| Version |
2.5 |
| Creation Date |
2005-06-13 13:24:05 |
| Update Date |
2009-02-19 16:04:46 |
| Primary Accession Number |
DB00900 |
| Secondary Accession Number |
|
| Name |
Didanosine |
| Drug Type |
|
| Description |
A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite. [PubChem] |
| Synonyms |
- DDI
- Dideoxyinosine
|
| Brand Names |
- Videx
- Videx EC
|
| Brand Mixtures |
Not Available |
| Chemical IUPAC Name |
9-[(2R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one |
| Chemical Formula |
C10H12N4O3 |
| Chemical Structure |
 |
| CAS Registry Number |
69655-05-6 |
| InChI Identifier |
InChI=1/C10H12N4O3/c15-3-6-1-2-7(17-6)14-5-13-8-9(14)11-4-12-10(8)16/h4-7,15H,1-3H2,(H,11,12,16)/t6-,7+/m0/s1/f/h11H |
| InChI Key |
BXZVVICBKDXVGW-FOYGRADXDZ |
| KEGG Drug |
D00296  |
| KEGG Compound |
C06953  |
| PubChem Compound |
50599  |
| PubChem Substance |
189028  |
| ChEBI ID |
Not Available |
| PharmGKB ID |
PA449301  |
| HET ID |
Not Available |
| GenBank ID |
Not Available |
| Drug ID Number [DIN] |
02244596  |
| RxList Link |
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/didanosine.htm  |
| PDRhealth Link |
http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/vid1482.shtml  |
| Wikipedia Link |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didanosine  |
| FDA Label |
|
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) |
|
| Synthesis Reference |
G. W. Koszalka, T. A. Krenitsky, Eur. pat. Appl. 206,497 (1986) |
| Average Molecular Weight |
236.2273 |
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight |
236.0909 |
| State |
Solid |
| Melting Point |
160-163 oC |
| Experimental Water Solubility |
15.8 mg/mL
Source: PhysProp
|
| Predicted Water Solubility |
6.58e+00 mg/mL
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity |
-0.2
Source: PhysProp
|
| Predicted LogP |
-0.99
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Experimental LogS |
Not Available |
| Predicted LogS |
-1.55
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Experimental Caco2 Permeability |
Not Available |
| pKa/Isoelectric Point |
Not Available |
| Mass Spectrum |
Not Available
|
| MOL File |
Show | Download  |
| SDF File |
Show | Download  |
| PDB File |
Show | Download  |
| 2D Structure |
|
| 3D Structure |
|
| Experimental PDB ID |
Not Available |
| Isomeric SMILES |
OC[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C1NC=NC2=O |
| Canonical SMILES |
OCC1CCC(O1)N1C=NC2=C1NC=NC2=O |
| Drug Category |
- Anti-HIV Agents
- Antimetabolites
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
|
| ATC Codes |
|
| AHFS Codes |
|
| Indication |
For use, in combination with other antiretroviral agents, in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults. |
| Pharmacology |
Didanosine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Didanosine differs from other nucleoside analogues, as it does not have any of the regular bases, instead it has hypoxanthine attached to the sugar ring. Didanosine is phosphorylated to active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. They inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. Didanosine is effective against HIV, and usually used in combination with other antiviral therapy. Switching from long term AZT treatment to didanosine has been shown to be beneficial. Didanosine has weak acid stability and therefore, it is often combined with an antacid. |
| Mechanism of Action |
Didanosine (ddI) is metabolized intracellularly by a series of cellular enzymes to its active moiety, dideoxyadenosine triphosphate (ddATP), which inhibits the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively by competing with natural dATP. It also acts as a chain terminator by its incorporation into viral DNA as the lack of a 3'-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation, and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated. |
| Absorption |
Rapidly absorbed (bioavailability 30-40%) with peak plasma concentrations appearing within 0.5 and 1.5 hrs. |
| Toxicity |
Side effects include pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea, hyperuricemia and hepatic dysfunction |
| Protein Binding |
Low (<5%) |
| Biotransformation |
Rapidly metabolized intracellularly to its active moiety, 2,3-dideoxyadenosine-5-triphosphate (ddA-TP). It is then further metabolized hepatically to yield hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid. |
| Half Life |
30 minutes in plasma and more than 12 hours in intracellular environment. |
| Dosage Forms |
| Form |
Route |
| Capsule, coated |
Oral |
| Powder, for solution |
Oral |
| Tablet |
Oral |
|
| Patient Information |
Show  |
| Contraindications |
Show  |
| Interactions |
Show  |
| Drug Interactions |
| Drug |
Interaction |
| Ganciclovir |
The antiviral agent increases the effect and toxicity of didanosine |
| Tenofovir |
Tenofovir increases the effect and toxicity of didanosine |
| Tipranavir |
Didanosine EC levels may be reduced |
| Valganciclovir |
The antiviral agent increases the effect and toxicity of didanosine |
| Zalcitabine |
Additive toxicities (peripheral neuropathy) |
|
| Food Interactions |
- Avoid alcohol.
