  3. Fazaclo ODT
  4. Iprox
  5. Leponex
  6. Lepotex
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name 3-chloro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5H-benzo[c][1,5]benzodiazepine
Chemical Formula C18H19ClN4
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 5786-21-0
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C18H19ClN4/c1-22-8-10-23(11-9-22)18-14-4-2-3-5-15(14)20-16-7-6-13(19)12-17(16)21-18/h2-7,12,21H,8-11H2,1H3
InChI Key ZUXABONWMNSFBN-UHFFFAOYAZ
KEGG Drug D00283 Link Image
KEGG Compound C06924 Link Image
PubChem Compound 2818 Link Image
PubChem Substance 7847349 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA449061 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02240669 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/clozapine.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/clo1089.shtml Link Image
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clozapine Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 326.8230
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 326.1298
State Solid
Melting Point 183-184 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 11.8 mg/L Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 1.53e-01 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 2.7 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 3.42 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -3.33 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point 7.5
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES CN1CCN(CC1)C1=C2C=CC=CC2=NC2=C(N1)C=C(Cl)C=C2
Canonical SMILES CN1CCN(CC1)C1=C2C=CC=CC2=NC2=C(N1)C=C(Cl)C=C2
Drug Category
  • Antipsychotic Agents
  • Antipsychotics
  • GABA Antagonists
  • Serotonin Antagonists
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 28:16.08.04
Indication For the management of severely ill schizophrenic patients who fail to respond adequately to standard drug treatment for schizophrenia
Pharmacology Clozapine is a psychotropic agent belonging to the chemical class of benzisoxazole derivatives and is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. Clozapine is a selective monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity for the serotonin Type 2 (5HT2), dopamine Type 2 (D2), 1 and 2 adrenergic, and H1 histaminergic receptors. Clozapine acts as an antagonist at other receptors, but with lower potency. Antagonism at receptors other than dopamine and 5HT2 with similar receptor affinities may explain some of the other therapeutic and side effects of Clozapine. Clozapine's antagonism of muscarinic M1-5 receptors may explain its anticholinergic effects. Clozapine's antagonism of histamine H1 receptors may explain the somnolence observed with this drug. Clozapine's antagonism of adrenergic a1 receptors may explain the orthostatic hypotension observed with this drug.
Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of Clozapine, as with other drugs used to treat schizophrenia, is unknown. However, it has been proposed that the drug's therapeutic activity in schizophrenia is mediated through a combination of dopamine Type 2 (D2) and serotonin Type 2 (5HT2) receptor antagonism.
Absorption Rapid and almost complete
Toxicity Not Available
Protein Binding 97% (bound to serum proteins)
Biotransformation Hepatic
Half Life 8 hours (range 4-12 hours)
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Alprazolam Increased risk of toxicity
Bromazepam Increased risk of toxicity
Caffeine Caffeine increases the effect and toxicity of clozapine
Carbamazepine Carbamazepine decreases the effect of clozapine, hematologic toxicity
Chlordiazepoxide Increased risk of toxicity
Cimetidine Cimetidine increases the effect of clozapine
Cinolazepam Increased risk of toxicity
Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin may increase clozapine serum levels
Citalopram The antidepressant increases the effect of clozapine
Clobazam Increased risk of toxicity
Clonazepam Increased risk of toxicity
Clorazepate Increased risk of toxicity
Diazepam Increased risk of toxicity
Donepezil Possible antagonism of action
Erythromycin Erythromycin increases the effect of clozapine
Estazolam Increased risk of toxicity
Ethotoin Hydantoin decreases the effect of clozapine
Flunitrazepam Increased risk of toxicity
Fluoxetine The antidepressant increases the effect of clozapine
Flurazepam Increased risk of toxicity
Fluvoxamine The antidepressant increases the effect of clozapine
Fosphenytoin Hydantoin decreases the effect of clozapine
Galantamine Possible antagonism of action
Halazepam Increased risk of toxicity
Haloperidol Increases the effect and toxicity of haloperidol
Josamycin Erythromycin increases the effect of clozapine
Ketazolam Increased risk of toxicity
Lamotrigine Lamotrigine increases the effect and toxicity of clozapine
Lisinopril Lisinopril increases the effect and toxicity of clozapine
Lorazepam Increased risk of toxicity
Mephenytoin Hydantoin decreases the effect of clozapine
Midazolam Increased risk of toxicity
Modafinil Modafinil increases the effect and toxicity of clozapine
Nitrazepam Increased risk of toxicity
Norfloxacin Ciprofloxacin may increase clozapine serum levels
Oxazepam Increased risk of toxicity
Phenytoin Hydantoin decreases the effect of clozapine
Prazepam Increased risk of toxicity
Quazepam Increased risk of toxicity
Rifabutin Rifabutin decreases the effect of clozapine
Rifampin Rifampin decreases the effect of clozapine
Ritonavir Ritonavir increases the effect and toxicity of clozapine
Rivastigmine Possible antagonism of action
Sertraline The antidepressant increases the effect of clozapine
Temazepam The benzodiazepine, Temazepam, may increase the adverse effects of Clozapine. Monitor for respiratory depression and hypotension if concomitant therapy is initiated.
Triazolam Increased risk of toxicity
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Limit caffeine intake (may reduce clozapine matabolism).
  • Take without regard to meals.
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Lane HY, Chang YC, Chang WH, Lin SK, Tseng YT, Jann MW: Effects of gender and age on plasma levels of clozapine and its metabolites: analyzed by critical statistics. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999 Jan;60(1):36-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Naheed M, Green B: Focus on clozapine. Curr Med Res Opin. 2001;17(3):223-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Vaddadi KS, Soosai E, Vaddadi G: Low blood selenium concentrations in schizophrenic patients on clozapine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;55(3):307-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Alvir JM, Lieberman JA, Safferman AZ, Schwimmer JL, Schaaf JA: Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Incidence and risk factors in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 15;329(3):162-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Drugs.com Link Image
  6. Wikipedia Link Image
  7. RxList Link Image
  8. PDRhealth Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
  2. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Targets
  1. D(1A) dopamine receptor
  2. Histamine H4 receptor
  3. 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor
  4. D(4) dopamine receptor
  5. Histamine H1 receptor
  6. 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor
  7. 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor
  8. D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon
  9. D(2) dopamine receptor
