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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:07:32
Primary Accession Number DB00712
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00753
Name Flurbiprofen
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. FLP
  2. Flurbiprofen Sodium
  3. Flurbiprofene [INN-French]
  4. Flurbiprofeno [INN-Spanish]
  5. Flurbiprofenum [INN-Latin]
Brand Names
  1. Adfeed
  2. Ansaid
  3. Antadys
  4. Apo-Flurbiprofen
  5. Cebutid
  6. Flurbiprofen Axetil
  7. Flurofen
  8. Froben
  9. Froben Sr
  10. Novo-Flurprofen
  11. Nu-Flurbiprofen
  12. Ocufen
  13. Stayban
  14. Zepolas
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name 2-(3-fluoro-4-phenylphenyl)propanoic acid
Chemical Formula C15H13FO2
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 5104-49-4
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C15H13FO2/c1-10(15(17)18)12-7-8-13(14(16)9-12)11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-10H,1H3,(H,17,18)/f/h17H
InChI Key SYTBZMRGLBWNTM-HCKMINDGCQ
KEGG Drug D00330 Link Image
KEGG Compound Not Available
PubChem Compound 3394 Link Image
PubChem Substance 163961 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA449683 Link Image
HET ID FL2 Link Image
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02020661 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/flurbipro.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/ans1023.shtml Link Image
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flurbiprofen Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 244.2609
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 244.0900
State Solid
Melting Point 110-111 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 8 mg/L Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 2.49e-02 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 3.8 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 3.57 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS -4.49 [ADME Research, USCD]
Predicted LogS -3.99 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES C[C@@H](C(O)=O)C1=CC(F)=C(C=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
Canonical SMILES CC(C(O)=O)C1=CC(F)=C(C=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
Drug Category
  • Analgesics
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Anti-inflammatory Agents
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
  • Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents (NSAIDs)
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 28:08.04.92
  • 52:08.20
Indication Flurbiprofen tablets are indicated for the acute or long-term treatment of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteorarthritis.
Pharmacology Flurbiprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) of the propionic acid class, is used for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and for the inhibition of intraoperative miosis. Flurbiprofen exhibits antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities.
Mechanism of Action The antiinflammatory effect of flurbiprofen may result from the reversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase, causing the peripheral inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Flurbiprofen also inhibits the migration of leukocytes into sites of inflammation and prevents the formation of thromboxane A2, an aggregating agent, by the platelets.
Absorption The mean oral bioavailability of flurbiprofen from tablets is 96% relative to an oral solution.
Toxicity LD50=10 mg/kg (orally in dogs).
Protein Binding > 99%
Biotransformation Hepatic. Cytochrome P450 2C9 plays an important role in the metabolism of flurbiprofen to its major metabolite, 4’-hydroxy-flurbiprofen. The 4’-hydroxy-flurbiprofen metabolite showed little anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of inflammation.
Half Life 4.7-5.7 hours
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Capsule, extended release Oral
Liquid Ophthalmic
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acenocoumarol The NSAID increases the anticoagulant effect
Alendronate Increased risk of gastric toxicity
Anisindione The NSAID increases the anticoagulant effect
Cyclosporine Monitor for nephrotoxicity
Dicumarol The NSAID increases the anticoagulant effect
Methotrexate The NSAID increases the effect and toxicity of methotrexate
Warfarin The NSAID increases the anticoagulant effect
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Take with food to reduce irritation.