- Take on empty stomach: 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
|
| Pathways |
Not Available
|
| General References |
- Drugs.com

- Wikipedia

- RxList

- PDRhealth

|
| Organisms Affected |
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
|
| Targets |
- Gag-Pol polyprotein
|
|
Drug Target 1
[top]
|
| Target 1 ID |
864 |
| Target 1 Name |
Gag-Pol polyprotein |
| Target 1 Synonyms |
- Pr160Gag-Pol
|
| Target 1 Gene Name |
gag |
| Target 1 Protein Sequence |
>Gag-Pol polyprotein
GARASVLSGGELDKWEKIRLRPGGKKKYKLKHIVWASRELERFAVNPGLLETSEGCRQIL
GQLQPSLQTGSEELRSLYNTVATLYCVHQRIDVKDTKEALEKIEEEQNKSKKKAQQAAAA
AGTGNSSQVSQNYPIVQNLQGQMVHQAISPRTLNAWVKVVEEKAFSPEVIPMFSALSEGA
TPQDLNTMLNTVGGHQAAMQMLKETINEEAAEWDRVHPVHAGPIAPGQMREPRGSDIAGT
TSTLQEQIGWMTNNPPIPVGEIYKRWIILGLNKIVRMYSPTSILDIRQGPKEPFRDYVDR
FYKTLRAEQASQDVKNWMTETLLVQNANPDCKTILKALGPAATLEEMMTACQGVGGPGHK
ARVLAEAMSQVTNPANIMMQRGNFRNQRKTVKCFNCGKEGHIAKNCRAPRKKGCWRCGRE
GHQMKDCTERQANFLREDLAFLQGKAREFSSEQTRANSPTRRELQVWGGENNSLSEAGAD
RQGTVSFNFPQITLWQRPLVTIRIGGQLKEALLDTGADDTVLEEMNLPGKWKPKMIGGIG
GFIKVRQYDQIPVEICGHKAIGTVLVGPTPVNIIGRNLLTQIGCTLNFPISPIETVPVKL
KPGMDGPKVKQWPLTEEKIKALVEICTEMEKEGKISKIGPENPYNTPVFAIKKKDSTKWR
KLVDFRELNKRTQDFWEVQLGIPHPAGLKKKKSVTVLDVGDAYFSVPLDKDFRKYTAFTI
PSINNETPGIRYQYNVLPQGWKGSPAIFQSSMTKILEPFRKQNPDIVIYQYMDDLYVGSD
LEIGQHRTKIEELRQHLLRWGFTTPDKKHQKEPPFLWMGYELHPDKWTVQPIMLPEKDSW
TVNDIQKLVGKLNWASQIYAGIKVKQLCKLLRGTKALTEVIPLTEEAELELAENREILKE
PVHEVYYDPSKDLVAEIQKQGQGQWTYQIYQEPFKNLKTGKYARMRGAHTNDVKQLTEAV
QKVSTESIVIWGKIPKFKLPIQKETWEAWWMEYWQATWIPEWEFVNTPPLVKLWYQLEKE
PIVGAETFYVDGAANRETKLGKAGYVTDRGRQKVVSIADTTNQKTELQAIHLALQDSGLE
VNIVTDSQYALGIIQAQPDKSESELVSQIIEQLIKKEKVYLAWVPAHKGIGGNEQVDKLV
SAGIRKVLFLNGIDKAQEEHEKYHSNWRAMASDFNLPPVVAKEIVASCDKCQLKGEAMHG
QVDCSPGIWQLDCTHLEGKIILVAVHVASGYIEAEVIPAETGQETAYFLLKLAGRWPVKT
IHTDNGSNFTSTTVKAACWWAGIKQEFGIPYNPQSQGVVESMNNELKKIIGQVRDQAEHL
KTAVQMAVFIHNFKRKGGIGGYSAGERIVDIIATDIQTKELQKQITKIQNFRVYYRDNKD
PLWKGPAKLLWKGEGAVVIQDNSDIKVVPRRKAKIIRDYGKQMAGDDCVASRQDED
|
| Target 1 Number of Residues |
1459 |
| Target 1 Molecular Weight |
161886 |
| Target 1 Theoretical pI |
9.02 |
| Target 1 GO Classification |
|
Function
|
RNA binding
transferase activity
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
nucleotidyltransferase activity
RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
DNA binding
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
nuclease activity
endonuclease activity
endoribonuclease activity
endoribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
ribonuclease H activity
nucleic acid binding
hydrolase activity
peptidase activity
endopeptidase activity
aspartic-type endopeptidase activity
structural molecule activity
binding
ion binding
cation binding
transition metal ion binding
zinc ion binding
catalytic activity
integrase activity |
|
Process
|
DNA replication
RNA-dependent DNA replication
DNA recombination
macromolecule metabolism
protein metabolism
cellular protein metabolism
proteolysis
physiological process
metabolism
cellular metabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
DNA metabolism
DNA integration
viral life cycle |
|
Component
|
| Not Available |
|
| Target 1 General Function |
Involved in RNA binding |
| Target 1 Specific Function |
Integrase performs the integration of the newly synthesized dsDNA copy of the viral genome into the host chromosome. The integrated DNA is called provirus |
| Target 1 Pathways |
|
| Target 1 Reactions |
- deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1
|
| Target 1 Pfam Domain Function |
|
| Target 1 Signals |
|
| Target 1 Transmembrane Regions |
|
| Target 1 Essentiality |
Non-Essential |
| Target 1 GenBank ID Protein |
328661  |
| Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID |
P03369  |
| Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name |
POL_HV1A2  |
| Target 1 PDB ID |
1VRU  |
| Target 1 PDB File |
Show |
| Target 1 3D Structure |
|
| Target 1 Cellular Location |
- Nucleus. Cytoplasm (By similarity). Following virus entry, the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of
|
| Target 1 Gene Sequence |
>3012 bp
TTTTTTAGGGAAGATCTGGCCTTCCTACAAGGGAAGGCCAGGGAATTTTCTTCAGAGCAG
ACCAGAGCCAACAGCCCCACCAGAAGAGAGCTTCAGGTTTGGGGAGGAGAAAACAACTCC
CTCTCAGAAGCAGGAGCCGATAGACAAGGAACTGTATCCTTTAACTTCCCTCAGATCACT
CTTTGGCAACGACCCCTCGTCACAATAAGGATAGGGGGGCAACTAAAGGAAGCTCTATTA
GATACAGGAGCAGATGATACAGTATTAGAAGAAATGAATTTGCCAGGAAAATGGAAACCA
AAAATGATAGGGGGAATTGGAGGTTTTATCAAAGTAAGACAGTACGATCAGATACCTGTA
GAAATCTGTGGACATAAAGCTATAGGTACAGTATTAGTAGGACCTACACCTGTCAACATA
ATTGGAAGAAATCTGTTGACTCAGATTGGTTGTACTTTAAATTTCCCCATTAGTCCTATT
GAAACTGTACCAGTAAAATTAAAGCCAGGAATGGATGGCCCAAAAGTTAAGCAATGGCCA
TTGACAGAAGAAAAAATAAAAGCATTAGTAGAGATATGTACAGAAATGGAAAAGGAAGGG
AAAATTTCAAAAATTGGGCCTGAAAATCCATACAATACTCCAGTATTTGCTATAAAGAAA
AAAGACAGTACTAAATGGAGAAAACTAGTAGATTTCAGAGAACTTAATAAAAGAACTCAA
GACTTCTGGGAAGTTCAGTTAGGAATACCACACCCCGCAGGGTTAAAAAAGAAAAAATCA
GTAACAGTATTGGATGTGGGTGATGCATACTTTTCAGTTCCCTTAGATAAAGACTTTAGA
