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Identification
Name Prazosin
Accession Number DB00457 (APRD00020)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Prazosin is a selective α-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension. It has also been used to decrease urinary obstruction and relieve symptoms associated with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. α1-Receptors mediate contraction and hypertrophic growth of smooth muscle cells. Antagonism of these receptors leads to smooth muscle relaxation in the peripheral vasculature and prostate gland. Prazosin has also been used in conjunction with cardiac glycosides and diuretics in the management of severe congestive heart failure. It has also been used alone or in combination with β-blockers in the preoperative management of signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  • Prazocin
  • Prazosin HCl
  • Prazosin Hydrochloride
  • Prazosina [INN-Spanish]
  • Prazosine [INN-French]
  • Prazosinum [INN-Latin]
Brand names
  • Furazosin
  • Lentopres
  • Minipress (Pfizer)
  • Minipress Xl (Pfizer)
  • Vasoflex
Brand name mixtures
  • Minizide (prazosin + polythiazide)
Categories
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists
  • Alpha-adrenergic Blocking Agents
CAS number 19216-56-9
Weight Average: 383.4011
Monoisotopic: 383.159354185
Chemical Formula C19H21N5O4
InChI Key InChIKey=IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C19H21N5O4/c1-26-15-10-12-13(11-16(15)27-2)21-19(22-17(12)20)24-7-5-23(6-8-24)18(25)14-4-3-9-28-14/h3-4,9-11H,5-8H2,1-2H3,(H2,20,21,22)
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
2-{4-[(furan-2-yl)carbonyl]piperazin-1-yl}-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-amine
SMILES
COC1=CC2=C(C=C1OC)C(N)=NC(=N2)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C1=CC=CO1
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Quinazolines
Substructures
  • Quinazolines
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Amino Ketones
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Piperazines
  • Ethers
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Pyrimidines and Derivatives
  • Catechols
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anisoles
  • Carboxamides and Derivatives
  • Furans
  • Cyanamides
  • Phenyl Esters
Pharmacology
Indication For treatment of hypertension, symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia, and severe congestive heart failure. May also be used alone or in combination with β-blockers in the preoperative management of signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma.
Pharmacodynamics Prazosin is an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Accordingly, Prazosin is a selective inhibitor of the alpha1 subtype of alpha adrenergic receptors. In the human prostate, Prazosin antagonizes phenylephrine (alpha1 agonist)-induced contractions, in vitro, and binds with high affinity to the alpha1c adrenoceptor, which is thought to be the predominant functional type in the prostate. Studies in normal human subjects have shown that Prazosin competitively antagonized the pressor effects of phenylephrine (an alpha1 agonist) and the systolic pressor effect of norepinephrine. The antihypertensive effect of Prazosin results from a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and the parent compound Prazosin is primarily responsible for the antihypertensive activity.
Mechanism of action Prazosin acts by inhibiting the postsynaptic alpha(1)-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle. This inhibits the vasoconstrictor effect of circulating and locally released catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), resulting in peripheral vasodilation.
Absorption Well-absorbed from gastrointestinal tract; bioavailability is variable (50 to 85%).
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 97%
Metabolism