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Drugs.com Link Image
  2. Wikipedia Link Image
  3. RxList Link Image
  4. PDRhealth Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)
Targets
  1. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
  2. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
  3. Serum albumin
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP2C9
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P11712 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P11712|CP2C9_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C9 (EC 1.14.13.80) 
MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDISKSLTNLSKV
YGPVFTLYFGLKPIVVLHGYEAVKEALIDLGEEFSGRGIFPLAERANRGFGIVFSNGKKW
KEIRRFSLMTLRNFGMGKRSIEDRVQEEARCLVEELRKTKASPCDPTFILGCAPCNVICS
IIFHKRFDYKDQQFLNLMEKLNENIKILSSPWIQICNNFSPIIDYFPGTHNKLLKNVAFM
KSYILEKVKEHQESMDMNNPQDFIDCFLMKMEKEKHNQPSEFTIESLENTAVDLFGAGTE
TTSTTLRYALLLLLKHPEVTAKVQEEIERVIGRNRSPCMQDRSHMPYTDAVVHEVQRYID
LLPTSLPHAVTCDIKFRNYLIPKGTTILISLTSVLHDNKEFPNPEMFDPHHFLDEGGNFK
KSKYFMPFSAGKRICVGEALAGMELFLFLTSILQNFNLKSLVDPKNLDTTPVVNGFASVP
PFYQLCFIPV
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 20
Target 1 Name Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. COX-1
  2. Cyclooxygenase- 1
  3. EC 1.14.99.1
  4. PGH synthase 1
  5. PGHS-1
  6. PHS 1
  7. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 precursor
  8. Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1
  9. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1
Target 1 Gene Name PTGS1
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 precursor 
MSRSLLLRFLLFLLLLPPLPVLLADPGAPTPVNPCCYYPCQHQGICVRFGLDRYQCDCTR
TGYSGPNCTIPGLWTWLRNSLRPSPSFTHFLLTHGRWFWEFVNATFIREMLMRLVLTVRS
NLIPSPPTYNSAHDYISWESFSNVSYYTRILPSVPKDCPTPMGTKGKKQLPDAQLLARRF
LLRRKFIPDPQGTNLMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTSGKMGPGFTKALGHGVDLGHIYGDNLERQ
YQLRLFKDGKLKYQVLDGEMYPPSVEEAPVLMHYPRGIPPQSQMAVGQEVFGLLPGLMLY
ATLWLREHNRVCDLLKAEHPTWGDEQLFQTTRLILIGETIKIVIEEYVQQLSGYFLQLKF
DPELLFGVQFQYRNRIAMEFNHLYHWHPLMPDSFKVGSQEYSYEQFLFNTSMLVDYGVEA
LVDAFSRQIAGRIGGGRNMDHHILHVAVDVIRESREMRLQPFNEYRKRFGMKPYTSFQEL
VGEKEMAAELEELYGDIDALEFYPGLLLEKCHPNSIFGESMIEIGAPFSLKGLLGNPICS
PEYWKPSTFGGEVGFNIVKTATLKKLVCLNTKTCPYVSFRVPDASQDDGPAVERPSTEL
Target 1 Number of Residues 608
Target 1 Molecular Weight 68657
Target 1 Theoretical pI 7.39
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
antioxidant activity
peroxidase activity
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 1 General Function Involved in peroxidase activity
Target 1 Specific Function May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically transformed cells
Target 1 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Prostaglandin and leukotriene metabolism map00590 Link Image
Target 1 Reactions
  • arachidonate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • 1-23
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 387018 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P23219 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PGH1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Microsome
  • microsomal membrane
  • peripheral membrane protein
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1800 bp 
ATGAGCCGGAGTCTCTTGCTCCGGTTCTTGCTGTTGCTGCTCCTGCTCCCGCCGCTCCCC
GTCCTGCTCGCGGACCCAGGGGCGCCCACGCCAGTGAATCCCTGTTGTTACTATCCATGC
CAGCACCAGGGCATCTGTGTCCGCTTCGGCCTTGACCGCTACCAGTGTGACTGCACCCGC
ACGGGCTATTCCGGCCCCAACTGCACCATCCCTGGCCTGTGGACCTGGCTCCGGAATTCA
CTGCGGCCCAGCCCCTCTTTCACCCACTTCCTGCTCACTCACGGGCGCTGGTTCTGGGAG
TTTGTCAATGCCACCTTCATCCGAGAGATGCTCATGCTCCTGGTACTCACAGTGCGCTCC
AACCTTATCCCCAGTCCCCCCACCTACAACTCTGCACATGACTACATCAGCTGGGAGTCT
TTCTCCAACGTGAGCTATTACACTCGTATTCTGCCCTCTGTGCCTAAAGATTGCCCCACA
CCCATGGGAACCAAAGGGAAGAAGCAGTTGCCAGATGCCCAGCTCCTGGCCCGCCGCTTC
CTGCTCAGGAGGAAGTTCATACCTGACCCCCAAGGCACCAACCTCATGTTTGCCTTCTTT
GCACAACACTTCACCCACCAGTTCTTCAAAACTTCTGGCAAGATGGGTCCTGGCTTCACC
AAGGCCTTGGGCCATGGGGTAGACCTCGGCCACATTTATGGAGACAATCTGGAGCGTCAG
TATCAACTGCGGCTCTTTAAGGATGGGAAACTCAAGTACCAGGTGCTGGATGGAGAAATG
TACCCGCCCTCGGTAGAAGAGGCGCCTGTGTTGATGCACTACCCCCGAGGCATCCCGCCC
CAGAGCCAGATGGCTGTGGGCCAGGAGGTGTTTGGGCTGCTTCCTGGGCTCATGCTGTAT