AAGTATACTGCATTTACCATACCTAGTATAAACAATGAGACACCAGGGATTAGATATCAG
TACAATGTGCTGCCACAGGGATGGAAAGGATCACCAGCAATATTCCAAAGTAGCATGACA
AAAATCTTAGAGCCTTTTAGAAAACAGAATCCAGACATAGTTATCTATCAATACATGGAT
GATTTGTATGTAGGATCTGACTTAGAAATAGGGCAGCATAGAACAAAAATAGAGGAACTG
AGACAGCATCTGTTGAGGTGGGGATTTACCACACCAGACAAAAAACATCAGAAAGAACCT
CCATTCCTTTGGATGGGTTATGAACTCCATCCTGATAAATGGACAGTACAGCCTATAATG
CTGCCAGAAAAAGACAGCTGGACTGTCAATGACATACAGAAGTTAGTGGGAAAATTGAAT
TGGGCAAGTCAGATTTATGCAGGGATTAAAGTAAAGCAGTTATGTAAACTCCTTAGAGGA
ACCAAAGCACTAACAGAAGTAATACCACTAACAGAAGAAGCAGAGCTAGAACTGGCAGAA
AACAGGGAGATTCTAAAAGAACCAGTACATGAAGTATATTATGACCCATCAAAAGACTTA
GTAGCAGAAATACAGAAGCAGGGGCAAGGCCAATGGACATATCAAATTTATCAAGAGCCA
TTTAAAAATCTGAAAACAGGAAAGTATGCAAGGATGAGGGGTGCCCACACTAATGATGTA
AAACAGTTAACAGAGGCAGTGCAAAAAGTATCCACAGAAAGCATAGTAATATGGGGAAAG
ATTCCTAAATTTAAACTACCCATACAAAAGGAAACATGGGAAGCATGGTGGATGGAGTAT
TGGCAAGCTACCTGGATTCCTGAGTGGGAGTTTGTCAATACCCCTCCCTTAGTGAAATTA
TGGTACCAGTTAGAGAAAGAACCCATAGTAGGAGCAGAAACTTTCTATGTAGATGGGGCA
GCTAATAGGGAGACTAAATTAGGAAAAGCAGGATATGTTACTGACAGAGGAAGACAAAAA
GTTGTCTCCATAGCTGACACAACAAATCAGAAGACTGAATTACAAGCAATTCATCTAGCT
TTGCAGGATTCGGGATTAGAAGTAAACATAGTAACAGACTCACAATATGCATTAGGAATC
ATTCAAGCACAACCAGATAAGAGTGAATCAGAGTTAGTCAGTCAAATAATAGAGCAGTTA
ATAAAAAAGGAAAAGGTCTACCTGGCATGGGTACCAGCACACAAAGGAATTGGAGGAAAT
GAACAAGTAGATAAATTAGTCAGTGCTGGAATCAGGAAAGTACTATTTTTGAATGGAATA
GATAAGGCCCAAGAAGAACATGAGAAATATCACAGTAATTGGAGAGCAATGGCTAGTGAT
TTTAACCTGCCACCTGTAGTAGCAAAAGAAATAGTAGCCAGCTGTGATAAATGTCAGCTA
AAAGGAGAAGCCATGCATGGACAAGTAGACTGTAGTCCAGGAATATGGCAACTAGATTGT
ACACATCTAGAAGGAAAAATTATCCTGGTAGCAGTTCATGTAGCCAGTGGATATATAGAA
GCAGAAGTTATTCCAGCAGAGACAGGGCAGGAAACAGCATATTTTCTCTTAAAATTAGCA
GGAAGATGGCCAGTAAAAACAATACATACAGACAATGGCAGCAATTTCACCAGTACTACG
GTTAAGGCCGCCTGTTGGTGGGCAGGGATCAAGCAGGAATTTGGCATTCCCTACAATCCC
CAAAGTCAAGGAGTAGTAGAATCTATGAATAATGAATTAAAGAAAATTATAGGACAGGTA
AGAGATCAGGCTGAACACCTTAAGACAGCAGTACAAATGGCAGTATTCATCCACAATTTT
AAAAGAAAAGGGGGGATTGGGGGATACAGTGCAGGGGAAAGAATAGTAGACATAATAGCA
ACAGACATACAAACTAAAGAACTACAAAAGCAAATTACAAAAATTCAAAATTTTCGGGTT
TATTACAGGGACAACAAAGATCCCCTTTGGAAAGGACCAGCAAAGCTTCTCTGGAAAGGT
GAAGGGGCAGTAGTAATACAAGATAATAGTGACATAAAAGTAGTGCCAAGAAGAAAAGCA
AAAATCATTAGGGATTATGGAAAACAGATGGCAGGTGATGATTGTGTGGCAAGTAGACAG
GATGAGGATTAG
|
| Target 1 GenBank Gene ID |
|
| Target 1 GeneCard ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 GenAtlas ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 HGNC ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Chromosome Location |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Locus |
