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targets (5) enzymes (2)
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Identification
Name Rifabutin
Accession Number DB00615 (APRD00094)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
Ansatipin
Ansatipine
Antibiotic LM 427
RBT
Rifabutina [Spanish]
Rifabutine [French]
Rifabutinum [Latin]
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Alfacid
Ansamycin
Mycobutin
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antibiotics, Antitubercular
CAS number 72559-06-9
Weight Average: 847.0047
Monoisotopic: 846.441508846
Chemical Formula C46H62N4O11
InChI Key InChIKey=ATEBXHFBFRCZMA-VXTBVIBXSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C46H62N4O11/c1-22(2)21-50-18-16-46(17-19-50)48-34-31-32-39(54)28(8)42-33(31)43(56)45(10,61-42)59-20-15-30(58-11)25(5)41(60-29(9)51)27(7)38(53)26(6)37(52)23(3)13-12-14-24(4)44(57)47-36(40(32)55)35(34)49-46/h12-15,20,22-23,25-27,30,37-38,41,49,52-54H,16-19,21H2,1-11H3,(H,47,57)/b13-12+,20-15+,24-14-/t23-,25+,26+,27+,30-,37-,38+,41+,45-/m0/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(7S,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S)-2,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-1'-(2-methylpropyl)-6,23,32-trioxo-8,33-dioxa-24,27,29-triazaspiro[pentacyclo[23.6.1.1^{4,7}.0^{5,31}.0^{26,30}]tritriacontane-28,4'-piperidin]-1,3,5(31),9,19,21,25,29-octaen-13-yl acetate
SMILES
CO[C@H]1\C=C\O[C@@]2(C)OC3=C(C2=O)C2=C(C(O)=C3C)C(=O)C(NC(=O)\C(C)=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H]1C)=C1NC3(CCN(CC3)CC(C)C)N=C21
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Ansamycins
  • Lactams
Substructures
  • Ansamycins
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Benzofurans
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Alkanes and Alkenes
  • Acetates
  • Acetals and Derivatives
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Amino Ketones
  • Ethers
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Methoxyphenols
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Imidazoles
  • Phenethylamines
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anisoles
  • Carboxamides and Derivatives
  • Lactams
  • Imines
  • Benzoyl Derivatives
  • Alcohols and Polyols
  • Phenyl Esters
  • Piperidines
  • Ketones
Pharmacology
Indication For the prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in patients with advanced HIV infection.
Pharmacodynamics Rifabutin is an antibiotic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase but does not inhibit the mammalian enzyme. It is bactericidal and has a very broad spectrum of activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and specifically Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Because of rapid emergence of resistant bacteria, use is restricted to treatment of mycobacterial infections and a few other indications. Rifabutin is well absorbed when taken orally and is distributed widely in body tissues and fluids, including the CSF. It is metabolized in the liver and eliminated in bile and, to a much lesser extent, in urine, but dose adjustments are unnecessary with renal insufficiency.
Mechanism of action Rifabutin acts via the inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, leading to a suppression of RNA synthesis and cell death.
Absorption Rifabutin is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with an absolute bioavailability averaging 20%.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 85%
Metabolism
Hepatic. Of the five metabolites that have been identified, 25-O-desacetyl and 31-hydroxy are the most predominant. The former metabolite has an activity equal to the parent drug and contributes up to 10% to the total antimicrobial activity.

Important The metabolism module of DrugBank is currently in beta. Questions or suggestions? Please contact us.