GCCACGCTCTGGCTACGTGAGCACAACCGTGTGTGTGACCTGCTGAAGGCTGAGCACCCC
ACCTGGGGCGATGAGCAGCTTTTCCAGACGACCCGCCTCATCCTCATAGGGGAGACCATC
AAGATTGTCATCGAGGAGTACGTGCAGCAGCTGAGTGGCTATTTCCTGCAGCTGAAATTT
GACCCAGAGCTGCTGTTCGGTGTCCAGTTCCAATACCGCAACCGCATTGCCACGGAGTTC
AACCATCTCTACCACTGGCACCCCCTCATGCCTGACTCCTTCAAGGTGGGCTCCCAGGAG
TACAGCTACGAGCAGTTCTTGTTCAACACCTCCATGTTGGTGGACTATGGGGTTGAGGCC
CTGGTGGATGCCTTCTCTCGCCAGATTGCTGGCCGGATCGGTGGGGGCAGGAACATGGAC
CACCACATCCTGCATGTGGCTGTGGATGTCATCAGGGAGTCTCGGGAGATGCGGCTGCAG
CCCTTCAATGAGTACCGCAAGAGGTTTGGCATGAAACCCTACACCTCCTTCCAGGAGCTC
GTAGGAGAGAAGGAGATGGCAGCAGAGTTGGAGGAATTGTATGGAGACATTGATGCGTTG
GAGTTCTACCCTGGACTGCTTCTTGAAAAGTGCCATCCAAACTCTATCTTTGGGGAGAGT
ATGATAGAGATTGGGGCTCCCTTTTCCCTCAAGGGTCTCCTAGGGAATCCCATCTGTTCT
CCGGAGTACTGGAAGCCGAGCACATTTGGCGGCGAGGTGGGCTTTAACATTGTCAAGACG
GCCACACTGAAGAAGCTGGTCTGCCTCAACACCAAGACCTGTCCCTACGTTTCCTTCCGT
GTGCCGGATGCCAGTCAGGATGATGGGCCTGCTGTGGAGCGACCATCCACAGAGCTCTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID PTGS1 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID PTGS1 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:9604 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 9
Target 1 Locus 9q32-q33.3
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Diaz A, Reginato AM, Jimenez SA: Alternative splicing of human prostaglandin G/H synthase mRNA and evidence of differential regulation of the resulting transcripts by transforming growth factor beta 1, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. J Biol Chem. 1992 May 25;267(15):10816-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Takahashi Y, Ueda N, Yoshimoto T, Yamamoto S, Yokoyama C, Miyata A, Tanabe T, Fuse I, Hattori A, Shibata A: Immunoaffinity purification and cDNA cloning of human platelet prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Jan 31;182(2):433-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Funk CD, Funk LB, Kennedy ME, Pong AS, Fitzgerald GA: Human platelet/erythroleukemia cell prostaglandin G/H synthase: cDNA cloning, expression, and gene chromosomal assignment. FASEB J. 1991 Jun;5(9):2304-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Yokoyama C, Tanabe T: Cloning of human gene encoding prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and primary structure of the enzyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Dec 15;165(2):888-94. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Rieke CJ, Mulichak AM, Garavito RM, Smith WL: The role of arginine 120 of human prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-2 in the interaction with fatty acid substrates and inhibitors. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 11;274(24):17109-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Hewett SJ, Uliasz TF, Vidwans AS, Hewett JA: Cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated neuronal cell death in primary cortical cell culture. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 May;293(2):417-25. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Kurahashi K, Shirahase H, Nakamura S, Tarumi T, Koshino Y, Wang AM, Nishihashi T, Shimizu Y: Nicotine-induced contraction in the rat coronary artery: possible involvement of the endothelium, reactive oxygen species and COX-1 metabolites. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2001 Oct;38 Suppl 1:S21-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Klegeris A, McGeer PL: Cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors protect against mononuclear phagocyte neurotoxicity. Neurobiol Aging. 2002 Sep-Oct;23(5):787-94. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Droge MJ, van Sorge AA, van Haeringen NJ, Quax WJ, Zaagsma J: Alternative splicing of cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA in the human iris. Ophthalmic Res. 2003 May-Jun;35(3):160-3. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 290
Target 2 Name Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. COX-2
  2. Cyclooxygenase- 2
  3. EC 1.14.99.1
  4. PGH synthase 2
  5. PGHS-2
  6. PHS II
  7. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 precursor