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP1A2
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P05177 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >P05177|CP1A2_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 1A2 - Homo sapiens (Human). 
MALSQSVPFSATELLLASAIFCLVFWVLKGLRPRVPKGLKSPPEPWGWPLLGHVLTLGKN
PHLALSRMSQRYGDVLQIRIGSTPVLVLSRLDTIRQALVRQGDDFKGRPDLYTSTLITDG
QSLTFSTDSGPVWAARRRLAQNALNTFSIASDPASSSSCYLEEHVSKEAKALISRLQELM
AGPGHFDPYNQVVVSVANVIGAMCFGQHFPESSDEMLSLVKNTHEFVETASSGNPLDFFP
ILRYLPNPALQRFKAFNQRFLWFLQKTVQEHYQDFDKNSVRDITGALFKHSKKGPRASGN
LIPQEKIVNLVNDIFGAGFDTVTTAISWSLMYLVTKPEIQRKIQKELDTVIGRERRPRLS
DRPQLPYLEAFILETFRHSSFLPFTIPHSTTRDTTLNGFYIPKKCCVFVNQWQVNHDPEL
WEDPSEFRPERFLTADGTAINKPLSEKMMLFGMGKRRCIGEVLAKWEIFLFLAILLQQLE
FSVPPGVKVDLTPIYGLTMKHARCEHVQARRFSIN
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 Name Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Enzyme 2 Gene Name CYP2D6
Enzyme 2 SwissProt ID P10635 Link Image
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >sp|P10635|CP2D6_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2D6 (EC 1.14.14.1) 
MGLEALVPLAVIVAIFLLLVDLMHRRQRWAARYPPGPLPLPGLGNLLHVDFQNTPYCFDQ
LRRRFGDVFSLQLAWTPVVVLNGLAAVREALVTHGEDTADRPPVPITQILGFGPRSQGVF
LARYGPAWREQRRFSVSTLRNLGLGKKSLEQWVTEEAACLCAAFANHSGRPFRPNGLLDK
AVSNVIASLTCGRRFEYDDPRFLRLLDLAQEGLKEESGFLREVLNAVPVLLHIPALAGKV
LRFQKAFLTQLDELLTEHRMTWDPAQPPRDLTEAFLAEMEKAKGNPESSFNDENLRIVVA
DLFSAGMVTTSTTLAWGLLLMILHPDVQRRVQQEIDDVIGQVRRPEMGDQAHMPYTTAVI
HEVQRFGDIVPLGMTHMTSRDIEVQGFRIPKGTTLITNLSSVLKDEAVWEKPFRFHPEHF
LDAQGHFVKPEAFLPFSAGRRACLGEPLARMELFLFFTSLLQHFSFSVPTGQPRPSHHGV
FAFLVSPSPYELCAVPR
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 23
Target 1 Name D(1A) dopamine receptor
Target 1 Synonyms Not Available
Target 1 Gene Name DRD1
Target 1 Protein Sequence >D(1A) dopamine receptor 
MRTLNTSAMDGTGLVVERDFSVRILTACFLSLLILSTLLGNTLVCAAVIRFRHLRSKVTN
FFVISLAVSDLLVAVLVMPWKAVAEIAGFWPFGSFCNIWVAFDIMCSTASILNLCVISVD
RYWAISSPFRYERKMTPKAAFILISVAWTLSVLISFIPVQLSWHKAKPTSPSDGNATSLA
ETIDNCDSSLSRTYAISSSVISFYIPVAIMIVTYTRIYRIAQKQIRRIAALERAAVHAKN
CQTTTGNGKPVECSQPESSFKMSFKRETKVLKTLSVIMGVFVCCWLPFFILNCILPFCGS
GETQPFCIDSNTFDVFVWFGWANSSLNPIIYAFNADFRKAFSTLLGCYRLCPATNNAIET
VSINNNGAAMFSSHHEPRGSISKECNLVYLIPHAVGSSEDLKKEEAAGIARPLEKLSPAL
SVILDYDTDVSLEKIQPITQNGQHPT
Target 1 Number of Residues 453
Target 1 Molecular Weight 49294
Target 1 Theoretical pI 8.34
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
dopamine receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 1 General Function Involved in dopamine receptor activity
Target 1 Specific Function This is one of the five types (D1 to D5) of receptors for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 24-49
  • 61-87
  • 97-119
  • 139-163
  • 193-218
  • 273-299
  • 313-337
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 30397 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21728 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name DRD1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Cell membrane
  • endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  • m
  • multi-pass membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1341 bp 
ATGAGGACTCTGAACACCTCTGCCATGGACGGGACTGGGCTGGTGGTGGAGAGGGACTTC
TCTGTTCGTATCCTCACTGCCTGTTTCCTGTCGCTGCTCATCCTGTCCACGCTCCTGGGG
AACACGCTGGTCTGTGCTGCCGTTATCAGGTTCCGACACCTGCGGTCCAAGGTGACCAAC
TTCTTTGTCATCTCCTTGGCTGTGTCAGATCTCTTGGTGGCCGTCCTGGTCATGCCCTGG
AAGGCAGTGGCTGAGATTGCTGGCTTCTGGCCCTTTGGGTCCTTCTGTAACATCTGGGTG
GCCTTTGACATCATGTGCTCCACTGCATCCATCCTCAACCTCTGTGTGATCAGCGTGGAC
AGGTATTGGGCTATCTCCAGCCCTTTCCGGTATGAGAGAAAGATGACCCCCAAGGCAGCC
TTCATCCTGATCAGTGTGGCATGGACCTTGTCTGTACTCATCTCCTTCATCCCAGTGCAG
CTCAGCTGGCACAAGGCAAAACCCACAAGCCCCTCTGATGGAAATGCCACTTCCCTGGCT
GAGACCATAGACAACTGTGACTCCAGCCTCAGCAGGACATATGCCATCTCATCCTCTGTA
ATAAGCTTTTACATCCCTGTGGCCATCATGATTGTCACCTACACCAGGATCTACAGGATT
GCTCAGAAACAAATACGGCGCATTGCGGCCTTGGAGAGGGCAGCAGTCCACGCCAAGAAT
TGCCAGACCACCACAGGTAATGGAAAGCCTGTCGAATGTTCTCAACCGGAAAGTTCTTTT
AAGATGTCCTTCAAAAGAGAAACTAAAGTCCTGAAGACTCTGTCGGTGATCATGGGTGTG
TTTGTGTGCTGTTGGCTACCTTTCTTCATCTTGAACTGCATTTTGCCCTTCTGTGGGTCT
GGGGAGACGCAGCCCTTCTGCATTGATTCCAACACCTTTGACGTGTTTGTGTGGTTTGGG
TGGGCTAATTCATCCTTGAACCCCATCATTTATGCCTTTAATGCTGATTTTCGGAAGGCA
TTTTCAACCCTCTTAGGATGCTACAGACTTTGCCCTGCGACGAATAATGCCATAGAGACG
GTGAGTATCAATAACAATGGGGCCGCGATGTTTTCCAGCCATCATGAGCCACGAGGCTCC
ATCTCCAAGGAGTGCAATCTGGTTTACCTGATCCCACATGCTGTGGGCTCCTCTGAGGAC
CTGAAAAAGGAGGAGGCAGCTGGCATCGCCAGACCCTTGGAGAAGCTGTCCCCAGCCCTA
TCGGTCATATTGGACTATGACACTGACGTCTCTCTGGAGAAGATCCAACCCATCACACAA
AACGGTCAGCACCCAACCTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID DRD1 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID DRD1 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:3020 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 5
Target 1 Locus 5q35.1
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Jin H, Xie Z, George SR, O'Dowd BF: Palmitoylation occurs at cysteine 347 and cysteine 351 of the dopamine D(1) receptor. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999 Dec 15;386(2-3):305-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Sunahara RK, Niznik HB, Weiner DM, Stormann TM, Brann MR, Kennedy JL, Gelernter JE, Rozmahel R, Yang YL, Israel Y, et al.: Human dopamine D1 receptor encoded by an intronless gene on chromosome 5. Nature. 1990 Sep 6;347(6288):80-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Dearry A, Gingrich JA, Falardeau P, Fremeau RT Jr, Bates MD, Caron MG: Molecular cloning and expression of the gene for a human D1 dopamine receptor. Nature. 1990 Sep 6;347(6288):72-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Zhou QY, Grandy DK, Thambi L, Kushner JA, Van Tol HH, Cone R, Pribnow D, Salon J, Bunzow JR, Civelli O: Cloning and expression of human and rat D1 dopamine receptors. Nature. 1990 Sep 6;347(6288):76-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Ohara K, Ulpian C, Seeman P, Sunahara RK, Van Tol HH, Niznik HB: Schizophrenia: dopamine D1 receptor sequence is normal, but has DNA polymorphisms. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1993 Feb;8(2):131-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 164
Target 2 Name Histamine H4 receptor
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. AXOR35
  2. G-protein coupled receptor 105
  3. GPCR105
  4. GPRv53
  5. HH4R
  6. SP9144
Target 2 Gene Name HRH4
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Histamine H4 receptor 
MPDTNSTINLSLSTRVTLAFFMSLVAFAIMLGNALVILAFVVDKNLRHRSSYFFLNLAIS
DFFVGVISIPLYIPHTLFEWDFGKEICVFWLTTDYLLCTASVYNIVLISYDRYLSVSNAV
SYRTQHTGVLKIVTLMVAVWVLAFLVNGPMILVSESWKDEGSECEPGFFSEWYILAITSF
LEFVIPVILVAYFNMNIYWSLWKRDHLSRCQSHPGLTAVSSNICGHSFRGRLSSRRSLSA
STEVPASFHSERQRRKSSLMFSSRTKMNSNTIASKMGSFSQSDSVALHQREHVELLRARR
LAKSLAILLGVFAVCWAPYSLFTIVLSFYSSATGPKSVWYRIAFWLQWFNSFVNPLLYPL
CHKRFQKAFLKIFCIKKQPLPSQHSRSVSS
Target 2 Number of Residues 396
Target 2 Molecular Weight 44496
Target 2 Theoretical pI 9.92
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 2 General Function Involved in rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Target 2 Specific Function The H4 subclass of histamine receptors could mediate the histamine signals in peripheral tissues. Displays a significant level of constitutive activity (spontaneous activity in the absence of agonist)
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 20-40
  • 53-73
  • 88-108
  • 132-152
  • 173-193
  • 305-325
  • 342-362
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 10241847 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9H3N8 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name HRH4_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 2 Gene Sequence >1173 bp 
