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Identification
Name Digoxin
Accession Number DB00390 (APRD00098)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone digoxigenin. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  • Digitalis Glycoside
Brand names
  • Cardoxin
  • Cogoxin
  • Cordioxil
  • Davoxin
  • Digacin
  • Digitekt
  • Digoxin Pediatric
  • Dilanacin
  • Dixina
  • Dokim
  • Dynamos
  • Eudigox
  • Homolle's Digitalin
  • Lanacordin
  • Lanacrist
  • Lanicor
  • Lanoxicaps
  • Lanoxin
  • Lenoxicaps
  • Lenoxin
  • Longdigox
  • Neo-Lanicor
  • Neodioxanin
  • Rougoxin
  • SK-Digoxin
  • Stillacor
  • Vanoxin
Brand name mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Antiarrhythmic Agents
  • Cardiotonic Agents
  • Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
CAS number 20830-75-5
Weight Average: 780.9385
Monoisotopic: 780.429606756
Chemical Formula C41H64O14
InChI Key InChIKey=LTMHDMANZUZIPE-YUICGFAKSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C41H64O14/c1-19-36(47)28(42)15-34(50-19)54-38-21(3)52-35(17-30(38)44)55-37-20(2)51-33(16-29(37)43)53-24-8-10-39(4)23(13-24)6-7-26-27(39)14-31(45)40(5)25(9-11-41(26,40)48)22-12-32(46)49-18-22/h12,19-21,23-31,33-38,42-45,47-48H,6-11,13-18H2,1-5H3/t19-,20-,21-,23-,24+,25?,26-,27+,28+,29+,30+,31-,33+,34+,35+,36-,37-,38-,39+,40+,41+/m1/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
4-[(1S,2S,5S,7R,10R,11S,15S,16R)-5-{[(2R,4S,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-11,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
SMILES
[H][C@]12CC[C@]3([H])[C@]([H])(C[C@@H](O)[C@]4(C)C(CC[C@]34O)C3=CC(=O)OC3)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@H](C2)O[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]3C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O3)[C@@H](C)O2)[C@@H](C)O1
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Steroids and Steroid Derivatives
Substructures
  • Steroids and Steroid Derivatives
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Glycerol and Derivatives
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Alkanes and Alkenes
  • Pyrans
  • Acetates
  • Acetals and Derivatives
  • Sterols
  • Lactones
  • Ethers
  • Bicyclohexanes
  • Alcohols and Polyols
  • Heterocyclic compounds
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment and management of congestive cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmias and heart failure.
Pharmacodynamics Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside similar to digitoxin, is used to treat congestive heart failure and supraventricular arrhythmias due to reentry mechanisms, and to control ventricular rate in the treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation.
Mechanism of action Digoxin inhibits the Na-K-ATPase membrane pump, resulting in an increase in intracellular sodium. The sodium calcium exchanger (NCX)in turn tries to extrude the sodium and in so doing, pumps in more calcium. Increased intracellular concentrations of calcium may promote activation of contractile proteins (e.g., actin, myosin). Digoxin also acts on the electrical activity of the heart, increasing the slope of phase 4 depolarization, shortening the action potential duration, and decreasing the maximal diastolic potential.
Absorption Absorption of digoxin from the elixir pediatric formulation has been demonstrated to be 70% to 85% complete (90% to 100% from the capsules, and 60% to 80% for tablets).
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 25%
Metabolism