  8. Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2
  9. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
Target 2 Gene Name PTGS2
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 precursor 
MLARALLLCAVLALSHTANPCCSHPCQNRGVCMSVGFDQYKCDCTRTGFYGENCSTPEFL
TRIKLFLKPTPNTVHYILTHFKGFWNVVNNIPFLRNAIMSYVLTSRSHLIDSPPTYNADY
GYKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPVPDDCPTPLGVKGKKQLPDSNEIVEKLLLRRKFIPDPQGS
NMMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTDHKRGPAFTNGLGHGVDLNHIYGETLARQRKLRLFKDGKMKY
QIIDGEMYPPTVKDTQAEMIYPPQVPEHLRFAVGQEVFGLVPGLMMYATIWLREHNRVCD
VLKQEHPEWGDEQLFQTSRLILIGETIKIVIEDYVQHLSGYHFKLKFDPELLFNKQFQYQ
NRIAAEFNTLYHWHPLLPDTFQIHDQKYNYQQFIYNNSILLEHGITQFVESFTRQIAGRV
AGGRNVPPAVQKVSQASIDQSRQMKYQSFNEYRKRFMLKPYESFEELTGEKEMSAELEAL
YGDIDAVELYPALLVEKPRPDAIFGETMVEVGAPFSLKGLMGNVICSPAYWKPSTFGGEV
GFQIINTASIQSLICNNVKGCPFTSFSVPDPELIKTVTINASSSRSGLDDINPTVLLKER
STEL
Target 2 Number of Residues 614
Target 2 Molecular Weight 68997
Target 2 Theoretical pI 7.41
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
antioxidant activity
peroxidase activity
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 2 General Function Involved in peroxidase activity
Target 2 Specific Function May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity
Target 2 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Prostaglandin and leukotriene metabolism map00590 Link Image
Target 2 Reactions
  • arachidonate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • 1-17
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 291988 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P35354 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PGH2_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Microsome
  • microsomal membrane
  • peripheral membrane protein
Target 2 Gene Sequence >1815 bp 
ATGCTCGCCCGCGCCCTGCTGCTGTGCGCGGTCCTGGCGCTCAGCCATACAGCAAATCCT
TGCTGTTCCCACCCATGTCAAAACCGAGGTGTATGTATGAGTGTGGGATTTGACCAGTAT
AAGTGCGATTGTACCCGGACAGGATTCTATGGAGAAAACTGCTCAACACCGGAATTTTTG
ACAAGAATAAAATTATTTCTGAAACCCACTCCAAACACAGTGCACTACATACTTACCCAC
TTCAAGGGATTTTGGAACGTTGTGAATAACATTCCCTTCCTTCGAAATGCAATTATGAGT
TATGTGTTGACATCCAGATCACATTTGATTGACAGTCCACCAACTTACAATGCTGACTAT
GGCTACAAAAGCTGGGAAGCCTTCTCTAACCTCTCCTATTATACTAGAGCCCTTCCTCCT
GTGCCTGATGATTGCCCGACTCCCTTGGGTGTCAAAGGTAAAAAGCAGCTTCCTGATTCA
AATGAGATTGTGGAAAAATTGCTTCTAAGAAGAAAGTTCATCCCTGATCCCCAGGGCTCA
AACATGATGTTTGCATTCTTTGCCCAGCACTTCACGCATCAGTTTTTCAAGACAGATCAT
AAGCGAGGGCCAGCTTTCACCAACGGGCTGGGCCATGGGGTGGACTTAAATCATATTTAC
GGTGAAACTCTGGCTAGACAGCGTAAACTGCGCCTTTTCAAGGATGGAAAAATGAAATAT
CAGATAATTGATGGAGAGATGTATCCTCCCACAGTCAAAGATACTCAGGCAGAGATGATC
TACCCTCCTCAAGTCCCTGAGCATCTACGGTTTGCTGTGGGGCAGGAGGTCTTTGGTCTG
GTGCCTGGTCTGATGATGTATGCCACAATCTGGCTGCGGGAACACAACAGAGTATGCGAT
GTGCTTAAACAGGAGCATCCTGAATGGGGTGATGAGCAGTTGTTCCAGACAAGCAGGCTA
ATACTGATAGGAGAGACTATTAAGATTGTGATTGAAGATTATGTGCAACACTTGAGTGGC
TATCACTTCAAACTGAAATTTGACCCAGAACTACTTTTCAACAAACAATTCCAGTACCAA
AATCGTATTGCTGCTGAATTTAACACCCTCTATCACTGGCATCCCCTTCTGCCTGACACC
TTTCAAATTCATGACCAGAAATACAACTATCAACAGTTTATCTACAACAACTCTATATTG
CTGGAACATGGAATTACCCAGTTTGTTGAATCATTCACCAGGCAAATTGCTGGCAGGGTT
GCTGGTGGTAGGAATGTTCCACCCGCAGTACAGAAAGTATCACAGGCTTCCACTGACCAG
AGCAGGCAGATGAAATACCAGTCTTTTAATGAGTACCGCAAACGCTTTATGCTGAAGCCC
TATGAATCATTTGAAGAACTTACAGGAGAAAAGGAAATGTCTGCAGAGTTGGAAGCACTC
TATGGTGACATCGATGCTGTGGAGCTGTATCCTGCCCTTCTGGTAGAAAAGCCTCGGCCA
GATGCCATCTTTGGTGAAACCATGGTAGAAGTTGGAGCACCATTCTCCTTGAAAGGACTT
ATGGGTAATGTTATATGTTCTCCTGCCTACTGGAAGCCAAGCACTTTTGGTGGAGAAGTG
GGTTTTCAAATCATCAACACTGCCTCAATTCAGTCTCTCATCTGCAATAACGTGAAGGGC
TGTCCCTTTACTTCATTCAGTGTTCCAGATCCAGAGCTCATTAAAACAGTCACCATCAAT
GCAAGTTCTTCCCGCTCCGGACTAGATGATATCAATCCCACAGTACTACTAAAAGAACGT
TCGACTGAACTGTAG
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID PTGS2 Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID PTGS2 Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:9605 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 1
Target 2 Locus 1q25.2-q25.3
