Clocortolone

Identification

Summary

Clocortolone is a corticosteroid used to treat inflammatory and pruritic dermatoses of the scalp.

Brand Names
Cloderm
Generic Name
Clocortolone
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00838
Background

Clocortolone is a medium potency corticosteroid that is often used as a topical cream for the relief of inflammatory oand pruritic (itching) arising from steroid-responsive dermatoses of the scalp.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 410.907
Monoisotopic: 410.166015296
Chemical Formula
C22H28ClFO4
Synonyms
  • 9-chloro-6alpha-Fluoro-11beta,21-dihydroxy-16alpha-methyl-1,4-pregnadien-3,20-dione
  • 9-chloro-6alpha-Fluoro-16alpha-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-11beta,21-diol-3,20-dione
  • Clocortolon
  • Clocortolona
  • Clocortolone
  • Clocortolonum
External IDs
  • SH 863

Pharmacology

Indication

For short-term topical treatment of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of moderate to severe corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses of the scalp.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Management ofDermatoses••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Like other topical corticosteroids, clocortolone has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. Once absorbed through the skin, topical corticosteroids are handled through pharmacokinetic pathways similar to systemically administered corticosteroids. Clocortolone is a moderate potency topical corticosteroid that should not be used with occlusive dressings. It is recommended that treatment should be limited to 2 consecutive weeks and therapy should be discontinued when adequate results have been achieved.

Mechanism of action

The precise mechanism of the antiinflammatory activity of topical steroids in the treatment of steroid-responsive dermatoses, in general, is uncertain. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. These enzyme transcriptional changes are mediated by the drug binding first to the glucocorticoid receptor. This complex can migrate to the cell nucleus which then binds to DNA initiating genetic activation and repression of various genes.

TargetActionsOrganism
AGlucocorticoid receptor
agonist
Humans
Absorption

Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from intact healthy skin. The extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors, including the vehicle and the integrity of the epidermal barrier. Occlusion, inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin may also increase percutaneous absorption.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Metabolized, primarily in the liver, and then excreted by the kidneys.

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Topically applied clocortolone can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects. Symptoms of overdose include thinning of skin and suppression of adrenal cortex (decreased ability to respond to stress).

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AcarboseThe risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Clocortolone is combined with Acarbose.
AcetohexamideThe risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Clocortolone is combined with Acetohexamide.
AcetyldigitoxinThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clocortolone is combined with Acetyldigitoxin.
AlbiglutideThe risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Clocortolone is combined with Albiglutide.
Allogeneic processed thymus tissueThe therapeutic efficacy of Allogeneic processed thymus tissue can be decreased when used in combination with Clocortolone.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Clocortolone pivalateQBL8IZH14X34097-16-0SXYZQZLHAIHKKY-GSTUPEFVSA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
ClodermCream1 mg/1gTopicalEpi Health, Inc2018-10-30Not applicableUS flag
ClodermCream0.001 g/1gTopicalCoria Laboratories1977-08-222016-05-01US flag
ClodermCream0.001 g/1gTopicalPromius Pharma, LLC1977-08-22Not applicableUS flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Clocortolone PivalateCream0.001 g/1gTopicalDr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc2014-02-17Not applicableUS flag
Clocortolone PivalateCream0.001 g/1gTopicalTaro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.2020-04-21Not applicableUS flag
Clocortolone Pivalate CreamCream1 mg/1gTopicalPrasco Laboratories2019-09-01Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
D07AB21 — Clocortolone
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Class
Steroids and steroid derivatives
Sub Class
Hydroxysteroids
Direct Parent
21-hydroxysteroids
Alternative Parents
Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives / 20-oxosteroids / 11-beta-hydroxysteroids / 3-oxo delta-1,4-steroids / Halogenated steroids / Delta-1,4-steroids / Alpha-hydroxy ketones / Secondary alcohols / Chlorohydrins / Cyclic ketones
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Substituents
11-beta-hydroxysteroid / 11-hydroxysteroid / 20-oxosteroid / 21-hydroxysteroid / 3-oxo-delta-1,4-steroid / 3-oxosteroid / 6-halo-steroid / 9-halo-steroid / Alcohol / Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework
Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
11beta-hydroxy steroid, glucocorticoid, 20-oxo steroid, fluorinated steroid, 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid, chlorinated steroid, 21-hydroxy steroid (CHEBI:59582)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
N8ZUB7XE0H
CAS number
4828-27-7
InChI Key
YMTMADLUXIRMGX-RFPWEZLHSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C22H28ClFO4/c1-11-6-13-14-8-16(24)15-7-12(26)4-5-21(15,3)22(14,23)18(28)9-20(13,2)19(11)17(27)10-25/h4-5,7,11,13-14,16,18-19,25,28H,6,8-10H2,1-3H3/t11-,13+,14+,16+,18+,19-,20+,21+,22+/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
(1S,2R,3aS,3bS,5S,9aS,9bR,10S,11aS)-9b-chloro-5-fluoro-10-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-2,9a,11a-trimethyl-1H,2H,3H,3aH,3bH,4H,5H,7H,9aH,9bH,10H,11H,11aH-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one
SMILES
[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](C)[C@H](C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1(Cl)[C@@]2([H])C[C@H](F)C2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]12C

