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Showing drug card for Guanfacine (DB01018)

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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:06:27
Primary Accession Number DB01018
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00075
Name Guanfacine
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Investigational
  • Small Molecule
Description A centrally acting antihypertensive agent. The drug lowers both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by activating the central nervous system alpha-2 adrenoreceptors, which results in reduced sympathetic outflow leading to reduced vascular tone. Its adverse reactions include dry mouth, sedation, and constipation. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. Guanfacina [INN-Spanish]
  2. Guanfacine HCl
  3. Guanfacine Hydrochloride
  4. Guanfacinum [INN-Latin]
  5. SPD 503
  6. guanfacine
Brand Names
  1. Estulic
  2. Intuniv
  3. Tenex
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name N-(diaminomethylidene)-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)acetamide
Chemical Formula C9H9Cl2N3O
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 29110-47-2
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C9H9Cl2N3O/c10-6-2-1-3-7(11)5(6)4-8(15)14-9(12)13/h1-3H,4H2,(H4,12,13,14,15)/f/h12-13H2
InChI Key INJOMKTZOLKMBF-KGJHZMDYCW
KEGG Drug Not Available
KEGG Compound C07037 Link Image
PubChem Compound 3519 Link Image
PubChem Substance 176213 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA449825 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] Not Available
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/guanfacine.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/gua1657.shtml Link Image
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanfacine Link Image
FDA Label Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
Synthesis Reference J. B. Bream, C.W. Coward et al.; U.S. Pat. 3,632,645 (1972)
Average Molecular Weight 246.0930
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 245.0123
State Solid
Melting Point 225-227 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 1892 mg/L Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 1.06e-01 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 1.7 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 1.59 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -3.37 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES N\C(N)=N\C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl
Canonical SMILES NC(N)=NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl
Drug Category
  • Adrenergic alpha-Agonists
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Sympatholytics
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes Not Available
Indication For use in the management of hypertension.
Pharmacology Similar to clonidine, guanfacine is a centrally-acting, alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist used alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of hypertension.
Mechanism of Action Guanfacine selectively stimulates central alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors, resulting in inhibition of sympathetic nervous system outflow, reduction of peripheral and renal vascular resistance, and lowering of blood pressure and heart rate.
Absorption Rapid and complete, with an oral bioavailability of approximately 80%.
Toxicity Symptoms of overdose include drowsiness, lethargy, bradycardia and hypotension. LD50=165mg/kg (orally in mice)
Protein Binding Approximately 70% bound to plasma proteins, independent of drug concentration.
Biotransformation Hepatic
Half Life 17 hours (range 10-30 hours)
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Drugs.com Link Image
  2. Wikipedia Link Image
  3. RxList Link Image
  4. PDRhealth Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)