Hepatic (but not dependent upon the cytochrome P-450 system). The end metabolites, which include 3 b-digoxigenin, 3-keto-digoxigenin, and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, are polar in nature and are postulated to be formed via hydrolysis, oxidation, and conjugation.
Route of elimination Following intravenous administration to healthy volunteers, 50% to 70% of a digoxin dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Half life 3.5 to 5 days
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Toxicity includes ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, or progressive bradyarrhythmias, or heart block. LD50 = 7.8 mg/kg (orally in mice).
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Glaxosmithkline llc
  • Roxane laboratories inc
  • Abraxis pharmaceutical products
  • Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
  • Hospira inc
  • Sandoz canada inc
  • Wyeth ayerst laboratories
  • Actavis totowa llc
  • Caraco pharmaceutical laboratories ltd
  • Impax laboratories inc
  • Jerome stevens pharmaceuticals inc
  • West ward pharmaceutical corp
  • Smithkline beecham corp dba glaxosmithkline
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Liquid Intravenous
Powder, for solution Intravenous
Solution Oral
Tablet Oral
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Digibind 38 mg vial 727.91 USD vial
Digifab 40 mg vial 615.6 USD vial
Digoxin powder 450.28 USD g
Digoxin 0.05 mg/ml Solution 60ml Bottle 36.99 USD bottle
Lanoxin ped 0.1 mg/ml ampul 6.91 USD ml
Digoxin Pediatric 0.05 mg/ml 6.79 USD ml
Digoxin 0.25 mg/ml 2.91 USD ml
Lanoxin 0.25 mg/ml ampul 1.44 USD ml
Lanoxin 0.125 mg tablet 0.73 USD tablet
Lanoxin 0.25 mg tablet 0.66 USD tablet
Digoxin 0.125 mg tablet 0.64 USD tablet
Digoxin 0.25 mg tablet 0.62 USD tablet
Digoxin 0.25 mg/ml ampul 0.61 USD ml
Lanoxin Pediatric 0.05 mg/ml Elixir 0.41 USD ml
Lanoxicaps 0.1 mg capsule 0.4 USD capsule
Lanoxin 125 mcg tablet 0.3 USD tablet
Lanoxin 250 mcg tablet 0.3 USD tablet
Digitek 125 mcg tablet 0.28 USD tablet
Digitek 250 mcg tablet 0.28 USD tablet
Lanoxicaps 0.05 mg capsule 0.28 USD capsule
Toloxin 0.0625 mg Tablet 0.27 USD tablet
Toloxin 0.125 mg Tablet 0.27 USD tablet
Toloxin 0.25 mg Tablet 0.27 USD tablet
Digoxin 125 mcg tablet 0.22 USD tablet
Digoxin 250 mcg tablet 0.22 USD tablet
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Melting point 248-250 oC
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility Insoluble PhysProp
logP 2.2 PhysProp
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 1.27e-01 g/l ALOGPS
logP 1.04 ALOGPS
logP 2.37 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -3.79 ALOGPS
pKa 12.98 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 13 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 6 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 203.06 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 7 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 193.23 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 84.54 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Thompson DF, Carter JR: Drug-induced gynecomastia. Pharmacotherapy. 1993 Jan-Feb;13(1):37-45. Pubmed
  2. Doering W, Konig E, Sturm W: [Digitalis intoxication: specifity and significance of cardiac and extracardiac symptoms. part I: Patients with digitalis-induced arrhythmias (author’s transl)] Z Kardiol. 1977 Mar;66(3):121-8. Pubmed
  3. Kaplanski J, Weinhouse E, Topaz M, Genchik G: Verapamil and digoxin: interactions in the rat. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1983 Dec;42(3):377-88. Pubmed
  4. Flanagan RJ, Jones AL: Fab antibody fragments: some applications in clinical toxicology. Drug Saf. 2004;27(14):1115-33. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D00298 Link_out
KEGG Compound C06956 Link_out
PubChem Compound 30322 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46508524 Link_out
ChemSpider 28162 Link_out
BindingDB 50115625 Link_out
ChEBI 4551 Link_out
ChEMBL 4551 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000744 Link_out
PharmGKB PA449319 Link_out
Drug Product Database 2242323 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/dig.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/digoxin.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digoxin Link_out
ATC Codes
  • C01AA02
  • C01AA05
  • C01AA08
  • V03AB24
AHFS Codes
  • 24:04.08
  • 80:04.00
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label show (563.2 KB)
MSDS show (74.6 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions
  • Avoid avocado.
  • Avoid bran and high fiber foods within 2 hours of taking this medication.
  • Avoid excess salt/sodium unless otherwise instructed by your physician.
  • Avoid milk, calcium containing dairy products, iron, antacids, or aluminum salts 2 hours before or 6 hours after using antacids while on this medication.
  • Avoid salt substitutes containing potassium.
  • Limit garlic, ginger, gingko, and horse chestnut.
Targets

1. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1 chain

Pharmacological action: yes

This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P05023 Link_out
Gene: ATP1A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ravikumar A, Arun P, Devi KV, Augustine J, Kurup PA: Isoprenoid pathway and free radical generation and damage in neuropsychiatric disorders. Indian J Exp Biol. 2000 May;38(5):438-46. Pubmed
  2. Chen JJ, Wang PS, Chien EJ, Wang SW: Direct inhibitory effect of digitalis on progesterone release from rat granulosa cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Apr;132(8):1761-8. Pubmed
  3. Ke YS, Liu ZF, Yang H, Yang T, Huang JS, Rui SB, Cheng GH, Wang YX: Effect of anti-digoxin antiserum on endoxin and membrane ATPase activity in hypoxia-reoxygenation induced myocardial injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2000 Apr;21(4):345-7. Pubmed
  4. Kumar AR, Kurup PA: A hypothalamic digoxin mediated model for conscious and subliminal perception. J Neural Transm. 2001;108(7):855-68. Pubmed
  5. Aizman O, Uhlen P, Lal M, Brismar H, Aperia A: Ouabain, a steroid hormone that signals with slow calcium oscillations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Nov 6;98(23):13420-4. Epub 2001 Oct 30. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial