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Hla T, Neilson K: Human cyclooxygenase-2 cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 15;89(16):7384-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Appleby SB, Ristimaki A, Neilson K, Narko K, Hla T: Structure of the human cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene. Biochem J. 1994 Sep 15;302 ( Pt 3):723-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Kosaka T, Miyata A, Ihara H, Hara S, Sugimoto T, Takeda O, Takahashi E, Tanabe T: Characterization of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2. Eur J Biochem. 1994 May 1;221(3):889-97. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Jones DA, Carlton DP, McIntyre TM, Zimmerman GA, Prescott SM: Molecular cloning of human prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase type II and demonstration of expression in response to cytokines. J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 25;268(12):9049-54. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Bayly CI, Black WC, Leger S, Ouimet N, Ouellet M, Percival MD: Structure-based design of COX-2 selectivity into flurbiprofen. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1999 Feb 8;9(3):307-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kusuhara H, Komatsu H, Sumichika H, Sugahara K: Reactive oxygen species are involved in the apoptosis induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cultured gastric cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999 Nov 3;383(3):331-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. van Haeringen NJ, van Sorge AA, Carballosa Core-Bodelier VM: Constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 and induced cyclooxygenase-2 in isolated human iris inhibited by S(+) flurbiprofen. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Aug;16(4):353-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Smith T, McCracken J, Shin YK, DeWitt D: Arachidonic acid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce conformational changes in the human prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 synthase-2 (cyclooxygenase-2). J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 22;275(51):40407-15. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Hinz B, Brune K, Rau T, Pahl A: Flurbiprofen enantiomers inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Pharm Res. 2001 Feb;18(2):151-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 587
Target 3 Name Serum albumin
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. Serum albumin precursor
Target 3 Gene Name ALB
Target 3 Protein Sequence >Serum albumin precursor 
MKWVTFISLLFLFSSAYSRGVFRRDAHKSEVAHRFKDLGEENFKALVLIAFAQYLQQCPF
EDHVKLVNEVTEFAKTCVADESAENCDKSLHTLFGDKLCTVATLRETYGEMADCCAKQEP
ERNECFLQHKDDNPNLPRLVRPEVDVMCTAFHDNEETFLKKYLYEIARRHPYFYAPELLF
FAKRYKAAFTECCQAADKAACLLPKLDELRDEGKASSAKQRLKCASLQKFGERAFKAWAV
ARLSQRFPKAEFAEVSKLVTDLTKVHTECCHGDLLECADDRADLAKYICENQDSISSKLK
ECCEKPLLEKSHCIAEVENDEMPADLPSLAADFVESKDVCKNYAEAKDVFLGMFLYEYAR
RHPDYSVVLLLRLAKTYETTLEKCCAAADPHECYAKVFDEFKPLVEEPQNLIKQNCELFE
QLGEYKFQNALLVRYTKKVPQVSTPTLVEVSRNLGKVGSKCCKHPEAKRMPCAEDYLSVV
LNQLCVLHEKTPVSDRVTKCCTESLVNRRPCFSALEVDETYVPKEFNAETFTFHADICTL
SEKERQIKKQTALVELVKHKPKATKEQLKAVMDDFAAFVEKCCKADDKETCFAEEGKKLV
AASQAALGL
Target 3 Number of Residues 619
Target 3 Molecular Weight 69367
Target 3 Theoretical pI 6.21
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
transporter activity
carrier activity
Process
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
Component
extracellular region
extracellular space
Target 3 General Function Involved in antioxidant activity
Target 3 Specific Function Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood
Target 3 Pathways Not Available
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function
Target 3 Signals
  • 1-18
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 3 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein 28590 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P02768 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ALBU_HUMAN Link Image
Target 3 PDB ID 1HA2 Link Image
Target 3 PDB File Show
Target 3 3D Structure
Target 3 Cellular Location
  • Secreted protein
Target 3 Gene Sequence >1830 bp 
