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Showing drug card for Dactinomycin (DB00970)

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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-02-19 16:03:33
Primary Accession Number DB00970
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00124
Name Dactinomycin
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description A compound composed of a two cyclic peptides attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from streptomyces parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)
Synonyms
  1. AD
  2. Antibiotic From Streptomyces Parvullus
  3. Dactinomicina [INN-Spanish]
  4. Dactinomycine [INN-French]
  5. Dactinomycinum [INN-Latin]
Brand Names
  1. ACT
  2. ACT D
  3. ACTINOMYCIN D
  4. ACTO-D
  5. Actactinomycin a Iv
  6. Actinomycin 11 Cosmegen
  7. Actinomycin 7
  8. Actinomycin Aiv
  9. Actinomycin C1
  10. Actinomycin I
  11. Actinomycin I1
  12. Actinomycin Iv
  13. Actinomycin X 1
  14. Actinomycindioic D Acid, Dilactone
  15. Chounghwamycin B
  16. Cosmegen
  17. Dactinomycin D
  18. Dilactone Actinomycin D Acid
  19. Dilactone Actinomycindioic D Acid
  20. HBF 386 Meractinomycin
  21. Lyovac Cosmegen
  22. Meractinomycin
  23. Oncostatin K
  24. Oxamide
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name 2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-N,N'-bis[7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide
Chemical Formula C62H86N12O16
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 50-76-0
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C62H86N12O16/c1-27(2)42-59(84)73-23-17-19-36(73)57(82)69(13)25-38(75)71(15)48(29(5)6)61(86)88-33(11)44(55(80)65-42)67-53(78)35-22-21-31(9)51-46(35)64-47-40(41(63)50(77)32(10)52(47)90-51)54(79)68-45-34(12)89-62(87)49(30(7)8)72(16)39(76)26-70(14)58(83)37-20-18-24-74(37)60(85)43(28(3)4)66-56(45)81/h21-22,27-30,33-34,36-37,42-45,48-49H,17-20,23-26,63H2,1-16H3,(H,65,80)(H,66,81)(H,67,78)(H,68,79)/f/h65-68H
InChI Key RJURFGZVJUQBHK-YKMFUUCJCA
KEGG Drug D00214 Link Image
KEGG Compound C06770 Link Image
PubChem Compound 2019 Link Image
PubChem Substance 8990 Link Image
ChEBI ID 27666 Link Image
PharmGKB ID PA449199 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 00213071 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/dactinomycin.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactinomycin Link Image
FDA Label Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
Synthesis Reference Brockmann et al; Chem.Ber.; 93; 2971,2975(1960)
Average Molecular Weight 1255.4170
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 1254.6285
State Solid
Melting Point 241.5 - 243 oC
Experimental Water Solubility Soluble at 10°C Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 2.00e-02 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 1.6 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 2.76 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -4.80 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES CC(C)[C@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)C2=C3N=C4C(OC3=C(C)C=C2)=C(C)C(=O)C(N)=C4C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@@H](C)OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]3CCCN3C(=O)[C@H](NC2=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C1=O
Canonical SMILES CC(C)C1NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C2=C3N=C4C(OC3=C(C)C=C2)=C(C)C(=O)C(N)=C4C(=O)NC2C(C)OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)C3CCCN3C(=O)C(NC2=O)C(C)C)C(C)OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)C2CCCN2C1=O
Drug Category
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antibiotics
  • Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 10:00.00
Indication For the treatment of Wilms' tumor, childhood rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and metastatic, nonseminomatous testicular cancer as part of a combination chemotherapy and/or multi-modality treatment regimen
Pharmacology Generally, the actinomycins exert an inhibitory effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and on some fungi. However, the toxic properties of the actinomycins (including dactinomycin) in relation to antibacterial activity are such as to preclude their use as antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases. Because the actinomycins are cytotoxic, they have an antineoplastic effect which has been demonstrated in experimental animals with various types of tumor implant. This cytotoxic action is the basis for their use in the treatment of certain types of cancer. Dactinomycin is believed to produce its cytotoxic effects by binding DNA and inhibiting RNA synthesis.