Substrate Enzymes Product
Rifabutin
27-O-demethylrifabutin Details
Rifabutin
    		25-O-desacetyl rifabutin Details
    Rifabutin
      		31-hydroxy rifabutin Details
      Route of elimination A mass-balance study in three healthy adult volunteers with 14C-labeled rifabutin showed that 53% of the oral dose was excreted in the urine, primarily as metabolites. About 30% of the dose is excreted in the feces.
      Half life 45 (± 17) hours
      Clearance
      • 0.69 +/- 0.32 L/hr/kg
      Toxicity LD50 = 4.8 g/kg (mouse, male)
      Affected organisms
      • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
      Pathways Not Available
      Pharmacoeconomics
      Manufacturers
      • Pharmacia and upjohn co
      Packagers
      Dosage forms
      Form Route Strength
      Capsule Oral
      Prices
      Unit description Cost Unit
      Mycobutin 150 mg capsule 13.01 USD capsule
      DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
      Patents Not Available
      Properties
      State solid
      Experimental Properties
      Property Value Source
      water solubility Minimally soluble (0.19 mg/mL) Not Available
      logP 4.1 Not Available
      Predicted Properties
      Property Value Source
      water solubility 1.70e-02 g/l ALOGPS
      logP 4.25 ALOGPS
      logP 4.19 ChemAxon
      logS -4.7 ALOGPS
      pKa (strongest acidic) 7.93 ChemAxon
      pKa (strongest basic) 8.62 ChemAxon
      physiological charge 1 ChemAxon
      hydrogen acceptor count 13 ChemAxon
      hydrogen donor count 5 ChemAxon
      polar surface area 205.55 ChemAxon
      rotatable bond count 5 ChemAxon
      refractivity 232.64 ChemAxon
      polarizability 90.72 ChemAxon
      References
      Synthesis Reference Not Available
      General Reference Not Available
      External Links
      Resource Link
      KEGG Drug D00424 Link_out
      KEGG Compound C07235 Link_out
      PubChem Compound 6323490 Link_out
      PubChem Substance 46506468 Link_out
      ChemSpider 4883445 Link_out
      ChEBI 8857 Link_out
      ChEMBL 8857 Link_out
      Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000656 Link_out
      PharmGKB PA451249 Link_out
      HET RBT Link_out
      Drug Product Database 2063786 Link_out
      RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/rifabutin.htm Link_out
      Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/rifabutin.html Link_out
      Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifabutin Link_out
      ATC Codes
      • J04AB04
      AHFS Codes
      • 08:16.04
      PDB Entries Not Available
      FDA label show (69.5 KB)
      MSDS show (58.4 KB)
      Interactions
      Drug Interactions
      Drug Interaction
      Abiraterone Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease levels of abiraterone. Monitor concomitant therapy closely.
      Acenocoumarol Rifabutin may decrease the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol by increasing its metabolism.
      Amitriptyline The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline, by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of amitriptyline if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Amoxapine The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant, amoxapine, by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of amoxapine if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Amprenavir Amprenavir may increase the effect and toxicity of rifabutin.
      Anisindione Rifabutin, may decrease the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
      Atazanavir Atazanavir may increase levels/toxicity of rifabutin.
      Atorvastatin Rifabutin may decrease the effect of atorvastatin by increasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of atorvastatin if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Atovaquone Rifabutin decreases the effect of atovaquone
      Bromazepam Rifabutin may decrease the serum concentration of bromazepam by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of bromazepam if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Bupropion Rifampin reduces bupropion levels
      Buspirone Rifabutin decreases the effect of buspirone
      Cabazitaxel Concomitant therapy with a strong CYP3A inducer may decrease concentrations of cabazitaxel. Avoid concomitant therapy.
      Cerivastatin Rifabutin may decrease the effect of cerivastatin by increasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of cerivastatin if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Clarithromycin The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the macrolide, clarithromycin.
      Clomipramine The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant, clomipramine, by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of clomipramine if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Clozapine Rifabutin decreases the effect of clozapine
      Cyclosporine The rifamycin decreases the effect of cyclosporine
      Dapsone Decreased levels of dapsone
      Delavirdine Rifabutin decreases the effect of delavirdine
      Desipramine The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant, desipramine, by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of desipramine if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Dicumarol Rifabutin may decrease the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.
      Doxepin The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant, doxepin, by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of doxepin if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Doxycycline The rifamycin decreases the effect of doxycycline
      Erlotinib Decreased levels/effect of erlotinib
      Erythromycin The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the macrolide, erythromycin.
      Estradiol valerate/Dienogest Affects CYP3A4 metabolism, decreases or effects levels of Estradiol valerate/Dienogest.