ATGCCAGATACTAATAGCACAATCAATTTATCACTAAGCACTCGTGTTACTTTAGCATTT
TTTATGTCCTTAGTAGCTTTTGCTATAATGCTAGGAAATGCTTTGGTCATTTTAGCTTTT
GTGGTGGACAAAAACCTTAGACATCGAAGTAGTTATTTTTTTCTTAACTTGGCCATCTCT
GACTTCTTTGTGGGTGTGATCTCCATTCCTTTGTACATCCCTCACACGCTGTTCGAATGG
GATTTTGGAAAGGAAATCTGTGTATTTTGGCTCACTACTGACTATCTGTTATGTACAGCA
TCTGTATATAACATTGTCCTCATCAGCTATGATCGATACCTGTCAGTCTCAAATGCTGTG
TCTTATAGAACTCAACATACTGGGGTCTTGAAGATTGTTACTCTGATGGTGGTCGTTTGG
GTGCTGGCCTTCTTAGTGAATGGGCCAATGATTCTAGTTTCAGAGTCTTGGAAGGATGAA
GGTAGTGAATGTGAACCTGGATTTTTTTCGGAATGGTACATCCTTGCCATCACATCATTC
TTGGAATTCGTGATCCCAGTCATCTTAGTCGCTTATTTCAACATGAATATTTATTGGAGC
CTGTGGAAGCGTGATCGTCTCAGTAGGTGCCAAAGCCATCCTGGACTGACTGCTGTCTCT
TCCAACATCTGTGGACACTCATTCAGAGGTAGACTATCTTCAAGGAGATCTCTTTCTGCA
TCGACAGAAGTTCCTGCATCCTTTCATTCAGAGAGACGGAGGAGAAAGAGTAGTCTCATG
TTTTCCTCAAGAACCAAGATGAATAGCAATACAATTGCTTCCAAAATGGGTTCCTTCTCC
CAATCAGATTCTGTAGCTCTTCACCAAAGGGAACATGTTGAACTGCTTAGAGCCAGGAGA
TTAGCCAAGTCACTGGCCATTCTCTTAGGGGTTTTTGCTGTTTGCTGGGCTCCATATTCT
CTGTTCACAATTGTCCTTTCATTTTATTCCTCAGCAACAGGTCCTAAATCAGTTTGGTAT
AGAATTGCATTTTGGCTTCAGTGGTTCAATTCCTTTGTCAATCCTCTTTTGTATCCATTG
TGTCACAAGCGCTTTCAAAAGGCTTTCTTGAAAATATTTTGTATAAAAAAGCAACCTCTA
CCATCACAACACAGTCGGTCAGTATCTTCTTAA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID HRH4 Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID HRH4 Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:17383 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 18
Target 2 Locus 18q11.2
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Oda T, Morikawa N, Saito Y, Masuho Y, Matsumoto S: Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel type of histamine receptor preferentially expressed in leukocytes. J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 24;275(47):36781-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Nakamura T, Itadani H, Hidaka Y, Ohta M, Tanaka K: Molecular cloning and characterization of a new human histamine receptor, HH4R. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Dec 20;279(2):615-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Zhu Y, Michalovich D, Wu H, Tan KB, Dytko GM, Mannan IJ, Boyce R, Alston J, Tierney LA, Li X, Herrity NC, Vawter L, Sarau HM, Ames RS, Davenport CM, Hieble JP, Wilson S, Bergsma DJ, Fitzgerald LR: Cloning, expression, and pharmacological characterization of a novel human histamine receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Mar;59(3):434-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Morse KL, Behan J, Laz TM, West RE Jr, Greenfeder SA, Anthes JC, Umland S, Wan Y, Hipkin RW, Gonsiorek W, Shin N, Gustafson EL, Qiao X, Wang S, Hedrick JA, Greene J, Bayne M, Monsma FJ Jr: Cloning and characterization of a novel human histamine receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Mar;296(3):1058-66. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Smits RA, Lim HD, Stegink B, Bakker RA, de Esch IJ, Leurs R: Characterization of the histamine H4 receptor binding site. Part 1. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of dibenzodiazepine derivatives. J Med Chem. 2006 Jul 27;49(15):4512-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Adachi N, Liu K, Motoki A, Nishibori M, Arai T: Suppression of ischemia/reperfusion liver injury by histamine H4 receptor stimulation in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Aug 21;544(1-3):181-7. Epub 2006 Jun 29. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Sugata Y, Okano M, Fujiwara T, Matsumoto R, Hattori H, Yamamoto M, Nishibori M, Nishizaki K: Histamine H4 receptor agonists have more activities than H4 agonism in antigen-specific human T-cell responses. Immunology. 2007 Jun;121(2):266-75. Epub 2007 Mar 7. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 320
Target 3 Name 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. 5- HT1A
  2. 5-HT-1A
  3. G-21
  4. Serotonin receptor 1A
Target 3 Gene Name HTR1A
Target 3 Protein Sequence >5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor 
MDVLSPGQGNNTTSPPAPFETGGNTTGISDVTVSYQVITSLLLGTLIFCAVLGNACVVAA
IALERSLQNVANYLIGSLAVTDLMVSVLVLPMAALYQVLNKWTLGQVTCDLFIALDVLCC
TSSILHLCAIALDRYWAITDPIDYVNKRTPRRAAALISLTWLIGFLISIPPMLGWRTPED
RSDPDACTISKDHGYTIYSTFGAFYIPLLLMLVLYGRIFRAARFRIRKTVKKVEKTGADT
RHGASPAPQPKKSVNGESGSRNWRLGVESKAGGALCANGAVRQGDDGAALEVIEVHRVGN
SKEHLPLPSEAGPTPCAPASFERKNERNAEAKRKMALARERKTVKTLGIIMGTFILCWLP
FFIVALVLPFCESSCHMPTLLGAIINWLGYSNSLLNPVIYAYFNKDFQNAFKKIIKCKFC
RQ
Target 3 Number of Residues 429
Target 3 Molecular Weight 46107
Target 3 Theoretical pI 9.05
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 3 General Function Involved in rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Target 3 Specific Function This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
Target 3 Pathways Not Available
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function
Target 3 Signals
  • None
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • 37-62
  • 74-98
  • 110-132
  • 153-178
  • 192-217
  • 346-367
  • 379-403
Target 3 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein 189928 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08908 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name 5HT1A_HUMAN Link Image
Target 3 PDB ID Not Available
Target 3 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 3 Gene Sequence >1266 bp 
ATGGATGTGCTCAGCCCTGGTCAGGGCAACAACACCACATCACCACCGGCTCCCTTTGAG
ACCGGCGGCAACACTACTGGTATCTCCGACGTGACCGTCAGCTACCAAGTGATCACCTCT
CTGCTGCTGGGCACGCTCATCTTCTGCGCGGTGCTGGGCAATGCGTGCGTGGTGGCTGCC
ATCGCCTTGGAGCGCTCCCTGCAGAACGTGGCCAATTATCTTATTGGCTCTTTGGCGGTC
ACCGACCTCATGGTGTCGGTGTTGGTGCTGCCCATGGCCGCGCTGTATCAGGTGCTCAAC
AAGTGGACACTGGGCCAGGTAACCTGCGACCTGTTCATCGCCCTCGACGTGCTGTGCTGC
ACCTCATCCATCTTGCACCTGTGCGCCATCGCGCTGGACAGGTACTGGGCCATCACGGAC
CCCATCGACTACGTGAACAAGAGGACGCCCCGGCCGCGTGCGCTCATCTCGCTCACTTGG
CTTATTGGCTTCCTCATCTCTATCCCGCCCATCCTGGGCTGGCGCACCCCGGAAGACCGC
TCGGACCCCGACGCATGCACCATTAGCAAGGATCATGGCTACACTATCTATTCCACCTTT
GGAGCTTTCTACATCCCGCTGCTGCTCATGCTGGTTCTCTATGGGCGCATATTCCGAGCT
GCGCGCTTCCGCATCCGCAAGACGGTCAAAAAGGTGGAGAAGACCGGAGCGGACACCCGC
CATGGAGCATCTCCCGCCCCGCAGCCCAAGAAGAGTGTGAATGGAGAGTCGGGGAGCAGG
AACTGGAGGCTGGGCGTGGAGAGCAAGGCTGGGGGTGCTCTGTGCGCCAATGGCGCGGTG
AGGCAAGGTGACGATGGCGCCGCCCTGGAGGTGATCGAGGTGCACCGAGTGGGCAACTCC
AAAGAGCACTTGCCTCTGCCCAGCGAGGCTGGTCCTACCCCTTGTGCCCCCGCCTCTTTC
GAGAGGAAAAATGAGCGCAACGCCGAGGCGAAGCGCAAGATGGCCCTGGCCCGAGAGAGG
AAGACAGTGAAGACGCTGGGCATCATCATGGGCACCTTCATCCTCTGCTGGCTGCCCTTC
TTCATCGTGGCTCTTGTTCTGCCCTTCTGCGAGAGCAGCTGCCACATGCCCACCCTGTTG
GGCGCCATAATCAATTGGCTGGGCTACTCCAACTCTCTGCTTAACCCCGTCATTTACGCA
TACTTCAACAAGGACTTTCAAAACGCGTTTAAGAAGATCATTAAGTGTAACTTCTGCCGC
CAGTGA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID HTR1A Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID HTR1A Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:5286 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location 5
Target 3 Locus 5q11.2-q13
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 General References