Actions: inhibitor

Catalyzes the side-chain cleavage reaction of cholesterol to pregnenolone

UniProt ID: P05108 Link_out
Gene: CYP11A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chen JJ, Wang PS, Chien EJ, Wang SW: Direct inhibitory effect of digitalis on progesterone release from rat granulosa cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Apr;132(8):1761-8. Pubmed
  2. Wang SW, Pu HF, Kan SF, Tseng CI, Lo MJ, Wang PS: Inhibitory effects of digoxin and digitoxin on corticosterone production in rat zona fasciculata-reticularis cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Aug;142(7):1123-30. Epub 2004 Jul 12. Pubmed
  3. Lin H, Wang SW, Tsai SC, Chen JJ, Chiao YC, Lu CC, Huang WJ, Wang GJ, Chen CF, Wang PS: Inhibitory effect of digoxin on testosterone secretion through mechanisms involving decreases of cyclic AMP production and cytochrome P450scc activity in rat testicular interstitial cells. Br J Pharmacol. 1998 Dec;125(8):1635-40. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Actions: substrate, inhibitor, inducer

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out
Gene: ABCB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Takara K, Tsujimoto M, Ohnishi N, Yokoyama T: Digoxin up-regulates MDR1 in human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Mar 22;292(1):190-4. Pubmed
  2. Takara K, Takagi K, Tsujimoto M, Ohnishi N, Yokoyama T: Digoxin up-regulates multidrug resistance transporter (MDR1) mRNA and simultaneously down-regulates steroid xenobiotic receptor mRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jun 20;306(1):116-20. Pubmed
  3. Schwab D, Fischer H, Tabatabaei A, Poli S, Huwyler J: Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery. J Med Chem. 2003 Apr 24;46(9):1716-25. Pubmed
  4. Takara K, Tanigawara Y, Komada F, Nishiguchi K, Sakaeda T, Okumura K: Cellular pharmacokinetic aspects of reversal effect of itraconazole on P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance of anticancer drugs. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 Dec;22(12):1355-9. Pubmed
  5. Yamazaki M, Neway WE, Ohe T, Chen I, Rowe JF, Hochman JH, Chiba M, Lin JH: In vitro substrate identification studies for p-glycoprotein-mediated transport: species difference and predictability of in vivo results. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Mar;296(3):723-35. Pubmed
  6. Adachi Y, Suzuki H, Sugiyama Y: Comparative studies on in vitro methods for evaluating in vivo function of MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 2001 Dec;18(12):1660-8. Pubmed
  7. Neuhoff S, Ungell AL, Zamora I, Artursson P: pH-dependent bidirectional transport of weakly basic drugs across Caco-2 monolayers: implications for drug-drug interactions. Pharm Res. 2003 Aug;20(8):1141-8. Pubmed
  8. Troutman MD, Thakker DR: Novel experimental parameters to quantify the modulation of absorptive and secretory transport of compounds by P-glycoprotein in cell culture models of intestinal epithelium. Pharm Res. 2003 Aug;20(8):1210-24. Pubmed
  9. Dagenais C, Graff CL, Pollack GM: Variable modulation of opioid brain uptake by P-glycoprotein in mice. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 15;67(2):269-76. Pubmed
  10. Taipalensuu J, Tavelin S, Lazorova L, Svensson AC, Artursson P: Exploring the quantitative relationship between the level of MDR1 transcript, protein and function using digoxin as a marker of MDR1-dependent drug efflux activity. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2004 Jan;21(1):69-75. Pubmed
  11. Tanigawara Y, Okamura N, Hirai M, Yasuhara M, Ueda K, Kioka N, Komano T, Hori R: Transport of digoxin by human P-glycoprotein expressed in a porcine kidney epithelial cell line (LLC-PK1). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992 Nov;263(2):840-5. Pubmed
  12. Fromm MF, Kim RB, Stein CM, Wilkinson GR, Roden DM: Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport: A unifying mechanism to explain the interaction between digoxin and quinidine [seecomments] Circulation. 1999 Feb 2;99(4):552-7. Pubmed
  13. Soldner A, Christians U, Susanto M, Wacher VJ, Silverman JA, Benet LZ: Grapefruit juice activates P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport. Pharm Res. 1999 Apr;16(4):478-85. Pubmed
  14. Collett A, Tanianis-Hughes J, Hallifax D, Warhurst G: Predicting P-glycoprotein effects on oral absorption: correlation of transport in Caco-2 with drug pharmacokinetics in wild-type and mdr1a(-/-) mice in vivo. Pharm Res. 2004 May;21(5):819-26. Pubmed
  15. Yamaguchi H, Yano I, Saito H, Inui K: Effect of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure on bioavailability and intestinal secretion of quinolone antibacterial drugs in rats. Pharm Res. 2004 Feb;21(2):330-8. Pubmed
  16. Takara K, Sakaeda T, Kakumoto M, Tanigawara Y, Kobayashi H, Okumura K, Ohnishi N, Yokoyama T: Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist doxazosin on MDR1-mediated multidrug resistance and transcellular transport. Oncol Res. 2009;17(11-12):527-33. Pubmed
  17. Jutabha P, Wempe MF, Anzai N, Otomo J, Kadota T, Endou H: Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human P-glycoprotein: probing trans- and cis-inhibitory effects on [3H]vinblastine and [3H]digoxin efflux. Pharmacol Res. 2010 Jan;61(1):76-84. Epub 2009 Jul 21. Pubmed

2. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1

Actions: inhibitor

Organic anion transporter, capable of transporting pharmacological substances such as digoxin, ouabain, thyroxine, methotrexate and cAMP. May participate in the regulation of membrane transport of ouabain. Involved in the uptake of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and hence may play a role in its transport into and out of renal proximal tubule cells. May be involved in the first step of the transport pathway of digoxin and various compounds into the urine in the kidney. May be involved in sperm maturation by enabling directed movement of organic anions and compounds within or between cells. This ion- transporting process is important to maintain the strict epididymal homeostasis necessary for sperm maturation. May have a role in secretory functions since seminal vesicle epithelial cells are assumed to secrete proteins involved in decapacitation by modifying surface proteins to facilitate the acquisition of the ability to fertilize the egg

UniProt ID: Q6ZQN7 Link_out
Gene: SLCO4C1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mikkaichi T, Suzuki T, Onogawa T, Tanemoto M, Mizutamari H, Okada M, Chaki T, Masuda S, Tokui T, Eto N, Abe M, Satoh F, Unno M, Hishinuma T, Inui K, Ito S, Goto J, Abe T: Isolation and characterization of a digoxin transporter and its rat homologue expressed in the kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 9;101(10):3569-74. Epub 2004 Mar 1. Pubmed

3. Solute carrier family 22 member 8

Actions: inhibitor

Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenadine. Transports benzylpenicillin (PCG), estrone- 3-sulfate (E1S), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), p-amino-hippurate (PAH), acyclovir (ACV) and ochratoxin (OTA)

UniProt ID: Q8TCC7 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A8 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Kusuhara H, Sekine T, Utsunomiya-Tate N, Tsuda M, Kojima R, Cha SH, Sugiyama Y, Kanai Y, Endou H: Molecular cloning and characterization of a new multispecific organic anion transporter from rat brain. J Biol Chem. 1999 May 7;274(19):13675-80. Pubmed

4. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1

Actions: substrate

Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost

UniProt ID: O94956 Link_out
Gene: SLCO2B1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Nishio T, Adachi H, Nakagomi R, Tokui T, Sato E, Tanemoto M, Fujiwara K, Okabe M, Onogawa T, Suzuki T, Nakai D, Shiiba K, Suzuki M, Ohtani H, Kondo Y, Unno M, Ito S, Iinuma K, Nunoki K, Matsuno S, Abe T: Molecular identification of a rat novel organic anion transporter moat1, which transports prostaglandin D(2), leukotriene C(4), and taurocholate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Sep 7;275(3):831-8. Pubmed

5. Bile salt export pump

Actions: substrate

Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes

UniProt ID: O95342 Link_out
Gene: ABCB11 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Lecureur V, Sun D, Hargrove P, Schuetz EG, Kim RB, Lan LB, Schuetz JD: Cloning and expression of murine sister of P-glycoprotein reveals a more discriminating transporter than MDR1/P-glycoprotein. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Jan;57(1):24-35. Pubmed

6. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2

Actions: substrate

Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity)

UniProt ID: P46721 Link_out
Gene: SLCO1A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Hagenbuch B, Adler ID, Schmid TE: Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the mouse organic-anion-transporting polypeptide 1 (Oatp1) and mapping of the gene to chromosome X. Biochem J. 2000 Jan 1;345 Pt 1:115-20. Pubmed
  2. Noe B, Hagenbuch B, Stieger B, Meier PJ: Isolation of a multispecific organic anion and cardiac glycoside transporter from rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 16;94(19):10346-50. Pubmed