      Ethinyl Estradiol Rifabutin may decrease the contraceptive effect of ethinyl estradiol. Hormonal contraception should not be solely relied on alone during concomitant therapy with rifabutin.
      Etravirine Etravirine may experience a decrease in serum concentration. It is recommended to monitor etravirine therapy for efficacy. The combination of rifabutin and etravirine therapy is contraindicated if a protease inhibitor which is ritonavir boosted is also being used.
      Fluconazole Fluconazole may increase levels/toxicity of rifabutin.
      Fluvastatin Rifabutin may decrease the effect of fluvastatin by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of fluvastatin if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Fosamprenavir Amprenavir increases the effect and toxicity of rifabutin
      Haloperidol The rifamycin decreases the effect of haloperidol
      Imipramine The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine, by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of imipramine if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Indinavir Rifabutin decreases the effect of indinavir
      Itraconazole Rifabutin decreases the effect of itraconazole
      Ivacaftor Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease levels of ivacaftor. Monitor concomitant therapy closely.
      Josamycin The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the macrolide, josamycin.
      Lovastatin Rifabutin may decrease the effect of lovastatin by increasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of lovastatin if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Mestranol This product may cause a slight decrease of the contraceptive effect
      Methadone The rifamycin decreases the effect of methadone
      Norethindrone Rifabutin may decrease the contraceptive effect of norethindrone. Hormonal contraception should not be solely relied on alone during concomitant therapy with rifabutin.
      Nortriptyline The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant, nortriptyline, by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of nortriptyline if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Pazopanib Affects CYP3A4 metabolism therefore will decrease levels or effect of pazopanib. Consider alternate therapy.
      Posaconazole Modification of drug levels for both agents
      Propafenone Rifampin decreases the effect of propafenone
      Protriptyline The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant, protriptyline, by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of protriptyline if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Rilpivirine Strong inducers of CYP3A4 decrease the exposure of rilpivirine thus decreasing efficacy.
      Ritonavir Rifabutin decreases the effect of ritonavir
      Roflumilast Affects CYP3A4 metabolism, decreases level or effect of roflumilast.
      Saquinavir Rifabutin decreases the effect of saquinavir
      Simvastatin Rifabutin may decrease the effect of simvastatin by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic effect of simvastatin if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Sirolimus The rifamycin decreases the effect of sirolimus
      Sunitinib Possible decrease in sunitinib levels
      Tacrolimus Carbamazepine may decrease the blood concentration of Tacrolimus. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/toxic effects of Tacrolimus if Carbamazepine therapy is initiated, discontinued or altered.
      Tamoxifen The rifamycin decreases the effect of anti-estrogen
      Telithromycin Rifabutin may decrease the plasma concentration of Telithromycin. Consider alternate therapy.
      Temsirolimus Rifabutin may increase the metabolism of Temsirolimus decreasing its efficacy. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
      Terbinafine Rifabutin may increase the metabolism and clearance of Terbinafine. To avoid Terbinafine treatment failure, co-administration should be avoided.
      Tipranavir Tipranavir increases the concentration of Rifabutin. Adjust Rifabutin dose and monitor for adverse/toxic effects.
      Tolvaptan Rifabutin is a CYP3A4 inducer and will decrease serum concentrations of tolvaptan and ultimately, its clinical effects.
      Toremifene The rifamycin decreases the effect of anti-estrogen
      Tramadol Rifabutin may decrease the effect of Tramadol by increasing Tramadol metabolism and clearance.
      Trazodone The CYP3A4 inducer, Rifabutin, may decrease Trazodone efficacy by increasing Trazodone metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in Trazodone efficacy/toxicity if Rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Trimipramine The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant, trimipramine, by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of trimipramine if rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Vandetanib Decreases levels of vandetanib by affecting CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.
      Vemurafenib Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease levels of vemurafenib. Monitor concomitant therapy closely.
      Verapamil Rifabutin, a CYP3A4 inducer, may decrease the serum concentration of Verapamil by increasing its metabolism (particularly in the intestinal mucosa) and decreasing its absorption. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Verapamil if Rifabutin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
      Voriconazole Rifabutin may decrease the serum concentration of voriconazole likely by increasing its metabolism via CYP3A enzymes. Voriconazole may increase the serum concentration of rifabutin likely by inhibiting its metabolism via CYP3A. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
      Warfarin Rifabutin may decrease the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by increasing its metabolism.
      Zidovudine The rifamycin decreases levels of zidovudine
      Food Interactions
      • High-fat meals slow the rate of absorption.
      • Take with food to reduce irritation.
      Targets