  1. Parks CL, Chang LS, Shenk T: A polymerase chain reaction mediated by a single primer: cloning of genomic sequences adjacent to a serotonin receptor protein coding region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Dec;19(25):7155-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kobilka BK, Frielle T, Collins S, Yang-Feng T, Kobilka TS, Francke U, Lefkowitz RJ, Caron MG: An intronless gene encoding a potential member of the family of receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins. Nature. 1987 Sep 3-9;329(6134):75-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Fargin A, Raymond JR, Lohse MJ, Kobilka BK, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ: The genomic clone G-21 which resembles a beta-adrenergic receptor sequence encodes the 5-HT1A receptor. Nature. 1988 Sep 22;335(6188):358-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Nakhai B, Nielsen DA, Linnoila M, Goldman D: Two naturally occurring amino acid substitutions in the human 5-HT1A receptor: glycine 22 to serine 22 and isoleucine 28 to valine 28. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 May 16;210(2):530-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Aune TM, McGrath KM, Sarr T, Bombara MP, Kelley KA: Expression of 5HT1a receptors on activated human T cells. Regulation of cyclic AMP levels and T cell proliferation by 5-hydroxytryptamine. J Immunol. 1993 Aug 1;151(3):1175-83. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Kawanishi Y, Harada S, Tachikawa H, Okubo T, Shiraishi H: Novel mutations in the promoter and coding region of the human 5-HT1A receptor gene and association analysis in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Sep 7;81(5):434-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 3 Drug References
  1. Hagino Y, Watanabe M: Effects of clozapine on the efflux of serotonin and dopamine in the rat brain: the role of 5-HT1A receptors. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2002 Dec;80(12):1158-66. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chou YH, Halldin C, Farde L: Occupancy of 5-HT1A receptors by clozapine in the primate brain: a PET study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Mar;166(3):234-40. Epub 2003 Feb 13. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Newman-Tancredi A, Rivet JM, Cussac D, Touzard M, Chaput C, Marini L, Millan MJ: Comparison of hippocampal G protein activation by 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists and the atypical antipsychotics clozapine and S16924. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;368(3):188-99. Epub 2003 Aug 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Zahorodna A, Bobula B, Grzegorzewska M, Tokarski K, Hess G: The influence of repeated administration of clozapine and haloperidol on the effects of the activation of 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(4) receptors in rat frontal cortex. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;55(2):371-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Tomic M, Kundakovic M, Butorovic B, Janac B, Andric D, Roglic G, Ignjatovic D, Kostic-Rajacic S: Pharmacological evaluation of selected arylpiperazines with atypical antipsychotic potential. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 Aug 16;14(16):4263-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 4 [top]
Target 4 ID 432
Target 4 Name D(4) dopamine receptor
Target 4 Synonyms
  1. D(2C) dopamine receptor
  2. Dopamine D4 receptor
Target 4 Gene Name DRD4
Target 4 Protein Sequence >D(4) dopamine receptor 
MGNRSTADADGLLAGRGPAAGASAGASAGLAGQGAAALVGGVLLIGAVLAGNSLVCVSVA
TERALQTPTNSFIVSLAAADLLLALLVLPLFVYSEVQGGAWLLSPRLCDALMAMDVMLCT
ASIFNLCAISVDRFVAVAVPLRYNRQGGSRRQLLLIGATWLLSAAVAAPVLCGLNDVRGR
DPAVCRLEDRDYVVYSSVCSFFLPCPLMLLLYWATFRGLQRWEVARRAKLHGRAPRRPSG
PGPPSPTPPAPRLPQDPCGPDCAPPAPGLPRGPCGPDCAPAAPGLPPDPCGPDCAPPAPG
LPQDPCGPDCAPPAPGLPRGPCGPDCAPPAPGLPQDPCGPDCAPPAPGLPPDPCGSNCAP
PDAVRAAALPPQTPPQTRRRRRAKITGRERKAMRVLPVVVGAFLLCWTPFFVVHITQALC
PACSVPPRLVSAVTWLGYVNSALNPVIYTVFNAEFRNVFRKALRACC
Target 4 Number of Residues 474
Target 4 Molecular Weight 48361
Target 4 Theoretical pI 8.37
Target 4 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
dopamine receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 4 General Function Cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning
Target 4 Specific Function This is one of the five types (D1 to D5) of receptors for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase
Target 4 Pathways Not Available
Target 4 Reactions Not Available
Target 4 Pfam Domain Function
Target 4 Signals
  • None
Target 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • 38-60
  • 71-93
  • 110-131
  • 152-175
  • 192-213
  • 395-417
  • 427-449
Target 4 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 4 GenBank ID Protein 291946 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21917 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name DRD4_HUMAN Link Image
Target 4 PDB ID Not Available
Target 4 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 4 Gene Sequence >1404 bp 
ATGGGGAACCGCAGCACCGCGGACGCGGACGGGCTGCTGGCTGGGCGCGGGCCGGCCGCG
GGGGCATCTGCGGGGGCATCTGCGGGGCTGGCTGGGCAGGGCGCGGCGGCGCTGGTGGGG
GGCGTGCTGCTCATCGGCGCGGTGCTCGCGGGGAACTCGCTCGTGTGCGTGAGCGTGGCC
ACCGAGCGCGCCCTGCAGACGCCCACCAACTCCTTCATCGTGAGCCTGGCGGCCGCCGAC
CTCCTCCTCGCTCTCCTGGTGCTGCCGCTCTTCGTCTACTCCGAGGTCCAGGGTGGCGCG
TGGCTGCTGAGCCCCCGCCTGTGCGACGCCCTCATGGCCATGGACGTCATGCTGTGCACC
GCCTCCATCTTCAACCTGTGCGCCATCAGCGTGGACAGGTTCGTGGCCGTGGCCGTGCCG
CTGCGCTACAACCGGCAGGGTGGGAGCCGCCGGCAGCTGCTGCTCATCGGCGCCACGTGG
CTGCTGTCCGCGGCGGTGGCGGCGCCCGTACTGTGCGGCCTCAACGACGTGCGCGGCCGC
GACCCCGCCGTGTGCCGCCTGGAGGACCGCGACTACGTGGTCTACTCGTCCGTGTGCTCC
TTCTTCCTACCCTGCCCGCTCATGCTGCTGCTCTACTGGGCCACGTTCCGCGGCCTGCAG
CGCTGGGAGGTGGCACGTCGCGCCAAGCTGCACGGCCGCGCGCCCCGCCGACCCAGCGGC
CCTGGCCCGCCTTCCCCCACGCCACCCGCGCCCCGCCTCCCCCAGGACCCCTGCGGCCCC
GACTGTGCGCCCCCCGCGCCCGGCCTTCCCCGGGGTCCCTGCGGCCCCGACTGTGCGCCC
GCCGCGCCCGGCCTCCCCCCGGACCCCTGCGGCCCCGACTGTGCGCCCCCCGCGCCCGGC
CTCCCCCAGGACCCCTGCGGCCCCGACTGTGCGCCCCCCGCGCCCGGCCTTCCCCGGGGT
CCCTGCGGCCCCGACTGTGCGCCCCCCGCGCCCGGCCTCCCCCAGGACCCCTGCGGCCCC
GACTGTGCGCCCCCCGCGCCCGGCCTCCCCCCGGACCCCTGCGGCTCCAACTGTGCTCCC
CCCGACGCCGTCAGAGCCGCCGCGCTCCCACCCCAGACTCCACCGCAGACCCGCAGGAGG
CGGCGTGCCAAGATCACCGGCCGGGAGCGCAAGGCCATGAGGGTCCTGCCGGTGGTGGTC
GGGGCCTTCCTGCTGTGCTGGACGCCCTTCTTCGTGGTGCACATCACGCAGGCGCTGTGT
CCTGCCTGCTCCGTGCCCCCGCGGCTGGTCAGCGCCGTCACCTGGCTGGGCTACGTCAAC
AGCGCCCTCAACCCCGTCATCTACACTGTCTTCAACGCCGAGTTCCGCAACGTCTTCCGC
AAGGCCCTGCGTGCCTGCTGCTGA
Target 4 GenBank Gene ID
Target 4 GeneCard ID DRD4 Link Image
Target 4 GenAtlas ID DRD4 Link Image
Target 4 HGNC ID HGNC:3025 Link Image
Target 4 Chromosome Location 11
Target 4 Locus 11p15.5
Target 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 4 General References
  1. Van Tol HH, Wu CM, Guan HC, Ohara K, Bunzow JR, Civelli O, Kennedy J, Seeman P, Niznik HB, Jovanovic V: Multiple dopamine D4 receptor variants in the human population. Nature. 1992 Jul 9;358(6382):149-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Livingstone CD, Strange PG, Naylor LH: Molecular modelling of D2-like dopamine receptors. Biochem J. 1992 Oct 1;287 ( Pt 1):277-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Van Tol HH, Bunzow JR, Guan HC, Sunahara RK, Seeman P, Niznik HB, Civelli O: Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D4 receptor with high affinity for the antipsychotic clozapine. Nature. 1991 Apr 18;350(6319):610-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Seeman P, Ulpian C, Chouinard G, Van Tol HH, Dwosh H, Lieberman JA, Siminovitch K, Liu IS, Waye J, Voruganti P, et al.: Dopamine D4 receptor variant, D4GLYCINE194, in Africans, but not in Caucasians: no association with schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 1994 Dec 15;54(4):384-90. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 4 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Patel S, Chapman KL, Marston D, Hutson PH, Ragan CI: Pharmacological and functional characterisation of dopamine D4 receptors in the rat retina. Neuropharmacology. 