Primarily hepatic. Several metabolites have been identified in humans and animals (6- O -demethyl, 7- O -demethyl, 2-[1-piperazinyl]-4-amino-6, 7-dimethoxyquinazoline, 2,4-diamino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline).
Route of elimination Animal studies indicate that prazosin hydrochloride is extensively metabolized, primarily by demethylation and conjugation, and excreted mainly via bile and feces. Less extensive human studies suggest similar metabolism and excretion in man.
Half life 2-3 hours
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc
  • American therapeutics inc
  • Clonmel healthcare ltd
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Purepac pharmaceutical co
  • Sandoz inc
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Pfizer inc
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Capsule Oral 1 mg
Capsule Oral 2 mg
Capsule Oral 5 mg
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Minipress 5 mg capsule 1.97 USD capsule
Minipress 2 mg capsule 1.14 USD capsule
Prazosin HCl 5 mg capsule 0.98 USD capsule
Prazosin 5 mg capsule 0.94 USD capsule
Minipress 1 mg capsule 0.83 USD capsule
Prazosin HCl 2 mg capsule 0.57 USD capsule
Prazosin 2 mg capsule 0.55 USD capsule
Prazosin HCl 1 mg capsule 0.41 USD capsule
Prazosin 1 mg capsule 0.4 USD capsule
Apo-Prazo 5 mg Tablet 0.4 USD tablet
Novo-Prazin 5 mg Tablet 0.4 USD tablet
Nu-Prazo 5 mg Tablet 0.4 USD tablet
Vasoflex hd caplet 0.38 USD caplet
Vasoflex forte capsule 0.29 USD capsule
Apo-Prazo 2 mg Tablet 0.29 USD tablet
Novo-Prazin 2 mg Tablet 0.29 USD tablet
Nu-Prazo 2 mg Tablet 0.29 USD tablet
Apo-Prazo 1 mg Tablet 0.22 USD tablet
Novo-Prazin 1 mg Tablet 0.22 USD tablet
Nu-Prazo 1 mg Tablet 0.22 USD tablet
Vasoflex tablet 0.15 USD tablet
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Melting point 279 oC
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 0.5 mg/mL (HCl salt) [Sigma Aldrich] PhysProp
logP 1.3 PhysProp
Caco2 permeability -4.36 [ADME Research, USCD] BiGG
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 6.93e-01 g/l ALOGPS
logP 1.93 ALOGPS
logP 1.65 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -2.74 ALOGPS
pKa ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 7 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 1 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 106.95 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 4 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 104.50 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 40.49 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH: Utility of scorpion antivenin vs prazosin in the management of severe Mesobuthus tamulus (Indian red scorpion) envenoming at rural setting. J Assoc Physicians India. 2007 Jan;55:14-21. Pubmed
  2. Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA, Margolis KL, Davis BR, Grimm RH, Black HR, Hamilton BP, Holland J, Nwachuku C, Papademetriou V, Probstfield J, Wright JT Jr, Alderman MH, Weiss RJ, Piller L, Bettencourt J, Walsh SM: Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2002 Nov-Dec;4(6):393-404. Pubmed
  3. Hiraoka Y, Taniguchi T, Tanaka T, Okada K, Kanamaru H, Muramatsu I: Pharmacological characterization of unique prazosin-binding sites in human kidney. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2003 Jul;368(1):49-56. Epub 2003 Jun 25. Pubmed
  4. Sigma Aldrich Link
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Compound C07368 Link_out
PubChem Compound 4893 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46508594 Link_out
ChemSpider 4724 Link_out
BindingDB 29568 Link_out
ChEBI 8364 Link_out
ChEMBL 8364 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000300 Link_out
PharmGKB PA451093 Link_out
Drug Product Database 1910302 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/prazosin.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/prazosin.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazosin Link_out
ATC Codes
  • C02CA01
AHFS Codes
  • 24:20.00
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS show (57.2 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Avoid natural licorice.
  • Take without regard to meals.
Targets

1. Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist

This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P35348 Link_out
Gene: ADRA1A Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chang HK, Hsu FL, Liu IM, Cheng JT: Stimulatory effect of cinnamic acid analogues on alpha1A-adrenoceptors in-vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003 Jun;55(6):833-7. Pubmed
  2. Eltze M: In functional experiments, risperidone is selective, not for the B, but for the A subtype of alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Jan 4;295(1):69-73. Pubmed
  3. Morris DP, Price RR, Smith MP, Lei B, Schwinn DA: Cellular trafficking of human alpha1a-adrenergic receptors is continuous and primarily agonist-independent. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;66(4):843-54. Epub 2004 Jul 16. Pubmed
  4. Sleight AJ, Koek W, Bigg DC: Binding of antipsychotic drugs at alpha 1A- and alpha 1B-adrenoceptors: risperidone is selective for the alpha 1B-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Jul 20;238(2-3):407-10. Pubmed
  5. Suzuki Y, Kanada A, Okaya Y, Aisaka K: Effect of JTH-601, a novel alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, on prostate function in dogs. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Apr 7;394(1):123-30. Pubmed
  6. Tomiyama Y, Kobayashi K, Tadachi M, Kobayashi S, Inada Y, Kobayashi M, Yamazaki Y: Expressions and mechanical functions of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes in hamster ureter. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Nov 14;573(1-3):201-5. Epub 2007 Jul 6. Pubmed
  7. Zacharia J, Hillier C, MacDonald A: Alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes involved in vasoconstrictor responses to exogenous and neurally released noradrenaline in rat femoral resistance arteries. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;141(6):915-24. Epub 2004 Feb 23. Pubmed
  8. Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. Pubmed

2. Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist

This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P35368 Link_out
Gene: ADRA1B Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Al-Damluji S, Shen WB, White S, Barnard EA: alpha(1B) adrenergic receptors in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurones: relation to Transport-P. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Jan;132(1):336-44. Pubmed
  2. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  3. Eltze M: In functional experiments, risperidone is selective, not for the B, but for the A subtype of alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Jan 4;295(1):69-73. Pubmed
  4. Ishiguro M, Futabayashi Y, Ohnuki T, Ahmed M, Muramatsu I, Nagatomo T: Identification of binding sites of prazosin, tamsulosin and KMD-3213 with alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor subtypes by molecular modeling. Life Sci. 2002 Oct 11;71(21):2531-41. Pubmed
  5. Sharpe IA, Thomas L, Loughnan M, Motin L, Palant E, Croker DE, Alewood D, Chen S, Graham RM, Alewood PF, Adams DJ, Lewis RJ: Allosteric alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonism by the conopeptide rho-TIA. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 5;278(36):34451-7. Epub 2003 Jun 24. Pubmed
  6. Sleight AJ, Koek W, Bigg DC: Binding of antipsychotic drugs at alpha 1A- and alpha 1B-adrenoceptors: risperidone is selective for the alpha 1B-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Jul 20;238(2-3):407-10. Pubmed
  7. Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. Pubmed

3. Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist

This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its effect through the influx of extracellular calcium

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P25100 Link_out
Gene: ADRA1D Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Nagaoka Y, Ahmed M, Hossain M, Bhuiyan MA, Ishiguro M, Nakamura T, Watanabe M, Nagatomo T: Amino acids of the human alpha1d-adrenergic receptor involved in antagonist binding. J Pharmacol Sci. 2008 Jan;106(1):114-20. Epub 2008 Jan 11. Pubmed
  2. Yamamoto Y, Koike K: alpha(1)-Adrenoceptor subtypes in the mouse mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Nov;134(5):1045-54. Pubmed
  3. Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. Pubmed

4. Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor

Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). Isoform 3 has no channel activity by itself, but modulates channel characteristics when associated with isoform 1

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q12809 Link_out
Gene: KCNH2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Thomas D, Wimmer AB, Wu K, Hammerling BC, Ficker EK, Kuryshev YA, Kiehn J, Katus HA, Schoels W, Karle CA: Inhibition of human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels by alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 May;369(5):462-72. Epub 2004 Apr 20. Pubmed

5. Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor

Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated potassium channel. Elicits a slowly activating, rectifying current. Channel properties may be modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9H252 Link_out
Gene: KCNH6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Thomas D, Wimmer AB, Wu K, Hammerling BC, Ficker EK, Kuryshev YA, Kiehn J, Katus HA, Schoels W, Karle CA: Inhibition of human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels by alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 May;369(5):462-72. Epub 2004 Apr 20. Pubmed

6. Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor

Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated potassium channel. Channel properties may be modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9NS40 Link_out
Gene: KCNH7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Thomas D, Wimmer AB, Wu K, Hammerling BC, Ficker EK, Kuryshev YA, Kiehn J, Katus HA, Schoels W, Karle CA: Inhibition of human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels by alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 May;369(5):462-72. Epub 2004 Apr 20. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 1A1

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P04798 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Solute carrier family 22 member 2

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin may develop a nephrotoxic action. Transport of creatinine is inhibited by fluoroquinolones such as DX-619 and LVFX. This transporter is a major determinant of the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin and may contribute to antitumor specificity

UniProt ID: O15244 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36. Pubmed
  2. Pan G, Winter TN, Roberts JC, Fairbanks CA, Elmquist WF: Organic cation uptake is enhanced in bcrp1-transfected MDCKII cells. Mol Pharm. 2010 Feb 1;7(1):138-45. Pubmed

2. Solute carrier family 22 member 1

Actions: inhibitor

Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin- dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase

UniProt ID: O15245 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36. Pubmed

3. Solute carrier family 22 member 3

Actions: inhibitor

Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain

UniProt ID: O75751 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36. Pubmed

4. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out
Gene: ABCB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Polli JW, Wring SA, Humphreys JE, Huang L, Morgan JB, Webster LO, Serabjit-Singh CS: Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):620-8. Pubmed
  2. Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):942-9. Pubmed
  3. Takara K, Sakaeda T, Kakumoto M, Tanigawara Y, Kobayashi H, Okumura K, Ohnishi N, Yokoyama T: Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist doxazosin on MDR1-mediated multidrug resistance and transcellular transport. Oncol Res. 2009;17(11-12):527-33. Pubmed
  4. Dohse M, Scharenberg C, Shukla S, Robey RW, Volkmann T, Deeken JF, Brendel C, Ambudkar SV, Neubauer A, Bates SE: Comparison of ATP-binding cassette transporter interactions with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Aug;38(8):1371-80. Epub 2010 Apr 27. Pubmed
  5. Dey S, Ramachandra M, Pastan I, Gottesman MM, Ambudkar SV: Evidence for two nonidentical drug-interaction sites in the human P-glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 30;94(20):10594-9. Pubmed

5. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. May be involved in brain-to-blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 123

UniProt ID: Q9UNQ0 Link_out
Gene: ABCG2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Dohse M, Scharenberg C, Shukla S, Robey RW, Volkmann T, Deeken JF, Brendel C, Ambudkar SV, Neubauer A, Bates SE: Comparison of ATP-binding cassette transporter interactions with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Aug;38(8):1371-80. Epub 2010 Apr 27. Pubmed
  2. Ozvegy C, Litman T, Szakacs G, Nagy Z, Bates S, Varadi A, Sarkadi B: Functional characterization of the human multidrug transporter, ABCG2, expressed in insect cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jul 6;285(1):111-7. Pubmed
Carriers

1. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1

Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction

UniProt ID: P02763 Link_out
Gene: ORM1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ferry DG, Caplan NB, Cubeddu LX: Interaction between antidepressants and alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonists on the binding to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. J Pharm Sci. 1986 Feb;75(2):146-9. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on April 19, 2011 15:04

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.