References

General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014976
KEGG Drug
D07719
PubChem Compound
5311052
PubChem Substance
46505290
ChemSpider
4470589
RxNav
21249
ChEBI
59582
ZINC
ZINC000021981454
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP001190
PharmGKB
PA164744013
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Clocortolone
FDA label
Download (167 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
1CompletedHealth Services ResearchBio-equivalence Study1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Dow pharmaceutical sciences inc
Packagers
  • Coria Laboratories
  • DPT Laboratories Ltd.
  • Valeant Ltd.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
CreamTopical1 mg/1g
CreamTopical0.001 g/1g
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Cloderm 0.1% Cream 45 gm Tube140.98USD tube
Cloderm 0.1% cream3.64USD g
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP3.8Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.015 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.73ALOGPS
logP2.47Chemaxon
logS-4.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.54Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.3Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area74.6 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count2Chemaxon
Refractivity105.74 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability41.8 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+1.0
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9737
Caco-2 permeable+0.8054
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.7404
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.7095
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.8814
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8141
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8412
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8977
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.7374
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9164
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9119
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9061
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9182
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorInhibitor0.6251
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.857
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.8537
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8855
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable1.0
Rat acute toxicity1.9732 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9619
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.5411
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0fts-0902000000-db049b3ec73de5a11c55
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-052f-0009000000-54fd9a21a5fe03e5379e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0kdi-0009200000-0454db5197587cd9cbc6
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-03fu-0119200000-0581e2bad8e7c4fb4911
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001l-4009100000-471dda83f931c858162b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0gi0-0619000000-eb4438b492a376add74f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0962000000-0af4e9cb30f13a42c53d
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-199.4075609
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-192.21272
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+199.8701609
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+194.10814
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+198.2413609
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+200.02779
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modula...
Gene Name
NR3C1
Uniprot ID
P04150
Uniprot Name
Glucocorticoid receptor
Molecular Weight
85658.57 Da
References
  1. Ali A, Balkovec JM, Greenlee M, Hammond ML, Rouen G, Taylor G, Einstein M, Ge L, Harris G, Kelly TM, Mazur P, Pandit S, Santoro J, Sitlani A, Wang C, Williamson J, Forrest MJ, Carballo-Jane E, Luell S, Lowitz K, Visco D: Discovery of betamethasone 17alpha-carbamates as dissociated glucocorticoid receptor modulators in the rat. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Aug 15;16(16):7535-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.037. Epub 2008 Jul 20. [Article]
  2. Buchwald P: Glucocorticoid receptor binding: a biphasic dependence on molecular size as revealed by the bilinear LinBiExp model. Steroids. 2008 Feb;73(2):193-208. Epub 2007 Oct 11. [Article]
  3. Tanigawa K, Nagase H, Ohmori K, Tanaka K, Miyake H, Kiniwa M, Ikizawa K: Species-specific differences in the glucocorticoid receptor transactivation function upon binding with betamethasone-esters. Int Immunopharmacol. 2002 Jun;2(7):941-50. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 02, 2024 22:53