2003 Jun;44(8):1038-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Glatt SJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT: Schizophrenia is not associated with DRD4 48-base-pair-repeat length or individual alleles: results of a meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Sep 15;54(6):629-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Kuballa G, Nowak P, Labus L, Bortel A, Dabrowska J, Swoboda M, Kwiecinski A, Kostrzewa RM, Brus R: Central effects of nafadotride, a dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, in rats. Comparison with haloperidol and clozapine. Pharmacol Rep. 2005 Mar-Apr;57(2):161-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Nakane M, Cowart MD, Hsieh GC, Miller L, Uchic ME, Chang R, Terranova MA, Donnelly-Roberts DL, Namovic MT, Miller TR, Wetter JM, Marsh K, Stewart AO, Brioni JD, Moreland RB: 2-[4-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-1H benzoimidazole (A-381393), a selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist. Neuropharmacology. 2005 Jul;49(1):112-21. Epub 2005 Apr 1. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Zhao AL, Zhao JP, Zhang YH, Xue ZM, Chen JD, Chen XG: Dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III polymorphism and interindividual variation in response to clozapine. Int J Neurosci. 2005 Nov;115(11):1539-47. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 5 [top]
Target 5 ID 492
Target 5 Name Histamine H1 receptor
Target 5 Synonyms Not Available
Target 5 Gene Name HRH1
Target 5 Protein Sequence >Histamine H1 receptor 
MSLPNSSCLLEDKMCEGNKTTMASPQLMPLVVVLSTICLVTVGLNLLVLYAVRSERKLHT
VGNLYIVSLSVADLIVGAVVMPMNILYLLMSKWSLGRPLCLFWLSMDYVASTASIFSVFI
LCIDRYRSVQQPLRYLKYRTKTRASATILGAWFLSFLWVIPILGWNHFMQQTSVRREDKC
ETDFYDVTWFKVMTAIINFYLPTLLMLWFYAKIYKAVRQHCQHRELINRSLPSFSEIKLR
PENPKGDAKKPGKESPWEVLKRKPKDAGGGSVLKSPSQTPKEMKSPVVFSQEDDREVDKL
YCFPLDIVHMQAAAEGSSRDYVAVNRSHGQLKTDEQGLNTHGASEISEDQMLGDSQSFSR
TDSDTTTETAPGKGKLRSGSNTGLDYIKFTWKRLRSHSRQYVSGLHMNRERKAAKQLGFI
MAAFILCWIPYFIFFMVIAFCKNCCNEHLHMFTIWLGYINSTLNPLIYPLCNENFKKTFK
RILHIRS
Target 5 Number of Residues 495
Target 5 Molecular Weight 55785
Target 5 Theoretical pI 9.58
Target 5 GO Classification
Function
amine receptor activity
histamine receptor activity
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 5 General Function Involved in rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Target 5 Specific Function In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamine release from adrenal medulla, as well as mediating neurotransmission in the central nervous system
Target 5 Pathways Not Available
Target 5 Reactions Not Available
Target 5 Pfam Domain Function
Target 5 Signals
  • None
Target 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • 30-49
  • 64-83
  • 102-123
  • 146-165
  • 190-210
  • 419-438
  • 451-470
Target 5 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 5 GenBank ID Protein 510296 Link Image
Target 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P35367 Link Image
Target 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name HRH1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 5 PDB ID Not Available
Target 5 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 5 Gene Sequence >1464 bp 
ATGAGCCTCCCCAATTCCTCCTGCCTCTTAGAAGACAAGATGTGTGAGGGCAACAAGACC
ACTATGGCCAGCCCCCAGCTGATGCCCCTGGTGGTGGTCCTGAGCACTATCTGCTTGGTC
ACAGTAGGGCTCAACCTGCTGGTGCTGTATGCCGTACGGAGTGAGCGGAAGCTCCACACT
GTGGGGAACCTGTACATCGTCAGCCTCTCGGTGGCGGACTTGATCGTGGGTGCCGTCGTC
ATGCCTATGAACATCCTCTACCTGCTCATGTCCAAGTGGTCACTGGGCCGTCCTCTCTGC
CTCTTTTGGCTTTCCATGGACTATGTGGCCAGCACAGCGTCCATTTTCAGTGTCTTCATC
CTGTGCATTGATCGCTACCGCTCTGTCCAGCAGCCCCTCAGGTACCTTAAGTATCGTACC
AAGACCCGAGCCTCGGCCACCATTCTGGGGGCCTGGTTTCTCTCTTTTCTGTGGGTTATT
CCCATTCTAGGCTGGAATCACTTCATGCAGCAGACCTCGGTGCGCCGAGAGGACAAGTGT
GAGACAGACTTCTATGATGTCACCTGGTTCAAGGTCATGACTGCCATCATCAACTTCTAC
CTGCCCACCTTGCTCATGCTCTGGTTCTATGCCAAGATCTACAAGGCCGTACGACAACAC
TGCCAGCACCGGGAGCTCATCAATAGGTCCCTCCCTTCCTTCTCAGAAATTAAGCTGAGG
CCAGAGAACCCCAAGGGGGATGCCAAGAAACCAGGGAAGGAGTCTCCCTGGGAGGTTCTG
AAAAGGAAGCCAAAAGATGCTGGTGGTGGATCTGTCTTGAAGTCACCATCCCAAACCCCC
AAGGAGATGAAATCCCCAGTTGTCTTCAGCCAAGAGGATGATAGAGAAGTAGACAAACTC
TACTGCTTTCCACTTGATATTGTGCACATGCAGGCTGCGGCAGAGGGGAGTAGCAGGGAC
TATGTAGCCGTCAACCGGAGCCATGGCCAGCTCAAGACAGATGAGCAGGGCCTGAACACA
CATGGGGCCAGCGAGATATCAGAGGATCAGATGTTAGGTGATAGCCAATCCTTCTCTCGA
ACGGACTCAGATACCACCACAGAGACAGCACCAGGCAAAGGCAAATTGAGGAGTGGGTCT
AACACAGGCCTGGATTACATCAAGTTTACTTGGAAGAGGCTCCGCTCGCATTCAAGACAG
TATGTATCTGGGTTGCACATGAACCGCGAAAGGAAGGCCGCCAAACAGTTGGGTTTTATC
ATGGCAGCCTTCATCCTCTGCTGGATCCCTTATTTCATCTTCTTCATGGTCATTGCCTTC
TGCAAGAACTGTTGCAATGAACATTTGCACATGTTCACCATCTGGCTGGGCTACATCAAC
TCCACACTGAACCCCCTCATCTACCCCTTGTGCAATGAGAACTTCAAGAAGACATTCAAG
AGAATTCTGCATATTCGCTCCTAA
Target 5 GenBank Gene ID
Target 5 GeneCard ID HRH1 Link Image
Target 5 GenAtlas ID HRH1 Link Image
Target 5 HGNC ID HGNC:5182 Link Image
Target 5 Chromosome Location 3
Target 5 Locus 3p25
Target 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 5 General References
  1. Fukui H, Fujimoto K, Mizuguchi H, Sakamoto K, Horio Y, Takai S, Yamada K, Ito S: Molecular cloning of the human histamine H1 receptor gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jun 15;201(2):894-901. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. De Backer MD, Gommeren W, Moereels H, Nobels G, Van Gompel P, Leysen JE, Luyten WH: Genomic cloning, heterologous expression and pharmacological characterization of a human histamine H1 receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Dec 30;197(3):1601-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 5 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Roegge CS, Perraut C, Hao X, Levin ED: Histamine H1 receptor involvement in prepulse inhibition and memory function: relevance for the antipsychotic actions of clozapine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2007 Apr;86(4):686-92. Epub 2007 Feb 22. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 6 [top]
Target 6 ID 502
Target 6 Name 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor
Target 6 Synonyms
  1. 5- HT-2
  2. 5-HT-2A
  3. Serotonin receptor 2A
Target 6 Gene Name HTR2A
Target 6 Protein Sequence >5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor 
MDILCEENTSLSSTTNSLMQLNDDTRLYSNDFNSGEANTSDAFNWTVDSENRTNLSCEGC
LSPSCLSLLHLQEKNWSALLTAVVIILTIAGNILVIMAVSLEKKLQNATNYFLMSLAIAD
MLLGFLVMPVSMLTILYGYRWPLPSKLCAVWIYLDVLFSTASIMHLCAISLDRYVAIQNP
IHHSRFNSRTKAFLKIIAVWTISVGISMPIPVFGLQDDSKVFKEGSCLLADDNFVLIGSF
VSFFIPLTIMVITYFLTIKSLQKEATLCVSDLGTRAKLASFSFLPQSSLSSEKLFQRSIH
REPGSYTGRRTMQSISNEQKACKVLGIVFFLFVVMWCPFFITNIMAVICKESCNEDVIGA
LLNVFVWIGYLSSAVNPLVYTLFNKTYRSAFSRYIQCQYKENKKPLQLILVNTIPALAYK
SSQLQMGQKKNSKQDAKTTDNDCSMVALGKQHSEEASKDNSDGVNEKVSCV
Target 6 Number of Residues 478
Target 6 Molecular Weight 52604
Target 6 Theoretical pI 7.72
Target 6 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 6 General Function Involved in rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Target 6 Specific Function This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. This receptor is involved in tracheal smooth muscle contraction, bronchoconstriction, and control of aldosterone production
Target 6 Pathways Not Available
Target 6 Reactions Not Available
Target 6 Pfam Domain Function
Target 6 Signals
  • None
Target 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • 76-99
  • 111-132
  • 148-171
  • 192-215
  • 234-254
  • 325-346
  • 363-384