7. Organic solute transporter subunit alpha

Actions: substrate

Essential component of the Ost-alpha/Ost-beta complex, a heterodimer that acts as the intestinal basolateral transporter responsible for bile acid export from enterocytes into portal blood. Efficiently transports the major species of bile acids

UniProt ID: Q86UW1 Link_out
Gene: OSTA Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Seward DJ, Koh AS, Boyer JL, Ballatori N: Functional complementation between a novel mammalian polygenic transport complex and an evolutionarily ancient organic solute transporter, OSTalpha-OSTbeta. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 25;278(30):27473-82. Epub 2003 Apr 28. Pubmed

8. Organic solute transporter subunit beta

Actions: substrate

Essential component of the Ost-alpha/Ost-beta complex, a heterodimer that acts as the intestinal basolateral transporter responsible for bile acid export from enterocytes into portal blood. Efficiently transports the major species of bile acids

UniProt ID: Q86UW2 Link_out
Gene: OSTB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Seward DJ, Koh AS, Boyer JL, Ballatori N: Functional complementation between a novel mammalian polygenic transport complex and an evolutionarily ancient organic solute transporter, OSTalpha-OSTbeta. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 25;278(30):27473-82. Epub 2003 Apr 28. Pubmed

9. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1

Actions: substrate

Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones T3 (triiodo-L-thyronine), T4 (thyroxine) and rT3, and of estrone-3-sulfate and taurocholate

UniProt ID: Q96BD0 Link_out
Gene: SLCO4A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mikkaichi T, Suzuki T, Onogawa T, Tanemoto M, Mizutamari H, Okada M, Chaki T, Masuda S, Tokui T, Eto N, Abe M, Satoh F, Unno M, Hishinuma T, Inui K, Ito S, Goto J, Abe T: Isolation and characterization of a digoxin transporter and its rat homologue expressed in the kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 9;101(10):3569-74. Epub 2004 Mar 1. Pubmed

10. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3

Actions: substrate

Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, taurocholate, triiodothyronine (T3), leukotriene C4, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), methotrexate and sulfobromophthalein (BSP)

UniProt ID: Q9NPD5 Link_out
Gene: SLCO1B3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. Pubmed

11. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1

Actions: substrate

Mediates the Na(+)-independent high affinity transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and rT3. Other potential substrates, such as triiodothyronine (T3), 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone-3-sulfate and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) are transported with much lower efficiency

UniProt ID: Q9NYB5 Link_out
Gene: SLCO1C1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Pizzagalli F, Hagenbuch B, Stieger B, Klenk U, Folkers G, Meier PJ: Identification of a novel human organic anion transporting polypeptide as a high affinity thyroxine transporter. Mol Endocrinol. 2002 Oct;16(10):2283-96. Pubmed

12. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene C3, leukotriene E4, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. May play an important role in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver

UniProt ID: Q9Y6L6 Link_out
Gene: SLCO1B1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. van Montfoort JE, Schmid TE, Adler ID, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Functional characterization of the mouse organic-anion-transporting polypeptide 2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Aug 19;1564(1):183-8. Pubmed
  2. Dagenais C, Ducharme J, Pollack GM: Uptake and efflux of the peptidic delta-opioid receptor agonist. Neurosci Lett. 2001 Apr 6;301(3):155-8. Pubmed
  3. Sugiyama D, Kusuhara H, Shitara Y, Abe T, Meier PJ, Sekine T, Endou H, Suzuki H, Sugiyama Y: Characterization of the efflux transport of 17beta-estradiol-D-17beta-glucuronide from the brain across the blood-brain barrier. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Jul;298(1):316-22. Pubmed
  4. Hagenbuch N, Reichel C, Stieger B, Cattori V, Fattinger KE, Landmann L, Meier PJ, Kullak-Ublick GA: Effect of phenobarbital on the expression of bile salt and organic anion transporters of rat liver. J Hepatol. 2001 Jun;34(6):881-7. Pubmed
  5. Gao B, Wenzel A, Grimm C, Vavricka SR, Benke D, Meier PJ, Reme CE: Localization of organic anion transport protein 2 in the apical region of rat retinal pigment epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002 Feb;43(2):510-4. Pubmed
  6. Shitara Y, Sugiyama D, Kusuhara H, Kato Y, Abe T, Meier PJ, Itoh T, Sugiyama Y: Comparative inhibitory effects of different compounds on rat oatpl (slc21a1)- and Oatp2 (Slc21a5)-mediated transport. Pharm Res. 2002 Feb;19(2):147-53. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on August 03, 2011 15:01

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.