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Identification
Name Primidone
Accession Number DB00794 (APRD00549)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

An antiepileptic agent related to the barbiturates; it is partly metabolized to phenobarbital in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite. Adverse effects are reported to be more frequent than with phenobarbital. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p309)
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms Not Available
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Apo-Primidone
Cyral
Desoxyphenobarbitone
Hexadiona
Hexamidine
Lepimidin
Lepsiral
Liskantin
Majsolin
Medi-Pets
Midone
Milepsin
Misodine
Misolyne
Mizodin
Mizolin
Myidone
Mylepsin
Mylepsinum
Mysedon
Mysoline
Neurosyn
Pms Primidone
Prilepsin
Primacione
Primaclone
Primacone
Primakton
Primidon
Primidone Methanol Solution
Primoline
Prysoline
Pyrimidone "Medi-Pets"
Pyrimidone Medi-Pets
Resimatil
Sertan
First Prev Next Last
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Anticonvulsants
  • Barbiturates
CAS number 125-33-7
Weight Average: 218.2518
Monoisotopic: 218.105527702
Chemical Formula C12H14N2O2
InChI Key InChIKey=DQMZLTXERSFNPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C12H14N2O2/c1-2-12(9-6-4-3-5-7-9)10(15)13-8-14-11(12)16/h3-7H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,13,15)(H,14,16)
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
SMILES
CCC1(C(=O)NCNC1=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
Plain Text
Mass Spec show (9.01 KB)
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Barbiturates
  • Phenethylamines
  • Lactams
Substructures
  • Barbiturates
  • Carbonyl Compounds
  • Amino Ketones
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Aminals and Derivatives
  • Pyrimidines and Derivatives
  • Phenethylamines
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Carboxamides and Derivatives
  • Lactams
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of epilepsy
Pharmacodynamics Primidone is a barbiturate with anticonvulsant properties. Primidone, either alone or used concomitantly with other anticonvulsants, is indicated in the control of grand mal, psychomotor, and focal epileptic seizures. It may control grand mal seizures refractory to other anticonvulsant therapy. Primidone raises electro- or chemoshock seizure thresholds or alters seizure patterns in experimental animals. Primidone per se has anticonvulsant activity as do its two metabolites, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA). In addition to its anticonvulsant activity, Primidone potentiates that of phenobarbital in experimental animals.
Mechanism of action Primidone is a GABA receptor agonist. The mechanism of Primidone's antiepileptic action is not known.
Absorption 90 to 100%
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 70%
Metabolism
Hepatic

Important The metabolism module of DrugBank is currently in beta. Questions or suggestions? Please contact us.