Target 6 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 6 GenBank ID Protein 36431 Link Image
Target 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P28223 Link Image
Target 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name 5HT2A_HUMAN Link Image
Target 6 PDB ID Not Available
Target 6 Cellular Location
  • Cell membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein. Localizes to the post-synaptic thickening of axo-dendrit
Target 6 Gene Sequence >1416 bp 
ATGGATATTCTTTGTGAAGAAAATACTTCTTTGAGCTCAACTACGAACTCCCTAATGCAA
TTAAATGATGACACCAGGCTCTACAGTAATGACTTTAACTCTGGAGAAGCTAACACTTCT
GATGCATTTAACTGGACAGTCGACTCTGAAAATCGAACCAACCTTTCCTGTGAAGGGTGC
CTCTCACCGTCGTGTCTCTCCTTACTTCATCTCCAGGAAAAAAACTGGTCTGCTTTACTG
ACAGCCGTAGTGATTATTCTAACTATTGCTGGAAACATACTCGTCATCATGGCAGTGTCC
CTAGAGAAAAAGCTGCAGAATGCCACCAACTATTTCCTGATGTCACTTGCCATAGCTGAT
ATGCTGCTGGGTTTCCTTGTCATGCCCGTGTCCATGTTAACCATCCTGTATGGGTACCGG
TGGCCTCTGCCGAGCAAGCTTTGTGCAGTCTGGATTTACCTGGACGTGCTCTTCTCCACG
GCCTCCATCATGCACCTCTGCGCCATCTCGCTGGACCGCTACGTCGCCATCCAGAATCCC
ATCCACCACAGCCGCTTCAACTCCAGAACTAAGGCATTTCTGAAAATCATTGCTGTTTGG
ACCATATCAGTAGGTATATCCATGCCAATACCAGTCTTTGGGCTACAGGACGATTCGAAG
GTCTTTAAGGAGGGGAGTTGCTTACTCGCCGATGATAACTTTGTCCTGATCGGCTCTTTT
GTGTCATTTTTCATTCCCTTAACCATCATGGTGATCACCTACTTTCTAACTATCAAGTCA
CTCCAGAAAGAAGCTACTTTGTGTGTAAGTGATCTTGGCACACGGGCCAAATTAGCTTCT
TTCAGCTTCCTCCCTCAGAGTTCTTTGTCTTCAGAAAAGCTCTTCCAGCGGTCGATCCAT
AGGGAGCCAGGGTCCTACACAGGCAGGAGGACTATGCAGTCCATCAGCAATGAGCAAAAG
GCATGCAAGGTGCTGGGCATCGTCTTCTTCCTGTTTGTGGTGATGTGGTGCCCTTTCTTC
ATCACAAACATCATGGCCGTCATCTGCAAAGAGTCCTGCAATGAGGATGTCATTGGGGCC
CTGCTCAATGTGTTTGTTTGGATCGGTTATCTCTCTTCAGCAGTCAACCCACTAGTCTAC
ACACTGTTCAACAAGACCTATAGGTCAGCCTTTTCACGGTATATTCAGTGTCAGTACAAG
GAAAACAAAAAACCATTGCAGTTAATTTTAGTGAACACAATACCGGCTTTGGCCTACAAG
TCTAGCCAACTTCAAATGGGACAAAAAAAGAATTCAAAGCAAGATGCCAAGACAACAGAT
AATGACTGCTCAATGGTTGCTCTAGGAAAGCAGCATTCTGAAGAGGCTTCTAAAGACAAT
AGCGACGGAGTGAATGAAAAGGTGAGCTGTGTGTGA
Target 6 GenBank Gene ID
Target 6 GeneCard ID HTR2A Link Image
Target 6 GenAtlas ID HTR2A Link Image
Target 6 HGNC ID HGNC:5293 Link Image
Target 6 Chromosome Location 13
Target 6 Locus 13q14-q21
Target 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 6 General References
  1. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Marshall SE, Bird TG, Hart K, Welsh KI: Unified approach to the analysis of genetic variation in serotonergic pathways. Am J Med Genet. 1999 Dec 15;88(6):621-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Becamel C, Figge A, Poliak S, Dumuis A, Peles E, Bockaert J, Lubbert H, Ullmer C: Interaction of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors with PDZ10 of the multi-PDZ domain protein MUPP1. J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 20;276(16):12974-82. Epub 2001 Jan 9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Chen K, Yang W, Grimsby J, Shih JC: The human 5-HT2 receptor is encoded by a multiple intron-exon gene. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1992 Jun;14(1-2):20-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Stam NJ, Van Huizen F, Van Alebeek C, Brands J, Dijkema R, Tonnaer JA, Olijve W: Genomic organization, coding sequence and functional expression of human 5-HT2 and 5-HT1A receptor genes. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 Oct 1;227(2):153-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Saltzman AG, Morse B, Whitman MM, Ivanshchenko Y, Jaye M, Felder S: Cloning of the human serotonin 5-HT2 and 5-HT1C receptor subtypes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Dec 31;181(3):1469-78. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Cook EH Jr, Fletcher KE, Wainwright M, Marks N, Yan SY, Leventhal BL: Primary structure of the human platelet serotonin 5-HT2A receptor: identify with frontal cortex serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. J Neurochem. 1994 Aug;63(2):465-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Erdmann J, Shimron-Abarbanell D, Rietschel M, Albus M, Maier W, Korner J, Bondy B, Chen K, Shih JC, Knapp M, Propping P, Nothen MM: Systematic screening for mutations in the human serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) receptor gene: identification of two naturally occurring receptor variants and association analysis in schizophrenia. Hum Genet. 1996 May;97(5):614-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 6 Drug References
  1. Goldstein JM: Quetiapine fumarate (Seroquel): a new atypical antipsychotic. Drugs Today (Barc). 1999 Mar;35(3):193-210. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. McDonald LM, Moran PM, Vythelingum GN, Joseph MH, Stephenson JD, Gray JA: Enhancement of latent inhibition by two 5-HT2A receptor antagonists only when given at both pre-exposure and conditioning. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Sep;169(3-4):321-31. Epub 2002 Aug 9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Broderick PA, Hope O, Okonji C, Rahni DN, Zhou Y: Clozapine and cocaine effects on dopamine and serotonin release in nucleus accumbens during psychostimulant behavior and withdrawal. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Jan;28(1):157-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Heiser P, Schulte E, Hausmann C, Becker R, Remschmidt H, Krieg JC, Vedder H: Effects of clozapine and its metabolites on the 5-HT2 receptor system in cortical and hippocampal cells in vitro. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Mar;28(2):297-302. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Reist C, Mazzanti C, Vu R, Fujimoto K, Goldman D: Inter-relationships of intermediate phenotypes for serotonin function, impulsivity, and a 5-HT2A candidate allele: His452Tyr. Mol Psychiatry. 2004 Sep;9(9):871-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 7 [top]
Target 7 ID 590
Target 7 Name 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor
Target 7 Synonyms
  1. 5- HT2C
  2. 5-HT-2C
  3. 5-HTR2C
  4. 5HT-1C
  5. Serotonin receptor 2C
Target 7 Gene Name HTR2C
Target 7 Protein Sequence >5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor 
MVNLRNAVHSFLVHLIGLLVWQCDISVSPVAAIVTDIFNTSDGGRFKFPDGVQNWPALSI
VIIIIMTIGGNILVIMAVSMEKKLHNATNYFLMSLAIADMLVGLLVMPLSLLAILYDYVW
PLPRYLCPVWISLDVLFSTASIMHLCAISLDRYVAIRNPIEHSRFNSRTKAIMKIAIVWA
ISIGVSVPIPVIGLRDEEKVFVNNTTCVLNDPNFVLIGSFVAFFIPLTIMVITYCLTIYV
LRRQALMLLHGHTEEPPGLSLDFLKCCKRNTAEEENSANPNQDQNARRRKKKERRPRGTM
QAINNERKASKVLGIVFFVFLIMWCPFFITNILSVLCEKSCNQKLMEKLLNVFVWIGYVC
SGINPLVYTLFNKIYRRAFSNYLRCNYKVEKKPPVRQIPRVAATALSGRELNVNIYRHTN
EPVIEKASDNEPGIEMQVENLELPVNPSSVVSERISSV
Target 7 Number of Residues 465
Target 7 Molecular Weight 51822
Target 7 Theoretical pI 9.11
Target 7 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 7 General Function Involved in rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Target 7 Specific Function This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system
Target 7 Pathways Not Available
Target 7 Reactions Not Available
Target 7 Pfam Domain Function
Target 7 Signals
  • None
Target 7 Transmembrane Regions
  • 53-78
  • 90-110
  • 128-150
  • 171-193
  • 214-235
  • 312-333
  • 349-371
Target 7 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 7 GenBank ID Protein 338028 Link Image
Target 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P28335 Link Image
Target 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name 5HT2C_HUMAN Link Image
Target 7 PDB ID Not Available
Target 7 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 7 Gene Sequence >1377 bp 
ATGGTGAACCTGAGGAATGCGGTGCATTCATTCCTTGTGCACCTAATTGGCCTATTGGTT