ATGAAGTGGGTAACCTTTATTTCCCTTCTTTTTCTCTTTAGCTCGGCTTATTCCAGGGGT
GTGTTTCGTCGAGATGCACACAAGAGTGAGGTTGCTCATCGGTTTAAAGATTTGGGAGAA
GAAAATTTCAAAGCCTTGGTGTTGATTGCCTTTGCTCAGTATCTTCAGCAGTGTCCATTT
GAAGATCATGTAAAATTAGTGAATGAAGTAACTGAATTTGCAAAAACATGTGTTGCTGAT
GAGTCAGCTGAAAATTGTGACAAATCACTTCATACCCTTTTTGGAGACAAATTATGCACA
GTTGCAACTCTTCGTGAAACCTATGGTGAAATGGCTGACTGCTGTGCAAAACAAGAACCT
GGGAGAAATGAATGCTTCTTGCAACACAAAGATGACAACCCAAACCTCCCCCGATTGGTG
AGACCAGAGGTTGATGTGATGTGCACTGCTTTTCATGACAATGAAGAGACATTTTTGAAA
AAATACTTATATGAAATTGCCAGAAGACATCCTTACTTTTATGCCCCGGAACTCCTTTTC
TTTGCTAAAAGGTATAAAGCTGCTTTTACAGAATGTTGCCAAGCTGCTGATAAAGCTGCC
TGCCTGTTGCCAAAGCTCGATGAACTTCGGGATGAAGGGAAGGCTTCGTCTGCCAAACAG
AGACTCAAGTGTGCCAGTCTCCAAAAATTTGGAGAAAGAGCTTTCAAAGCATGGGCAGTA
GCTCGCCTGAGCCAGAGATTTCCCAAAGCTGAGTTTGCAGAAGTTTCCAAGTTAGTGACA
GATCTTACCAAAGTCCACACGGAATGCTGCCATGGAGATCTGCTTGAATGTGCTGATGAC
AGGGCGGACCTTGCCAAGTATATCTGTGAAAATCAAGATTCGATCTCCAGTAAACTGAAG
GAATGCTGTGAAAAACCTCTGTTGGAAAAATCCCACTGCATTGCCGAAGTGGAAAATGAT
GAGATGCCTGCTGACTTGCCTTCATTAGCTGCTGATTTTGTTGAAAGTAAGGATGTTTGC
AAAAACTATGCTGAGGCAAAGGATGTCTTCTTGGGCATGTTTTTGTATGAATATGCAAGA
AGGCATCCTGATTACTCTGTCGTGCTGCTGCTGAGACTTGCCAAGACATATGAAACCACT
CTAGAGAAGTGCTGTGCCGCTGCAGATCCTCATGAATGCTATGCCAAAGTGTTCGATGAA
TTTAAACCTCTTGTGGAAGAGCCTCAGAATTTAATCAAACAAAATTGTGAGCTTTTTGAG
CAGCTTGGAGAGTACAAATTCCAGAATGCGCTGTTAGTTCGTTACACCAAGAAAGTACCC
GAAGTGTCAACTCCAACTCTTGTAGAGGTCTCAAGAAACCTAGGAAAAGTGGGCAGCAAA
TGTTGTAAACATCCTGAAGCAAAAAGAATGCCCTGTGCAGAAGACTATCTATCCGTGGTC
CTGAACCAGTTATGTGTGTTGCATGAGAAAACGCCAGTAAGTGACAGAGTCACCAAATGC
TGCACAGAATCCTTGGTGAACAGGCGACCATGCTTTTCAGCTCTGGAAGTCGATGAAACA
TACGTTCCCAAAGAGTTTAATGCTGAAACATTCACCTTCCATGCAGATATATGCACACTT
TCTGAGAAGGAGAGACAAATCAAGAAACAAACTGCACTTGTTGAGCTCGTGAAACACAAG
CCCAAGGCAACAAAAGAGCAACTGAAAGCTGTTATGGATGATTTCGCTGCTTTTGTAGAG
AAGTGCTGCAAGGCTGACGATAAGGAGACCTGCTTTGCCGAGGAGGGTAAAAAACTTGTT
GCTGCAAGTCAAGCTGCCTTAGGCTTATAA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID ALB Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID ALB Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:399 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location 4
Target 3 Locus 4q11-q13
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 General References
  1. Sugio S, Kashima A, Mochizuki S, Noda M, Kobayashi K: Crystal structure of human serum albumin at 2.5 A resolution. Protein Eng. 1999 Jun;12(6):439-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bhattacharya AA, Curry S, Franks NP: Binding of the general anesthetics propofol and halothane to human serum albumin. High resolution crystal structures. J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 8;275(49):38731-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Minchiotti L, Campagnoli M, Rossi A, Cosulich ME, Monti M, Pucci P, Kragh-Hansen U, Granel B, Disdier P, Weiller PJ, Galliano M: A nucleotide insertion and frameshift cause albumin Kenitra, an extended and O-glycosylated mutant of human serum albumin with two additional disulfide bridges. Eur J Biochem. 2001 Jan;268(2):344-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Yu Y, Zhang C, Zhou G, Wu S, Qu X, Wei H, Xing G, Dong C, Zhai Y, Wan J, Ouyang S, Li L, Zhang S, Zhou K, Zhang Y, Wu C, He F: Gene expression profiling in human fetal liver and identification of tissue- and developmental-stage-specific genes through compiled expression profiles and efficient cloning of full-length cDNAs. Genome Res. 2001 Aug;11(8):1392-403. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Spahr CS, Davis MT, McGinley MD, Robinson JH, Bures EJ, Beierle J, Mort J, Courchesne PL, Chen K, Wahl RC, Yu W, Luethy R, Patterson SD: Towards defining the urinary proteome using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. I. Profiling an unfractionated tryptic digest. Proteomics. 2001 Jan;1(1):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Petitpas I, Grune T, Bhattacharya AA, Curry S: Crystal structures of human serum albumin complexed with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Mol Biol. 2001 Dec 14;314(5):955-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Meloun B, Moravek L, Kostka V: Complete amino acid sequence of human serum albumin. FEBS Lett. 1975 Oct 15;58(1):134-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2265-70. Epub 2003 Sep 15. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Minchiotti L, Galliano M, Stoppini M, Ferri G, Crespeau H, Rochu D, Porta F: Two alloalbumins with identical electrophoretic mobility are produced by differently charged amino acid substitutions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Mar 12;1119(3):232-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 1518850 Carlson J, Sakamoto Y, Laurell CB, Madison J, Watkins S, Putnam FW: Alloalbuminemia in Sweden: structural study and phenotypic distribution of nine albumin variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 1;89(17):8225-9.
  12. 1630489 He XM, Carter DC: Atomic structure and chemistry of human serum albumin. Nature. 1992 Jul 16;358(6383):209-15.
  13. 1859851 Peach RJ, Brennan SO: Structural characterization of a glycoprotein variant of human serum albumin: albumin Casebrook (494 Asp----Asn). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Jul 26;1097(1):49-54.
  14. 1946412 Madison J, Arai K, Sakamoto Y, Feld RD, Kyle RA, Watkins S, Davis E, Matsuda Y, Amaki I, Putnam FW: Genetic variants of serum albumin in Americans and Japanese. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 1;88(21):9853-7.
  15. 2068071 Watkins S, Madison J, Davis E, Sakamoto Y, Galliano M, Minchiotti L, Putnam FW: A donor splice mutation and a single-base deletion produce two carboxyl-terminal variants of human serum albumin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jul 15;88(14):5959-63.
  16. 2104980 Brennan SO, Myles T, Peach RJ, Donaldson D, George PM: Albumin Redhill (-1 Arg, 320 Ala----Thr): a glycoprotein variant of human serum albumin whose precursor has an aberrant signal peptidase cleavage site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(1):26-30.
  17. 2247440 Galliano M, Minchiotti L, Porta F, Rossi A, Ferri G, Madison J, Watkins S, Putnam FW: Mutations in genetic variants of human serum albumin found in Italy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(22):8721-5.
  18. 2374930 Carter DC, He XM: Structure of human serum albumin. Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):302-3.
  19. 2404284 Arai K, Madison J, Shimizu A, Putnam FW: Point substitutions in albumin genetic variants from Asia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(1):497-501.
  20. 2419329 Urano Y, Watanabe K, Sakai M, Tamaoki T: The human albumin gene. Characterization of the 5' and 3' flanking regions and the polymorphic gene transcripts. J Biol Chem. 1986 Mar 5;261(7):3244-51.
  21. 2437111 Carraway RE, Mitra SP, Cochrane DE: Structure of a biologically active neurotensin-related peptide obtained from pepsin-treated albumin(s). J Biol Chem. 1987 May 5;262(13):5968-73.
  22. 2727704 Carter DC, He XM, Munson SH, Twigg PD, Gernert KM, Broom MB, Miller TY: Three-dimensional structure of human serum albumin. Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1195-8.
  23. 2762316 Arai K, Madison J, Huss K, Ishioka N, Satoh C, Fujita M, Neel JV, Sakurabayashi I, Putnam FW: Point substitutions in Japanese alloalbumins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(16):6092-6.
  24. 2911589 Arai K, Ishioka N, Huss K, Madison J, Putnam FW: Identical structural changes in inherited albumin variants from different populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jan;86(2):434-8.
  25. 3009475 Minghetti PP, Ruffner DE, Kuang WJ, Dennison OE, Hawkins JW, Beattie WG, Dugaiczyk A: Molecular structure of the human albumin gene is revealed by nucleotide sequence within q11-22 of chromosome 4. J Biol Chem. 1986 May 25;261(15):6747-57.
  26. 3087352 Mogard MH, Kobayashi R, Chen CF, Lee TD, Reeve JR Jr, Shively JE, Walsh JH: The amino acid sequence of kinetensin, a novel peptide isolated from pepsin-treated human plasma: homology with human serum albumin, neurotensin and angiotensin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 May 14;136(3):983-8.