Mechanism of Action Good evidence exists that this drug bind strongly, but reversibly, to DNA, interfering with synthesis of RNA and, consequently, with protein synthesis.
Absorption poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract
Toxicity hepatoxicity
Protein Binding 5%
Biotransformation hepatic
Half Life 36 hours
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Powder, for solution Intravenous
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Khatua S, Nair CN, Ghosh K: Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia following dactinomycin therapy in a child with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: the unresolved issues. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2004 Nov;26(11):777-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Turan T, Karacay O, Tulunay G, Boran N, Koc S, Bozok S, Kose MF: Results with EMA/CO (etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, vincristine) chemotherapy in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2006 May-Jun;16(3):1432-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Abd El-Aal HH, Habib EE, Mishrif MM: Wilms' tumor: the experience of the pediatric unit of Kasr El-Aini center of radiation oncology and nuclear medicine (NEMROCK). J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2005 Dec;17(4):308-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Sobell HM: Actinomycin and DNA transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Aug;82(16):5328-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Drugs.com Link Image
  6. Wikipedia Link Image
  7. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)
Targets
  1. DNA
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP1A1
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P04798 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P04798|CP1A1_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 1A1 (EC 1.14.14.1) 
MLFPISMSATEFLLASVIFCLVFWVIRASRPQVPKGLKNPPGPWGWPLIGHMLTLGKNPH
LALSRMSQQYGDVLQIRIGSTPVVVLSGLDTIRQALVRQGDDFKGRPDLYTFTLISNGQS
MSFSPDSGPVWAARRRLAQNGLKSFSIASDPASSTSCYLEEHVSKEAEVLISTLQELMAG
PGHFNPYRYVVVSVTNVICAICFGRRYDHNHQELLSLVNLNNNFGEVVGSGNPADFIPIL
RYLPNPSLNAFKDLNEKFYSFMQKMVKEHYKTFEKGHIRDITDSLIEHCQEKQLDENANV
QLSDEKIINIVLDLFGAGFDTVTTAISWSLMYLVMNPRVQRKIQEELDTVIGRSRRPRLS
DRSHLPYMEAFILETFRHSSFVPFTIPHSTTRDTSLKGFYIPKGRCVFVNQWQINHDQKL
WVNPSEFLPERFLTPDGAIDKVLSEKVIIFGMGKRKCIGETIARWEVFLFLAILLQRVEF
SVPLGVKVDMTPIYGLTMKHACCEHFQMQLRS
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 874
Target 1 Name DNA
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. Deoxyribonucleic acid
Target 1 Gene Name Not Available
Target 1 Protein Sequence Not Available
Target 1 Number of Residues 0
Target 1 Molecular Weight 7656 (double strand)
Target 1 Theoretical pI Not Available
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
information storage
information transfer
Process
DNA replication and chromosomal cycle
DNA replication
DNA-dependent DNA replication
DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer
transcription
transcription, DNA dependent
Component
cell
intracellular
nucleus
mitochondria
Target 1 General Function Biological information storage and information transfer
Target 1 Specific Function DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes.
Target 1 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
DNA polymerase map03030 Link Image
RNA polymerase map03020 Link Image
Target 1 Reactions
  • DNA + DNA polymerase + nNTP = 2 DNA + nNDP; DNA + RNA polymerase + NTP = mRNA + nNDP
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Not Available
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Not Available
Target 1 PDB ID 1BNA Link Image
Target 1 PDB File Show
Target 1 3D Structure
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Nucleus and mitochondria
Target 1 Gene Sequence >Example: Dickerson dodecamer 
CGCGAATTCGCG
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID Not Available
Target 1 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Target 1 HGNC ID Not Available
Target 1 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 1 Locus All loci
Target 1 SNPs Not Available
Target 1 General References
  1. Nadeau D, Marchand C: Change in the kinetics of sulphacetamide tissue distribution in Walker tumor-bearing rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 1975 Nov-Dec;3(6):565-76. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.