Not Available |
| Target 1 SNPs |
SNPJam Report  |
| Target 1 General References |
- Tyndall JD, Reid RC, Tyssen DP, Jardine DK, Todd B, Passmore M, March DR, Pattenden LK, Bergman DA, Alewood D, Hu SH, Alewood PF, Birch CJ, Martin JL, Fairlie DP: Synthesis, stability, antiviral activity, and protease-bound structures of substrate-mimicking constrained macrocyclic inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. J Med Chem. 2000 Sep 21;43(19):3495-504. [PubMed
]
- Prabu-Jeyabalan M, Nalivaika E, Schiffer CA: Substrate shape determines specificity of recognition for HIV-1 protease: analysis of crystal structures of six substrate complexes. Structure. 2002 Mar;10(3):369-81. [PubMed
]
- Jacks T, Power MD, Masiarz FR, Luciw PA, Barr PJ, Varmus HE: Characterization of ribosomal frameshifting in HIV-1 gag-pol expression. Nature. 1988 Jan 21;331(6153):280-3. [PubMed
]
- Wlodawer A, Miller M, Jaskolski M, Sathyanarayana BK, Baldwin E, Weber IT, Selk LM, Clawson L, Schneider J, Kent SB: Conserved folding in retroviral proteases: crystal structure of a synthetic HIV-1 protease. Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):616-21. [PubMed
]
- Sanchez-Pescador R, Power MD, Barr PJ, Steimer KS, Stempien MM, Brown-Shimer SL, Gee WW, Renard A, Randolph A, Levy JA, et al.: Nucleotide sequence and expression of an AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV-2). Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):484-92. [PubMed
]
- Rose RB, Craik CS, Douglas NL, Stroud RM: Three-dimensional structures of HIV-1 and SIV protease product complexes. Biochemistry. 1996 Oct 1;35(39):12933-44. [PubMed
]
- Rutenber EE, McPhee F, Kaplan AP, Gallion SL, Hogan JC Jr, Craik CS, Stroud RM: A new class of HIV-1 protease inhibitor: the crystallographic structure, inhibition and chemical synthesis of an aminimide peptide isostere. Bioorg Med Chem. 1996 Sep;4(9):1545-58. [PubMed
]
- Turner BG, Summers MF: Structural biology of HIV. J Mol Biol. 1999 Jan 8;285(1):1-32. [PubMed
]
|
| Target 1 Drug References |
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed
]
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed
]
- Barry M, Gibbons S, Back D, Mulcahy F: Protease inhibitors in patients with HIV disease. Clinically important pharmacokinetic considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997 Mar;32(3):194-209. [PubMed
]
|