Substrate Enzymes Product
Primidone
Phenobarbital Details
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life 3-23 hours
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Symptoms of an overdose typically include sluggishness, incoordination, difficulty in thinking, slowness of speech, faulty judgment, drowsiness or coma, shallow breathing, staggering, and in severe cases coma and death.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Xcel pharmaceuticals
  • Valeant pharmaceuticals international
  • Amneal pharmaceutical
  • Dr reddys laboratories ltd
  • Impax laboratories inc
  • Lannett co inc
  • Mutual pharmaceutical co inc
  • Vintage pharmaceuticals inc
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • West ward pharmaceutical corp
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Tablet Oral
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Primidone powder 10.56 USD g
Mysoline 250 mg tablet 6.52 USD tablet
Mysoline 50 mg tablet 1.26 USD tablet
Primidone 250 mg tablet 1.02 USD tablet
Primidone 50 mg tablet 0.51 USD tablet
Apo-Primidone 250 mg Tablet 0.09 USD tablet
Apo-Primidone 125 mg Tablet 0.06 USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 281.5 °C PhysProp
water solubility 500 mg/L (at 22 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP 0.91 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
logS -2.64 ADME Research, USCD
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 1.04e+00 g/l ALOGPS
logP 0.62 ALOGPS
logP 1.12 ChemAxon
logS -2.3 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 11.5 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) -6.2 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 2 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon
polar surface area 58.2 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 2 ChemAxon
refractivity 59.04 ChemAxon
polarizability 22.44 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Murphy K, Delanty N: Primary Generalized Epilepsies. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2000 Nov;2(6):527-542. Pubmed
  2. Kagitani-Shimono K, Imai K, Okamoto N, Ono J, Okada S: Unverricht-Lundborg disease with cystatin B gene abnormalities. Pediatr Neurol. 2002 Jan;26(1):55-60. Pubmed
  3. Brown GM, Stone GH, Rathbone MP: Primidone and rapid cycling affective disorders. Lancet. 1993 Oct 9;342(8876):925. Pubmed
  4. Schaffer LC, Schaffer CB, Caretto J: The use of primidone in the treatment of refractory bipolar disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1999 Jun;11(2):61-6. Pubmed
  5. Young MC, Hughes IA: Loss of therapeutic control in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to interaction between dexamethasone and primidone. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1991 Jan;80(1):120-4. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D00474 Link_out
KEGG Compound C07371 Link_out
PubChem Compound 4909 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46507775 Link_out
ChemSpider 4740 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000678 Link_out
PharmGKB PA451105 Link_out
Drug Product Database 396761 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/primid.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/primidone.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primidone Link_out
ATC Codes
  • D08AC04
  • S03AA05
  • S01AX08
  • R01AX07
  • R02AA18
  • N03AA03
AHFS Codes
  • 28:12.04
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label show (108 KB)
MSDS show (65.5 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acenocoumarol The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol.
Aminophylline The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of aminophylline.
Anisindione The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
Asenapine Primidone is a CYP1A2 inducer and may increase metabolism of asenapine.
Bendamustine CYP1A2 metabolism may result in increased levels of active metabolites, decreases levels of bendamustine.
Betamethasone The barbiturate, primidone, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, betamethasone.
Chlorotrianisene The enzyme inducer, primidone, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, chlorotrianisene.
Clomifene The enzyme inducer, primidone, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, clomifene.
Conjugated Estrogens The enzyme inducer, primidone, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, conjugated estrogens.
Cortisone acetate The barbiturate, primidone, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, cortisone acetate.
Cyclosporine The barbiturate, primidone, increases the effect of cyclosporine.
Dexamethasone The barbiturate, primidone, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
Dicumarol The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the anticoagulant effect, dicumarol.
Diethylstilbestrol The enzyme inducer, primidone, may decrease the effect of the hormone agent, diethylstilbestrol.
Doxycycline The anticonvulsant, primidone, decreases the effect of doxycycline.
Dyphylline The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of dyphylline.
Estradiol The enzyme inducer, primidone, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, estradiol.
Estradiol valerate/Dienogest Affects CYP3A4 metabolism, decreases or effects levels of Estradiol valerate/Dienogest.
Estriol The enzyme inducer, primidone, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, estriol.
Estrone The enzyme inducer, primidone, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, estrone.
Estropipate The enzyme inducer, primidone, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, estropipate.
Ethinyl Estradiol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
Etravirine Etravirine, when used concomitantly with Primidone (primarily metabolized to phenobarbital), may experience a decrease in serum concentration. It is recommended to avoid concurrent therapy.
Felbamate Felbamate may increase the effect and toxicity of primidone.
Felodipine The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of felodipine.
Fludrocortisone The barbiturate, primidone, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, fludrocortisone.
Folic Acid Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant, primidone.
Gefitinib The CYP3A4 inducer, primidone, may decrease the serum concentration and therapeutic effects of gefitinib.
Griseofulvin The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of griseofulvin.
Hydrocortisone The barbiturate, primidone, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, hydrocortisone.
Levonorgestrel Phenobarbital decreases the effect of levonorgestrel
Medroxyprogesterone The enzyme inducer, primidone, may decrease the effect of the hormone, medroxyprogesterone.
Megestrol The enzyme inducer, primidone, may decrease the effect of the hormone, megestrol.
Mestranol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
Methadone The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of methadone.
Methoxyflurane The barbiturate, primidone, increases the renal toxicity of methoxyflurane.
Methylprednisolone The barbiturate, primidone, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, methylprednisolone.
Metoprolol The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Metronidazole The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
Nifedipine The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine.
Norethindrone This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
Oxtriphylline The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of oxtriphylline.
Paramethasone The barbiturate, primidone, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, paramethasone.
Prednisolone The barbiturate, primidone, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, prednisolone.
Prednisone The barbiturate, primidone, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, prednisone.
Propranolol The barbiturate decreases the effect of metabolized beta-blocker
Quinestrol The enzyme inducer, primidone, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, quinestrol.
Quinidine The anticonvulsant, primidone, decreases the effect of quinidine.
Roflumilast Affects CYP3A4 metabolism, decreases level or effect of roflumilast. Also decreases the level or effect of roflumilast by affecting CYP1A2 metabolism.
Rufinamide Increases clearance of rufinamide thus decreasing plasma concentration of rufinamide.
Telithromycin Primidone may decrease the plasma concentration of Telithromycin. Consider alternate therapy.
Temsirolimus Primidone may increase the metabolism of Temsirolimus decreasing its efficacy. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Theophylline The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of theophylline.
Tramadol Primidone may decrease the effect of Tramadol by increasing Tramadol metabolism and clearance.
Trazodone The CYP3A4 inducer, Primidone, may decrease Trazodone efficacy by increasing Trazodone metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in Trazodone efficacy/toxicity if Primidone is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tretinoin The strong CYP2C8 inducer, Primidone, may increase the metabolism and clearance of oral Tretinoin. Consider alternate therapy to avoid failure of Tretinoin therapy or monitor for changes in Tretinoin effectiveness and adverse/toxic effects if Primidone is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Triamcinolone The barbiturate, primidone, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.
Triprolidine The CNS depressants, Triprolidine and Primidone, may increase adverse/toxic effects due to additivity. Monitor for increased CNS depressant effects during concomitant therapy.
Vandetanib Decreases levels of vandetanib by affecting CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.
Verapamil The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of the calcium channel blocker, verapamil.
Voriconazole The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of voriconazole.
Warfarin The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Avoid high doses of caffeine.
  • Take with food to reduce gastric irritation.
Targets

1. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P14867 Link_out
Gene: GABRA1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Whiting PJ: The GABAA receptor gene family: new opportunities for drug development. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 2003 Sep;6(5):648-57. Pubmed
  2. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. Pubmed
  3. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  4. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. Pubmed
  5. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  6. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  7. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

2. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P47869 Link_out
Gene: GABRA2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. Pubmed

3. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P34903 Link_out
Gene: GABRA3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. Pubmed

4. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P48169 Link_out
Gene: GABRA4 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. Pubmed

5. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P31644 Link_out
Gene: GABRA5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. Pubmed

6. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q16445 Link_out
Gene: GABRA6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. Pubmed
  2. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed

7. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P43681 Link_out
Gene: CHRNA4 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Arias HR, Bhumireddy P: Anesthetics as chemical tools to study the structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2005 Oct;6(5):451-72. Pubmed
  3. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. Pubmed

8. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P36544 Link_out
Gene: CHRNA7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Arias HR, Bhumireddy P: Anesthetics as chemical tools to study the structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2005 Oct;6(5):451-72. Pubmed
  3. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. Pubmed

9. Glutamate receptor 2

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds AMPA(quisqualate) > glutamate > kainate

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P42262 Link_out
Gene: GRIA2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. Pubmed

10. Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus. This receptor binds domoate > kainate > quisqualate > 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione > L-glutamate = 6,7- dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione > dihydrokainate

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q13002 Link_out
Gene: GRIK2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. Pubmed
  2. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2C19

Actions: substrate, inducer

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine

UniProt ID: P33261 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C19 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  2. Application available online: The P450 Program
  3. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Actions: inducer

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan

UniProt ID: P11712 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C9
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: inducer

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Actions: inducer

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen

UniProt ID: P05177 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

5. Cytochrome P450 2B6

Actions: inducer

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20813 Link_out
Gene: CYP2B6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

6. Cytochrome P450 2C8

Actions: inducer

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti- cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol)

UniProt ID: P10632 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C8
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19