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| Name | Clozapine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accession Number | DB00363 (APRD00470) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type | small molecule | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Groups | approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent. [PubChem] |
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| Structure |
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure |
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| Synonyms |
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| Salts | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brand names |
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| Brand mixtures | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| CAS number | 5786-21-0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weight |
Average: 326.823 Monoisotopic: 326.129824335 |
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| Chemical Formula | C18H19ClN4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI Key | InChIKey=QZUDBNBUXVUHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI |
InChI=1S/C18H19ClN4/c1-22-8-10-23(11-9-22)18-14-4-2-3-5-15(14)20-16-7-6-13(19)12-17(16)21-18/h2-7,12,20H,8-11H2,1H3
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| IUPAC Name |
6-chloro-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2,9-diazatricyclo[9.4.0.0^{3,8}]pentadeca-1(11),3(8),4,6,9,12,14-heptaene
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| SMILES |
CN1CCN(CC1)C1=NC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12
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| Mass Spec | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kingdom | Organic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classes |
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| Substructures |
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| Pharmacology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indication | For use in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharmacodynamics | Clozapine is a psychotropic agent belonging to the chemical class of benzisoxazole derivatives and is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. Clozapine is a selective monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity for the serotonin Type 2 (5HT2), dopamine Type 2 (D2), 1 and 2 adrenergic, and H1 histaminergic receptors. Clozapine acts as an antagonist at other receptors, but with lower potency. Antagonism at receptors other than dopamine and 5HT2 with similar receptor affinities may explain some of the other therapeutic and side effects of Clozapine. Clozapine's antagonism of muscarinic M1-5 receptors may explain its anticholinergic effects. Clozapine's antagonism of histamine H1 receptors may explain the somnolence observed with this drug. Clozapine's antagonism of adrenergic a1 receptors may explain the orthostatic hypotension observed with this drug. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mechanism of action | Clozapine's antipsychotic action is likely mediated through a combination of antogistic effects at D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway and 5-HT2A receptors in the frontal cortex. D2 antagonism relieves positive symptoms while 5-HT2A antagonism alleviates negative symptoms. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Absorption | Rapid and almost complete | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volume of distribution | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Protein binding | 97% (bound to serum proteins) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metabolism | Hepatic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Route of elimination | Approximately 50% of the administered dose is excreted in the urine and 30% in the feces. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Half life | 8 hours (range 4-12 hours) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clearance | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Toxicity | Clozapine carries a black-box warning for agranulocytosis. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Affected organisms |
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| Pathways | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Properties |
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| Predicted Properties |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Reference |
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| PDB Entries | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FDA label | show (89.8 KB) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MSDS | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Targets |
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Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist This is one of the five types (D1 to D5) of receptors for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P14416 ![]() Gene: DRD2 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
2. 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor Pharmacological action: yesActions: antagonist This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. This receptor is involved in tracheal smooth muscle contraction, bronchoconstriction, and control of aldosterone production Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P28223 ![]() Gene: HTR2A ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist This is one of the five types (D1 to D5) of receptors for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P21728 ![]() Gene: DRD1 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist This is one of the five types (D1 to D5) of receptors for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P35462 ![]() Gene: DRD3 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist This is one of the five types (D1 to D5) of receptors for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P21917 ![]() Gene: DRD4 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
6. 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor Pharmacological action: unknownActions: antagonist This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P08908 ![]() Gene: HTR1A ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
7. 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor Pharmacological action: unknownActions: antagonist This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P28222 ![]() Gene: HTR1B ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
8. 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor Pharmacological action: unknownActions: antagonist This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P28221 ![]() Gene: HTR1D ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
9. 5-hydroxytryptamine 1E receptor Pharmacological action: unknownActions: antagonist This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P28566 ![]() Gene: HTR1E ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
10. 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor Pharmacological action: unknownActions: antagonist This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P28335 ![]() Gene: HTR2C ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
11. 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor Pharmacological action: unknownActions: antagonist This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel, which when activated causes fast, depolarizing responses in neurons. It is a cation-specific, but otherwise relatively nonselective, ion channel Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P46098 ![]() Gene: HTR3A ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