TGGCAATGTGATATTTCTGTGAGCCCAGTAGCAGCTATAGTAACTGACATTTTCAATACC
TCCGATGGTGGACGCTTCAAATTCCCAGACGGGGTACAAAACTGGCCAGCACTTTCAATC
GTCATCATAATAATCATGACAATAGGTGGCAACATCCTTGTGATCATGGCAGTAAGCATG
GAAAAGAAACTGCACAATGCCACCAATTACTTCTTAATGTCCCTAGCCATTGCTGATATG
CTAGTGGGACTACTTGTCATGCCCCTGTCTCTCCTGGCAATCCTTTATGATTATGTCTGG
CCACTACCTAGATATTTGTGCCCCGTCTGGATTTCTTTAGATGTTTTATTTTCAACAGCG
TCCATCATGCACCTCTGCGCTATATCGCTGGATCGGTATGTAGCAATACGTAATCCTATT
GAGCATAGCCGTTTCAATTCGCGGACTAAGGCCATCATGAAGATTGCTATTGTTTGGGCA
ATTTCTATAGGTGTATCAGTTCCTATCCCTGTGATTGGACTGAGGGACGAAGAAAAGGTG
TTCGTGAACAACACGACGTGCGTGCTCAACGACCCAAATTTCGTTCTTATTGGGTCCTTC
GTAGCTTTCTTCATACCGCTGACGATTATGGTGATTACGTATTGCCTGACCATCTACGTT
CTGCGCCGACAAGCTTTGATGTTACTGCACGGCCACACCGAGGAACCGCCTGGACTAAGT
CTGGATTTCCTGAAGTGCTGCAAGAGGAATACGGCCGAGGAAGAGAACTCTGCAAACCCT
AACCAAGACCAGAACGCACGCCGAAGAAAGAAGAAGGAGAGACGTCCTAGGGGCACCATG
CAGGCTATCAACAATGAAAGAAAAGCTTCGAAAGTCCTTGGGATTGTTTTCTTTGTGTTT
CTGATCATGTGGTGCCCATTTTTCATTACCAATATTCTGTCTGTTCTTTGTGAGAAGTCC
TGTAACCAAAAGCTCATGGAAAAGCTTCTGAATGTGTTTGTTTGGATTGGCTATGTTTGT
TCAGGAATCAATCCTCTGGTGTATACTCTGTTCAACAAAATTTACCGAAGGGCATTCTCC
AACTATTTGCGTTGCAATTATAAGGTAGAGAAAAAGCCTCCTGTCAGGCAGATTCCAAGA
GTTGCCGCCACTGCTTTGTCTGGGAGGGAGCTTAATGTTAACATTTATCGGCATACCAAT
GAACCGGTGATCGAGAAAGCCAGTGACAATGAGCCCGGTATAGAGATGCAAGTTGAGAAT
TTAGAGTTACCAGTAAATCCCTCCAGTGTGGTTAGCGAAAGGATTAGCAGTGTGTGA
Target 7 GenBank Gene ID
Target 7 GeneCard ID HTR2C Link Image
Target 7 GenAtlas ID HTR2C Link Image
Target 7 HGNC ID HGNC:5295 Link Image
Target 7 Chromosome Location X
Target 7 Locus Xq24
Target 7 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 7 General References
  1. Samochowiec J, Smolka M, Winterer G, Rommelspacher H, Schmidt LG, Sander T: Association analysis between a Cys23Ser substitution polymorphism of the human 5-HT2c receptor gene and neuronal hyperexcitability. Am J Med Genet. 1999 Apr 16;88(2):126-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Marshall SE, Bird TG, Hart K, Welsh KI: Unified approach to the analysis of genetic variation in serotonergic pathways. Am J Med Genet. 1999 Dec 15;88(6):621-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Becamel C, Figge A, Poliak S, Dumuis A, Peles E, Bockaert J, Lubbert H, Ullmer C: Interaction of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors with PDZ10 of the multi-PDZ domain protein MUPP1. J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 20;276(16):12974-82. Epub 2001 Jan 9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Saltzman AG, Morse B, Whitman MM, Ivanshchenko Y, Jaye M, Felder S: Cloning of the human serotonin 5-HT2 and 5-HT1C receptor subtypes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Dec 31;181(3):1469-78. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Lappalainen J, Zhang L, Dean M, Oz M, Ozaki N, Yu DH, Virkkunen M, Weight F, Linnoila M, Goldman D: Identification, expression, and pharmacology of a Cys23-Ser23 substitution in the human 5-HT2c receptor gene (HTR2C). Genomics. 1995 May 20;27(2):274-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Stam NJ, Vanderheyden P, van Alebeek C, Klomp J, de Boer T, van Delft AM, Olijve W: Genomic organisation and functional expression of the gene encoding the human serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Nov 15;269(3):339-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Xie E, Zhu L, Zhao L, Chang LS: The human serotonin 5-HT2C receptor: complete cDNA, genomic structure, and alternatively spliced variant. Genomics. 1996 Aug 1;35(3):551-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Niswender CM, Sanders-Bush E, Emeson RB: Identification and characterization of RNA editing events within the 5-HT2C receptor. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Dec 15;861:38-48. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 7 Drug References
  1. Sodhi MS, Airey DC, Lambert W, Burnet PW, Harrison PJ, Sanders-Bush E: A rapid new assay to detect RNA editing reveals antipsychotic-induced changes in serotonin-2C transcripts. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Sep;68(3):711-9. Epub 2005 May 25. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Navailles S, De Deurwaerdere P, Spampinato U: Clozapine and haloperidol differentially alter the constitutive activity of central serotonin2C receptors in vivo. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Mar 15;59(6):568-75. Epub 2005 Sep 22. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 8 [top]
Target 8 ID 734
Target 8 Name D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon
Target 8 Synonyms Not Available
Target 8 Gene Name DRD1IP
Target 8 Protein Sequence >D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon 
MVKLGCSFSGKPGKDPGDQDGAAMDSVPLISPLDISQLQPPLPDQVVIKTQTEYQLSSPD
QQNFPDLEGQRLNCSHPEEGRRLPTARMIAFAMALLGCVLIMYKAIWYDQFTCPDGFLLR
HKICTPLTLEMYYTEMDPERHRSILAAIGAYPLSRKHGTETPAAWGDGYRAAKEERKGPT
QAGAAAAATEPPGKPSAKAEKEAARKAAGSAAPPPAQ
Target 8 Number of Residues 220
Target 8 Molecular Weight 23434
Target 8 Theoretical pI 6.91
Target 8 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor binding
G-protein-coupled receptor binding
dopamine receptor binding
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
dopamine receptor signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 8 General Function Involved in dopamine receptor binding
Target 8 Specific Function May have a role in potentiating calcium ion-dependent signaling
Target 8 Pathways Not Available
Target 8 Reactions Not Available
Target 8 Pfam Domain Function
Target 8 Signals
  • None
Target 8 Transmembrane Regions
  • 88-108
Target 8 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 8 GenBank ID Protein 6980076 Link Image
Target 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9NYX4 Link Image
Target 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name D1IP_HUMAN Link Image
Target 8 PDB ID Not Available
Target 8 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • single-pass type III membrane protein (Potential)
Target 8 Gene Sequence >654 bp 
ATGGTGAAGCTGGGCTGCAGCTTCTCTGGGAAGCCAGGTAAAGACCCTGGGGACCAGGAT
GGGGCTGCCATGGACAGTGTGCCTCTGATCAGCCCCTTGGACATCAGCCAGCTCCAGCCG
CCACTCCCTGACCAGGTGGTCATCAAGACACAGACAGAATACCAGCTGTCCTCCCCAGAC
CAGCAGAATTTCCCTGACCTGGAGGGCCAGAGGCTGAACTGCAGCCACCCAGAGGAAGGG
CGCAGGCTGCCCACCGCACGGATGATCGCCTTCGCCATGGCGCTACTGGGCTGCGTGCTG
ATCATGTACAAGGCCATCTGGTACGACCAGTTCACCTGCCCCGACGGCTTCCTGCTGCGG
CACAAGATCTGCACGCCGCTGACCCTGGAGATGTACTACACGGAGATGGACCCCGAGCGC
CACCGCAGCATCCTGGCGGCCATCGGGGCCTACCCGCTGAGCCGCAAGCACGGCACGGAG
ACGCCGGCGGCCTGGGGGGACGGCTACCGCGCAGCCAAGGAGGAGCGCAAGGGGCCCACC
CAGGCTGGGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCACCGAACCCCCCGGGAAGCCGTCGGCCAAGGCGGAG
AAGGAGGCGGCGCGGAAGGCGGCCGGGAGCGCGGCGCCCCCGCCCGCGCAGTGA
Target 8 GenBank Gene ID
Target 8 GeneCard ID DRD1IP Link Image
Target 8 GenAtlas ID DRD1IP Link Image
Target 8 HGNC ID HGNC:17938 Link Image
Target 8 Chromosome Location 10
Target 8 Locus 10q26.3
Target 8 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 8 General References
  1. Lezcano N, Mrzljak L, Eubanks S, Levenson R, Goldman-Rakic P, Bergson C: Dual signaling regulated by calcyon, a D1 dopamine receptor interacting protein. Science. 2000 Mar 3;287(5458):1660-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 8 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 9 [top]
Target 9 ID 831
Target 9 Name D(2) dopamine receptor
Target 9 Synonyms
  1. Dopamine D2 receptor
Target 9 Gene Name DRD2
Target 9 Protein Sequence >D(2) dopamine receptor 
MDPLNLSWYDDDLERQNWSRPFNGSDGKADRPHYNYYATLLTLLIAVIVFGNVLVCMAVS