  2. Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)
Targets
  1. Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
  2. Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP2C19
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P33261 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P33261|CP2CJ_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C19 (EC 1.14.13.80) 
MDPFVVLVLCLSCLLLLSIWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIDIKDVSKSLTNLSKI
YGPVFTLYFGLERMVVLHGYEVVKEALIDLGEEFSGRGHFPLAERANRGFGIVFSNGKRW
KEIRRFSLMTLRNFGMGKRSIEDRVQEEARCLVEELRKTKASPCDPTFILGCAPCNVICS
IIFQKRFDYKDQQFLNLMEKLNENIRIVSTPWIQICNNFPTIIDYFPGTHNKLLKNLAFM
ESDILEKVKEHQESMDINNPRDFIDCFLIKMEKEKQNQQSEFTIENLVITAADLLGAGTE
TTSTTLRYALLLLLKHPEVTAKVQEEIERVVGRNRSPCMQDRGHMPYTDAVVHEVQRYID
LIPTSLPHAVTCDVKFRNYLIPKGTTILTSLTSVLHDNKEFPNPEMFDPRHFLDEGGNFK
KSNYFMPFSAGKRICVGEGLARMELFLFLTFILQNFNLKSLIDPKDLDTTPVVNGFASVP
PFYQLCFIPV
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 Name Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)
Enzyme 2 Gene Name CYP2C9
Enzyme 2 SwissProt ID P11712 Link Image
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >sp|P11712|CP2C9_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C9 (EC 1.14.13.80) 
MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDISKSLTNLSKV
YGPVFTLYFGLKPIVVLHGYEAVKEALIDLGEEFSGRGIFPLAERANRGFGIVFSNGKKW
KEIRRFSLMTLRNFGMGKRSIEDRVQEEARCLVEELRKTKASPCDPTFILGCAPCNVICS
IIFHKRFDYKDQQFLNLMEKLNENIKILSSPWIQICNNFSPIIDYFPGTHNKLLKNVAFM
KSYILEKVKEHQESMDMNNPQDFIDCFLMKMEKEKHNQPSEFTIESLENTAVDLFGAGTE
TTSTTLRYALLLLLKHPEVTAKVQEEIERVIGRNRSPCMQDRSHMPYTDAVVHEVQRYID
LLPTSLPHAVTCDIKFRNYLIPKGTTILISLTSVLHDNKEFPNPEMFDPHHFLDEGGNFK
KSKYFMPFSAGKRICVGEALAGMELFLFLTSILQNFNLKSLVDPKNLDTTPVVNGFASVP
PFYQLCFIPV
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 318
Target 1 Name Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C10
  2. Alpha-2A adrenoceptor
  3. Alpha-2A adrenoreceptor
  4. Alpha-2AAR
Target 1 Gene Name ADRA2A
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor 
MGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLTLVCLAGLLMLLTVFGNVLVIIAVFT
SRALKAPQNLFLVSLASADILVATLVIPFSLANEVMGYWYFGKAWCEIYLALDVLFCTSS
IVHLCAISLDRYWSITQAIEYNLKRTPRRIKAIIITVWVISAVISFPPLISIEKKGGGGG
PQPAEPRCEINDQKWYVISSCIGSFFAPCLIMILVYVRIYQIAKRRTRVPPSRRGPDAVA
APPGGTERRPNGLGPERSAGPGGAEAEPLPTQLNGAPGEPAPAGPRDTDALDLEESSSSD
HAERPPGPRRPERGPRGKGKARASQVKPGDSLPRRGPGATGIGTPAAGPGEERVGAAKAS
RWRGRQNREKRFTFVLAVVIGVFVVCWFPFFFTYTLTAVGCSVPRTLFKFFFWFGYCNSS
LNPVIYTIFNHDFRRAFKKILCRGDRKRIV
Target 1 Number of Residues 457
Target 1 Molecular Weight 48957
Target 1 Theoretical pI 10.20
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
adrenoceptor activity
alpha-adrenergic receptor activity
alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 1 General Function Involved in alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity
Target 1 Specific Function Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianserine > chlorpromazine = spiperone = prazosin > propanolol > alprenolol = pindolol
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 34-59
  • 71-96
  • 107-129
  • 150-173
  • 193-217
  • 375-399
  • 407-430
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 178196 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08913 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ADA2A_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID 1HOF Link Image
Target 1 PDB File Show
Target 1 3D Structure
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1353 bp 
ATGGGCTCCCTGCAGCCGGACGCGGGCAACGCGAGCTGGAACGGGACCGAGGCGCCGGGG
GGCGGCGCCCGGGCCACCCCTTACTCCCTGCAGGTGACGCTGACGCTGGTGTGCCTGGCC
GGCCTGCTCATGCTGCTCACCGTGTTCGGCAACGTGCTCGTCATCATCGCCGTGTTCACG
AGCCGCGCGCTCAAGGCGCCCCAAAACCTCTTCCTGGTGTCTCTGGCCTCGGCCGACATC
CTGGTGGCCACGCTCGTCATCCCTTTCTCGCTGGCCAACGAGGTCATGGGCTACTGGTAC
TTCGGCAAGGCTTGGTGCGAGATCTACCTGGCGCTCGACGTGCTCTTCTGCACGTCGTCC
ATCGTGCACCTGTGCGCCATCAGCCTGGACCGCTACTGGTCCATCACACAGGCCATCGAG