12. 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 receptor Pharmacological action: unknownActions: antagonist This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. It has a high affinity for tricyclic psychotropic drugs Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P50406 ![]() Gene: HTR6 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
13. 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor Pharmacological action: unknownActions: antagonist This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P34969 ![]() Gene: HTR7 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Pharmacological action: no
Actions: antagonist In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamine release from adrenal medulla, as well as mediating neurotransmission in the central nervous system Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P35367 ![]() Gene: HRH1 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Pharmacological action: no
Actions: antagonist The H4 subclass of histamine receptors could mediate the histamine signals in peripheral tissues. Displays a significant level of constitutive activity (spontaneous activity in the absence of agonist) Organism class: humanUniProt ID: Q9H3N8 ![]() Gene: HRH4 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
16. Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor Pharmacological action: noActions: antagonist This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P35348 ![]() Gene: ADRA1A ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
17. Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor Pharmacological action: noActions: antagonist This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P35368 ![]() Gene: ADRA1B ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
18. Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor Pharmacological action: noActions: antagonist Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianserine > chlorpromazine = spiperone = prazosin > propanolol > alprenolol = pindolol Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P08913 ![]() Gene: ADRA2A ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
19. Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor Pharmacological action: noActions: antagonist Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is clonidine > norepinephrine > epinephrine = oxymetazoline > dopamine > p-tyramine = phenylephrine > serotonin > p-synephrine / p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > chlorpromazine > phentolamine > mianserine > spiperone > prazosin > alprenolol > propanolol > pindolol Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P18089 ![]() Gene: ADRA2B ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
20. Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor Pharmacological action: noActions: antagonist Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P18825 ![]() Gene: ADRA2C ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
21. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 Pharmacological action: noActions: antagonist The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P11229 ![]() Gene: CHRM1 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
22. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 Pharmacological action: noActions: antagonist The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P08172 ![]() Gene: CHRM2 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
23. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 Pharmacological action: noActions: antagonist The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P20309 ![]() Gene: CHRM3 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
24. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 Pharmacological action: noActions: antagonist The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is inhibition of adenylate cyclase Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P08173 ![]() Gene: CHRM4 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
25. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 Pharmacological action: noActions: antagonist The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover Organism class: humanUniProt ID: P08912 ![]() Gene: CHRM5 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
26. D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein calcyon Pharmacological action: unknownActions: unknown May have a role in potentiating calcium ion-dependent signaling Organism class: humanUniProt ID: Q9NYX4 ![]() Gene: DRD1IP ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
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| Enzymes |
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Actions: substrate, inhibitor
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen UniProt ID: P05177![]() Gene: CYP1A2 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Actions: substrate, inhibitor
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants UniProt ID: P10635![]() Gene: CYP2D6 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Actions: substrate, inhibitor
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan UniProt ID: P11712![]() Gene: CYP2C9 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Actions: substrate, inhibitor, inducer
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide UniProt ID: P08684![]() Gene: CYP3A4 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Actions: substrate, inhibitor
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine UniProt ID: P33261![]() Gene: CYP2C19 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Actions: substrate
Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase UniProt ID: P11509![]() Gene: CYP2A6 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Actions: substrate
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti- cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol) UniProt ID: P10632![]() Gene: CYP2C8 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
8. Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 Actions: substrateInvolved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides. It N-oxygenates primary aliphatic alkylamines as well as secondary and tertiary amines. Plays an important role in the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), via the production of TMA N-oxide (TMAO). Is also able to perform S-oxidation when acting on sulfide compounds UniProt ID: P31513![]() Gene: FMO3 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
9. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 Actions: substrateUDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX- alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate UniProt ID: P22310![]() Gene: UGT1A4 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Actions: inhibitor
Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms UniProt ID: P05181![]() Gene: CYP2E1 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Actions: inducer
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics UniProt ID: P04798![]() Gene: CYP1A1 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
Actions: inducer
Participates in the metabolism of an as-yet-unknown biologically active molecule that is a participant in eye development UniProt ID: Q16678![]() Gene: CYP1B1 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
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1. Multidrug resistance protein 1 Actions: substrateEnergy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells UniProt ID: P08183![]() Gene: ABCB1 ![]() Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report ![]() References:
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