REKALQTTTNYLIVSLAVADLLVATLVMPWVVYLEVVGEWKFSRIHCDIFVTLDVMMCTA
SILNLCAISIDRYTAVAMPMLYNTRYSSKRRVTVMISIVWVLSFTISCPLLFGLNNADQN
ECIIANPAFVVYSSIVSFYVPFIVTLLVYIKIYIVLRRRRKRVNTKRSSRAFRAHLRAPL
KGNCTHPEDMKLCTVIMKSNGSFPVNRRRVEAARRAQELEMEMLSSTSPPERTRYSPIPP
SHHQLTLPDPSHHGLHSTPDSPAKPEKNGHAKDHPKIAKIFEIQTMPNGKTRTSLKTMSR
RKLSQQKEKKATQMLAIVLGVFIICWLPFFITHILNIHCDCNIPPVLYSAFTWLGYVNSA
VNPIIYTTFNIEFRKAFLKILHC
Target 9 Number of Residues 450
Target 9 Molecular Weight 50620
Target 9 Theoretical pI 9.85
Target 9 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
dopamine receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 9 General Function Involved in dopamine receptor activity
Target 9 Specific Function This is one of the five types (D1 to D5) of receptors for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase
Target 9 Pathways Not Available
Target 9 Reactions Not Available
Target 9 Pfam Domain Function
Target 9 Signals
  • None
Target 9 Transmembrane Regions
  • 38-60
  • 72-97
  • 109-130
  • 152-174
  • 187-210
  • 374-397
  • 406-429
Target 9 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 9 GenBank ID Protein 181432 Link Image
Target 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P14416 Link Image
Target 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name DRD2_HUMAN Link Image
Target 9 PDB ID Not Available
Target 9 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 9 Gene Sequence >1332 bp 
ATGGATCCACTGAATCTGTCCTGGTATGATGATGATCTGGAGAGGCAGAACTGGAGCCGG
CCCTTCAACGGGTCAGACGGGAAGGCGGACAGACCCCACTACAACTACTATGCCACACTG
CTCACCCTGCTCATCGCTGTCATCGTCTTCGGCAACGTGCTGGTGTGCATGGCTGTGTCC
CGCGAGAAGGCGCTGCAGACCACCACCAACTACCTGATCGTCAGCCTCGCAGTGGCCGAC
CTCCTCGTCGCCACACTGGTCATGCCATGGGTTGTCTACCTGGAGGTGGTAGGTGAGTGG
AAATTCAGCAGGATTCACTGTGACATCTTCGTCACTCTGGACGTCATGATGTGCACGGCG
AGCATCCTGAACTTGTGTGCCATCAGCATCGACAGGTACACAGCTGTGGCCATGCCCATG
CTGTACAATACGCGCTACAGCTCCAAGCGCCGGGTCACCGTCATGATCTCCATCGTCTGG
GTCCTGTCCTTCACCATCTCCTGCCCACTCCTCTTCGGACTCAATAACGCAGACCAGAAC
GAGTGCATCATTGCCAACCCGGCCTTCGTGGTCTACTCCTCCATCGTCTCCTTCTACGTG
CCCTTCATTGTCACCCTGCTGGTCTACATCAAGATCTACATTGTCCTCCGCAGACGCCGC
AAGCGAGTCAACACCAAACGCAGCAGCCGAGCTTTCAGGGCCCACCTGAGGGCTCCACTA
AAGGGCAACTGTACTCACCCCGAGGACATGAAACTCTGCACCGTTATCATGAAGTCTAAT
GGGAGTTTCCCAGTGAACAGGCGGAGAGTGGAGGCTGCCCGGCGAGCCCAGGAGCTGGAG
ATGGAGATGCTCTCCAGCACCAGCCCACCCGAGAGGACCCGGTACAGCCCCATCCCACCC
AGCCACCACCAGCTGACTCTCCCCGACCCGTCCCACCACGGTCTCCACAGCACTCCTGAC
AGCCCCGCCAAACCAGAGAAGAATGGGCATGCCAAAGACCACCCCAAGATTGCCAAGATC
TTTGAGATCCAGACCATGCCCAATGGCAAAACCCGGACCTCCCTCAAGACCATGAGCCGT
AGAAAGCTCTCCCAGCAGAAGGAGAAGAAAGCCACTCAGATGCTCGCCATTGTTCTCGGC
GTGTTCATCATCTGCTGGCTGCCCTTCTTCATCACACACATCCTGAACATACACTGTGAC
TGCAACATCCCGCCTGTCCTGTACAGCGCCTTCACGTGGCTGGGCTATGTCAACAGCGCC
GTGAACCCCATCATCTACACCACCTTCAACATTGAGTTCCGCAAGGCCTTCCTGAAGATC
CTTCACTGCTGA
Target 9 GenBank Gene ID
Target 9 GeneCard ID DRD2 Link Image
Target 9 GenAtlas ID DRD2 Link Image
Target 9 HGNC ID HGNC:3023 Link Image
Target 9 Chromosome Location 11
Target 9 Locus 11q23
Target 9 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 9 General References
  1. Klein C, Brin MF, Kramer P, Sena-Esteves M, de Leon D, Doheny D, Bressman S, Fahn S, Breakefield XO, Ozelius LJ: Association of a missense change in the D2 dopamine receptor with myoclonus dystonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 27;96(9):5173-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Seeman P, Nam D, Ulpian C, Liu IS, Tallerico T: New dopamine receptor, D2(Longer), with unique TG splice site, in human brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2000 Mar 10;76(1):132-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Araki K, Kuwano R, Morii K, Hayashi S, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Katagiri T, Usui H, Kumanishi T, Takahashi Y: Structure and expression of human and rat D2 dopamine receptor genes. Neurochem Int. 1992 Jul;21(1):91-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Dearry A, Falardeau P, Shores C, Caron MG: D2 dopamine receptors in the human retina: cloning of cDNA and localization of mRNA. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1991 Oct;11(5):437-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Stormann TM, Gdula DC, Weiner DM, Brann MR: Molecular cloning and expression of a dopamine D2 receptor from human retina. Mol Pharmacol. 1990 Jan;37(1):1-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Robakis NK, Mohamadi M, Fu DY, Sambamurti K, Refolo LM: Human retina D2 receptor cDNAs have multiple polyadenylation sites and differ from a pituitary clone at the 5' non-coding region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Mar 11;18(5):1299. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Selbie LA, Hayes G, Shine J: DNA homology screening: isolation and characterization of the human D2A dopamine receptor subtype. Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res. 1990;24:9-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Dal Toso R, Sommer B, Ewert M, Herb A, Pritchett DB, Bach A, Shivers BD, Seeburg PH: The dopamine D2 receptor: two molecular forms generated by alternative splicing. EMBO J. 1989 Dec 20;8(13):4025-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Grandy DK, Marchionni MA, Makam H, Stofko RE, Alfano M, Frothingham L, Fischer JB, Burke-Howie KJ, Bunzow JR, Server AC, et al.: Cloning of the cDNA and gene for a human D2 dopamine receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(24):9762-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Selbie LA, Hayes G, Shine J: The major dopamine D2 receptor: molecular analysis of the human D2A subtype. DNA. 1989 Nov;8(9):683-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 7902708 Itokawa M, Arinami T, Futamura N, Hamaguchi H, Toru M: A structural polymorphism of human dopamine D2 receptor, D2(Ser311-->Cys). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Nov 15;196(3):1369-75.
  12. 8471125 Seeman P, Ohara K, Ulpian C, Seeman MV, Jellinger K, Van Tol HH, Niznik HB: Schizophrenia: normal sequence in the dopamine D2 receptor region that couples to G-proteins. DNA polymorphisms in D2. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1993 Feb;8(2):137-42.
Target 9 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Green AI, Salomon MS, Brenner MJ, Rawlins K: Treatment of schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord. 2002 Apr;1(2):129-39. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Weizman T, Pick CG, Backer MM, Rigai T, Bloch M, Schreiber S: The antinociceptive effect of amisulpride in mice is mediated through opioid mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Oct 8;478(2-3):155-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Young RM, Lawford BR, Barnes M, Burton SC, Ritchie T, Ward WK, Noble EP: Prolactin levels in antipsychotic treatment of patients with schizophrenia carrying the DRD2*A1 allele. Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Aug;185:147-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Stonehouse AH, Jones FS: Bromocriptine and clozapine regulate dopamine 2 receptor gene expression in the mouse striatum. J Mol Neurosci. 2005;25(1):29-36. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Takano A, Suhara T, Kusumi I, Takahashi Y, Asai Y, Yasuno F, Ichimiya T, Inoue M, Sudo Y, Koyama T: Time course of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy by clozapine with medium and high plasma concentrations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Jan;30(1):75-81. Epub 2005 Jul 22. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.