  27. 3474609 Takahashi N, Takahashi Y, Blumberg BS, Putnam FW: Amino acid substitutions in genetic variants of human serum albumin and in sequences inferred from molecular cloning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(13):4413-7.
  28. 3479777 Takahashi N, Takahashi Y, Isobe T, Putnam FW, Fujita M, Satoh C, Neel JV: Amino acid substitutions in inherited albumin variants from Amerindian and Japanese populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(22):8001-5.
  29. 3828358 Brennan SO, Herbert P: Albumin Canterbury (313 Lys----Asn). A point mutation in the second domain of serum albumin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Apr 8;912(2):191-7.
  30. 6171778 Lawn RM, Adelman J, Bock SC, Franke AE, Houck CM, Najarian RC, Seeburg PH, Wion KL: The sequence of human serum albumin cDNA and its expression in E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Nov 25;9(22):6103-114.
  31. 6275391 Dugaiczyk A, Law SW, Dennison OE: Nucleotide sequence and the encoded amino acids of human serum albumin mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(1):71-5.
  32. 656055 Jacobsen C: Lysine residue 240 of human serum albumin is involved in high-affinity binding of bilirubin. Biochem J. 1978 May 1;171(2):453-9.
  33. 7852505 Rushbrook JI, Becker E, Schussler GC, Divino CM: Identification of a human serum albumin species associated with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Feb;80(2):461-7.
  34. 7895732 Corbett JM, Wheeler CH, Baker CS, Yacoub MH, Dunn MJ: The human myocardial two-dimensional gel protein database: update 1994. Electrophoresis. 1994 Nov;15(11):1459-65.
  35. 7902134 Galliano M, Minchiotti L, Iadarola P, Stoppini M, Giagnoni P, Watkins S, Madison J, Putnam FW: Protein and DNA sequence analysis of a 'private' genetic variant: albumin Ortonovo (Glu-505-->Lys). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 25;1225(1):27-32.
  36. 8022807 Madison J, Galliano M, Watkins S, Minchiotti L, Porta F, Rossi A, Putnam FW: Genetic variants of human serum albumin in Italy: point mutants and a carboxyl-terminal variant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jul 5;91(14):6476-80.
  37. 8048949 Sunthornthepvarakul T, Angkeow P, Weiss RE, Hayashi Y, Refetoff S: An identical missense mutation in the albumin gene results in familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia in 8 unrelated families. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jul 29;202(2):781-7.
  38. 8347685 Brennan SO, Fellowes AP: Albumin Hawkes Bay; a low level variant caused by loss of a sulphydryl group at position 177. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Aug 4;1182(1):46-50.
  39. 8513793 Minchiotti L, Galliano M, Zapponi MC, Tenni R: The structural characterization and bilirubin-binding properties of albumin Herborn, a [Lys240-->Glu] albumin mutant. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Jun 1;214(2):437-44.
  40. 9329347 Wada N, Chiba H, Shimizu C, Kijima H, Kubo M, Koike T: A novel missense mutation in codon 218 of the albumin gene in a distinct phenotype of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia in a Japanese kindred. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Oct;82(10):3246-50.
  41. 955075 Walker JE: Lysine residue 199 of human serum albumin is modified by acetylsalicyclic acid. FEBS Lett. 1976 Jul 15;66(2):173-5.
  42. 9589637 Sunthornthepvarakul T, Likitmaskul S, Ngowngarmratana S, Angsusingha K, Kitvitayasak S, Scherberg NH, Refetoff S: Familial dysalbuminemic hypertriiodothyroninemia: a new, dominantly inherited albumin defect. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 May;83(5):1448-54.
  43. 9731778 Curry S, Mandelkow H, Brick P, Franks N: Crystal structure of human serum albumin complexed with fatty acid reveals an asymmetric distribution of binding sites. Nat Struct Biol. 1998 Sep;5(9):827-35.
Target 3 Drug References
  1. Evans SM, Whittle BJ: Interactive roles of superoxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat intestinal injury provoked by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Oct 19;429(1-3):287-96. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Takla PG, Schulman SG, Perrin JH: Measurement of flurbiprofen-human serum albumin interaction by fluorimetry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1985;3(1):41-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gudgeon JR, Martin W: Modulation of arterial endothelial permeability: studies on an in vitro model. Br J Pharmacol. 1989 Dec;98(4):1267-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Aarons L, Khan AZ, Grennan DM, Alam-Siddiqi M: The binding of flurbiprofen to plasma proteins. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1985 Sep;37(9):644-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Castell JV, Larrauri A, Gomez-Lechon MJ: A study of the relative hepatotoxicity in vitro of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen, flurbiprofen and butibufen. Xenobiotica. 1988 Jun;18(6):737-45. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.