      1. DNA-directed RNA polymerase alpha chain

      Pharmacological action: yes
      Actions: inhibitor

      DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. This subunit plays an important role in subunit assembly since its dimerization is the first step in the sequential assembly of subunits to form the holoenzyme

      Organism class: bacterial
      UniProt ID: P0A7Z4 Link_out
      Gene: rpoA
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

      References:
      1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
      2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
      3. Maddix DS, Tallian KB, Mead PS: Rifabutin: a review with emphasis on its role in the prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Ann Pharmacother. 1994 Nov;28(11):1250-4. Pubmed

      2. DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta chain

      Pharmacological action: yes
      Actions: inhibitor

      DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates

      Organism class: bacterial
      UniProt ID: P0A8V2 Link_out
      Gene: rpoB
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

      References:
      1. Maddix DS, Tallian KB, Mead PS: Rifabutin: a review with emphasis on its role in the prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Ann Pharmacother. 1994 Nov;28(11):1250-4. Pubmed

      3. DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'

      Pharmacological action: yes
      Actions: inhibitor

      DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates

      Organism class: bacterial
      UniProt ID: P0A8T7 Link_out
      Gene: rpoC Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

      References:
      1. Maddix DS, Tallian KB, Mead PS: Rifabutin: a review with emphasis on its role in the prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Ann Pharmacother. 1994 Nov;28(11):1250-4. Pubmed

      4. Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha

      Pharmacological action: no
      Actions: other/unknown

      Molecular chaperone. Has ATPase activity

      Organism class: human
      UniProt ID: P07900 Link_out
      Gene: HSP90AA1 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

      References:
      1. Schnaider T, Somogyi J, Csermely P, Szamel M: The Hsp90-specific inhibitor geldanamycin selectively disrupts kinase-mediated signaling events of T-lymphocyte activation. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2000 Jan;5(1):52-61. Pubmed
      2. Neckers L, Schulte TW, Mimnaugh E: Geldanamycin as a potential anti-cancer agent: its molecular target and biochemical activity. Invest New Drugs. 1999;17(4):361-73. Pubmed
      3. Srethapakdi M, Liu F, Tavorath R, Rosen N: Inhibition of Hsp90 function by ansamycins causes retinoblastoma gene product-dependent G1 arrest. Cancer Res. 2000 Jul 15;60(14):3940-6. Pubmed
      4. Munster PN, Srethapakdi M, Moasser MM, Rosen N: Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 function by ansamycins causes the morphological and functional differentiation of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2001 Apr 1;61(7):2945-52. Pubmed
      5. Yang J, Yang JM, Iannone M, Shih WJ, Lin Y, Hait WN: Disruption of the EF-2 kinase/Hsp90 protein complex: a possible mechanism to inhibit glioblastoma by geldanamycin. Cancer Res. 2001 May 15;61(10):4010-6. Pubmed

      5. Endoplasmin

      Pharmacological action: no
      Actions: other/unknown

      Molecular chaperone that functions in the processing and transport of secreted proteins

      Organism class: human
      UniProt ID: P14625 Link_out
      Gene: HSP90B1 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

      References:
      1. Barzilay E, Ben-Califa N, Supino-Rosin L, Kashman Y, Hirschberg K, Elazar Z, Neumann D: Geldanamycin-associated inhibition of intracellular trafficking is attributed to a co-purified activity. J Biol Chem. 2004 Feb 20;279(8):6847-52. Epub 2003 Dec 1. Pubmed
      2. Chavany C, Mimnaugh E, Miller P, Bitton R, Nguyen P, Trepel J, Whitesell L, Schnur R, Moyer J, Neckers L: p185erbB2 binds to GRP94 in vivo. Dissociation of the p185erbB2/GRP94 heterocomplex by benzoquinone ansamycins precedes depletion of p185erbB2. J Biol Chem. 1996 Mar 1;271(9):4974-7. Pubmed
      3. Lawson B, Brewer JW, Hendershot LM: Geldanamycin, an hsp90/GRP94-binding drug, induces increased transcription of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones via the ER stress pathway. J Cell Physiol. 1998 Feb;174(2):170-8. Pubmed
      Enzymes

      1. Cytochrome P450 3A4

      Actions: substrate, inducer

      Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

      UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
      Gene: CYP3A4
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

      References:
      1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
      2. Ekins S, Bravi G, Wikel JH, Wrighton SA: Three-dimensional-quantitative structure activity relationship analysis of cytochrome P-450 3A4 substrates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Oct;291(1):424-33. Pubmed

      2. Cytochrome P450 1A2

      Actions: substrate

      Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen

      UniProt ID: P05177 Link_out
      Gene: CYP1A2
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

      References:
      1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
      Comments
      Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19