TACAACCTGAAGCGCACGCCGCGCCGCATCAAGGCCATCATCATCACCGTGTGGGTCATC
TCGGCCGTCATCTCCTTCCCGCCGCTCATCTCCATCGAGAAGAAGGGCGGCGGCGGCGGC
CCGCAGCCGGCCGAGCCGCGCTGCGAGATCAACGACCAGAAGTGGTACGTCATCTCGTCG
TGCATCGGCTCCTTCTTCGCTCCCTGCCTCATCATGATCCTGGTCTACGTGCGCATCTAC
CAGATCGCCAAGCGTCGCACCCGCGTGCCACCCAGCCGCCGGGGTCCGGACGCCGTCGCC
GCGCCGCCGGGGGGCACCGAGCGCAGGCCCAACGGTCTGGGCCCCGAGCGCAGCGCGGGC
CCGGGGGGCGCAGAGGCCGAACCGCTGCCCACCCAGCTCAACGGCGCCCCTGGCGAGCCC
GCGCCGGCCGGGCCGCGCGACACCGACGCGCTGGACCTGGAGGAGAGCTCGTCTTCCGAC
CACGCCGAGCGGCCTCCAGGGCCCCGCAGACCCGAGCGCGGTCCCCGGGGCAAAGGCAAG
GCCCGAGCGAGCCAGGTGAAGCCGGGCGACAGCCTGCGCGGCGCGGGCCGGGGGCGACGG
GGATCGGGACGCCGGCTGCAGGGCCGGGGGAGGAGCGCGTCGGGGCTGCCAAGGCGTCGC
GCTGGCGCGGGCGGGCAGAACCGCGAGAAGCGCTTCACGTTCGTGCTGGCCGTGGTCATC
GGAGTGTTCGTGGTGTGCTGGTTCCCCTTCTTCTTCACCTACACGCTCACGGCCGTCGGG
TGCTCCGTGCCACGCACGCTCTTCAAATTCTTCTTCTGGTTCGGCTACTGCAACAGCTCG
TTGAACCCGGTCATCTACACCATCTTCAACCACGATTTCCGCCGCGCCTTCAAGAAGATC
CTCTGTCGGGGGGACAGGAAGCGGATCGTGTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID ADRA2A Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID ADRA2A Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:281 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 10
Target 1 Locus 10q24-q26
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Chung DA, Zuiderweg ER, Fowler CB, Soyer OS, Mosberg HI, Neubig RR: NMR structure of the second intracellular loop of the alpha 2A adrenergic receptor: evidence for a novel cytoplasmic helix. Biochemistry. 2002 Mar 19;41(11):3596-604. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Suryanarayana S, Daunt DA, Von Zastrow M, Kobilka BK: A point mutation in the seventh hydrophobic domain of the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor increases its affinity for a family of beta receptor antagonists. J Biol Chem. 1991 Aug 15;266(23):15488-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Wang CD, Buck MA, Fraser CM: Site-directed mutagenesis of alpha 2A-adrenergic receptors: identification of amino acids involved in ligand binding and receptor activation by agonists. Mol Pharmacol. 1991 Aug;40(2):168-79. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Chhajlani V, Rangel N, Uhlen S, Wikberg JE: Identification of an additional gene belonging to the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor family in the human genome by PCR. FEBS Lett. 1991 Mar 25;280(2):241-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Guyer CA, Horstman DA, Wilson AL, Clark JD, Cragoe EJ Jr, Limbird LE: Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene encoding the porcine alpha 2-adrenergic receptor. Allosteric modulation by Na+, H+, and amiloride analogs. J Biol Chem. 1990 Oct 5;265(28):17307-17. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Fraser CM, Arakawa S, McCombie WR, Venter JC: Cloning, sequence analysis, and permanent expression of a human alpha 2-adrenergic receptor in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Evidence for independent pathways of receptor coupling to adenylate cyclase attenuation and activation. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jul 15;264(20):11754-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Kobilka BK, Matsui H, Kobilka TS, Yang-Feng TL, Francke U, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ, Regan JW: Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene coding for the human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptor. Science. 1987 Oct 30;238(4827):650-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Avery RA, Franowicz JS, Studholme C, van Dyck CH, Arnsten AF: The alpha-2A-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, increases regional cerebral blood flow in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of monkeys performing a spatial working memory task. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000 Sep;23(3):240-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Birnbaum SG, Podell DM, Arnsten AF: Noradrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonists reverse working memory deficits induced by the anxiogenic drug, FG7142, in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2000 Nov;67(3):397-403. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Millan MJ: Evidence that an alpha 2A-adrenoceptor subtype mediates antinociception in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 May 14;215(2-3):355-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Yuan R, Wu Z, Kostenyuk IA, Burns JK: G-protein-coupled alpha2A-adrenoreceptor agonists differentially alter citrus leaf and fruit abscission by affecting expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase. J Exp Bot. 2005 Jul;56(417):1867-75. Epub 2005 May 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Sagvolden T: The alpha-2A adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine improves sustained attention and reduces overactivity and impulsiveness in an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Behav Brain Funct. 2006 Dec 15;2:41. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 632
Target 2 Name Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. Alpha 1B- adrenoreceptor
  2. Alpha 1B-adrenoceptor
Target 2 Gene Name ADRA1B
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor 
MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGLVLGAFILFAI
VGNILVILSVACNRHLRTPTNYFIVNLAMADLLLSFTVLPFSAALEVLGYWVLGRIFCDI
WAAVDVLCCTASILSLCAISIDRYIGVRYSLQYPTLVTRRKAILALLSVWVLSTVISIGP
LLGWKEPAPNDDKECGVTEEPFYALFSSLGSFYIPLAVILVMYCRVYIVAKRTTKNLEAG
VMKEMSNSKELTLRIHSKNFHEDTLSSTKAKGHNPRSSIAVKLFKFSREKKAAKTLGIVV
GMFILCWLPFFIALPLGSLFSTLKPPDAVFKVVFWLGYFNSCLNPIIYPCSSKEFKRAFV
RILGCQCRGRGRRRRRRRRRLGGCAYTYRPWTRGGSLERSQSRKDSLDDSGSCLSGSQRT
LPSASPSPGYLGRGAPPPVELCAFPEWKAPGALLSLPAPEPPGRRGRHDSGPLFTFKLLT
EPESPGTDGGASNGGCEAAADVANGQPGFKSNMPLAPGQF
Target 2 Number of Residues 528
Target 2 Molecular Weight 56837
Target 2 Theoretical pI 9.79
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
adrenoceptor activity
alpha-adrenergic receptor activity
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 2 General Function Involved in alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
Target 2 Specific Function This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 46-70
  • 84-105
  • 116-141
  • 162-182
  • 202-224
  • 296-319
  • 327-340
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P35368 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ADA1B_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 2 Gene Sequence Not Available
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID ADRA1B Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID ADRA1B Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:278 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 5
Target 2 Locus 5q23-q32
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Ramarao CS, Denker JM, Perez DM, Gaivin RJ, Riek RP, Graham RM: Genomic organization and expression of the human alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem. 1992 Oct 25;267(30):21936-45. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Schwinn DA, Johnston GI, Page SO, Mosley MJ, Wilson KH, Worman NP, Campbell S, Fidock MD, Furness LM, Parry-Smith DJ, et al.: Cloning and pharmacological characterization of human alpha-1 adrenergic receptors: sequence corrections and direct comparison with other species homologues. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995 Jan;272(1):134-42. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Forray C, Bard JA, Wetzel JM, Chiu G, Shapiro E, Tang R, Lepor H, Hartig PR, Weinshank RL, Branchek TA, et al.: The alpha 1-adrenergic receptor that mediates smooth muscle contraction in human prostate has the pharmacological properties of the cloned human alpha 1c subtype. Mol Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;45(4):703-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.