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Identification
Name Nitrendipine
Accession Number DB01054 (APRD00421)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
Nitrendipin
Nitrendipino [INN-Spanish]
Nitrendipinum [INN-Latin]
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Bayotensin
Baypress
Bylotensin
Deiten
Nidrel
Nitrepin
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Vasodilator Agents
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
CAS number 39562-70-4
Weight Average: 360.3612
Monoisotopic: 360.132136382
Chemical Formula C18H20N2O6
InChI Key InChIKey=PVHUJELLJLJGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C18H20N2O6/c1-5-26-18(22)15-11(3)19-10(2)14(17(21)25-4)16(15)12-7-6-8-13(9-12)20(23)24/h6-9,16,19H,5H2,1-4H3
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
3-ethyl 5-methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
SMILES
CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C1C1=CC(=CC=C1)[N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OC
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Nitrobenzenes
Substructures
  • Dihydropyridines
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Nitrobenzenes
  • Acetates
  • Oxoazaniums
  • Ethers
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Nitro compounds
  • Enamines
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anilines
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension
Pharmacodynamics Nitrendipine, a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker, is used alone or with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, to treat hypertension, chronic stable angina pectoris, and Prinzmetal's variant angina. Nitrendipine is similar to other peripheral vasodilators. Nitrendipine inhibits the influx of extra cellular calcium across the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes possibly by deforming the channel, inhibiting ion-control gating mechanisms, and/or interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The decrease in intracellular calcium inhibits the contractile processes of the myocardial smooth muscle cells, causing dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, increased oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, decreased total peripheral resistance, decreased systemic blood pressure, and decreased afterload.
Mechanism of action By deforming the channel, inhibiting ion-control gating mechanisms, and/or interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, Nitrendipine inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium across the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes The decrease in intracellular calcium inhibits the contractile processes of the myocardial smooth muscle cells, causing dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, increased oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, decreased total peripheral resistance, decreased systemic blood pressure, and decreased afterload.
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding > 99%
Metabolism Not Available
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life Not Available
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways
Pathway Name SMPDB ID
Smp00382 Nitrendipine Pathway SMP00382
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers Not Available
Packagers Not Available
Dosage forms Not Available
Prices Not Available
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 156-160 °C Not Available
water solubility Insoluble Not Available
logP 2.88 MASUMATO,K ET AL. (1995)
Caco2 permeability -4.77 ADME Research, USCD
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 1.42e-02 g/l ALOGPS
logP 3.21 ALOGPS
logP 2.17 ChemAxon
logS -4.4 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest basic) 5.43 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 5 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 1 ChemAxon
polar surface area 110.45 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 7 ChemAxon
refractivity 96.91 ChemAxon
polarizability 36.25 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D00629 Link_out
KEGG Compound C07713 Link_out
PubChem Compound 4507 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46508817 Link_out
ChemSpider 4351 Link_out
BindingDB 50012016 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP001263 Link_out
PharmGKB PA146096020 Link_out
IUPHAR 2334 Link_out
Guide to Pharmacology 2334 Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrendipine Link_out
ATC Codes
  • C08CA08
AHFS Codes Not Available
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Cimetidine Cimetidine increases the effect of the calcium channel blocker, nitrendipine.
Telithromycin Telithromycin may reduce clearance of Nitrendipine. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Nitrendipine if Telithromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Thiopental The CYP3A4 inducer, Thiopental, may increase the metabolism and clearance of Nitrendipine, a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Nitrendipine if Thiopental is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tipranavir Tipranavir may decrease the metabolism and clearance of the calcium channel blocker, Nitrendipine. Monitor for changes in Nitrendipine therapeutic and adverse effects if Tipranavir is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Treprostinil Additive hypotensive effect. Monitor antihypertensive therapy during concomitant use.
Voriconazole Voriconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of nitrendipine by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of nitrendipine if voriconazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1C gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the "high-voltage activated" (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines, and by omega-agatoxin-IIIA (omega-Aga-IIIA). They are however insensitive to omega-conotoxin- GVIA (omega-CTx-GVIA) and omega-agatoxin-IVA (omega-Aga-IVA). Calcium channels containing the alpha-1C subunit play an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. The various isoforms display marked differences in the sensitivity to DHP compounds

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q13936 Link_out
Gene: CACNA1C Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  2. Striessnig, J. (2004). Ca 2+ channel blockers. In S. Offermanns, & W. Rosenthal (Eds.). Encyclopedic reference of molecular pharmacology (pp. 201-207). Berlin, Germany: Springer.

2. Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Calcium channel protein which plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P54289 Link_out
Gene: CACNA2D1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  2. Striessnig, J. (2004). Ca 2+ channel blockers. In S. Offermanns, & W. Rosenthal (Eds.). Encyclopedic reference of molecular pharmacology (pp. 201-207). Berlin, Germany: Springer.

3. Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

The beta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels contributes to the function of the calcium channel by increasing peak calcium current, shifting the voltage dependencies of activation and inactivation, modulating G protein inhibition and controlling the alpha-1 subunit membrane targeting

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q08289 Link_out
Gene: CACNB2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  2. Striessnig, J. (2004). Ca 2+ channel blockers. In S. Offermanns, & W. Rosenthal (Eds.). Encyclopedic reference of molecular pharmacology (pp. 201-207). Berlin, Germany: Springer.

4. Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

This protein is a subunit of the dihydropyridine (DHP) sensitive calcium channel. Plays a role in excitation-contraction coupling. The skeletal muscle DHP-sensitive Ca(2+) channel may function only as a multiple subunit complex

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q06432 Link_out
Gene: CACNG1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed

5. Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1D gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the "high-voltage activated" (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines, and by omega-agatoxin-IIIA (omega-Aga-IIIA). They are however insensitive to omega-conotoxin- GVIA (omega-CTx-GVIA) and omega-agatoxin-IVA (omega-Aga-IVA)

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q01668 Link_out
Gene: CACNA1D Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Sinnegger-Brauns MJ, Huber IG, Koschak A, Wild C, Obermair GJ, Einzinger U, Hoda JC, Sartori SB, Striessnig J: Expression and 1,4-dihydropyridine-binding properties of brain L-type calcium channel isoforms. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 Feb;75(2):407-14. Epub 2008 Nov 24. Pubmed

6. Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1S gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the "high-voltage activated" (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines, and by omega-agatoxin-IIIA (omega-Aga-IIIA). They are however insensitive to omega-conotoxin- GVIA (omega-CTx-GVIA) and omega-agatoxin-IVA (omega-Aga-IVA). Calcium channels containing the alpha-1S subunit play an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q13698 Link_out
Gene: CACNA1S Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Peterson BZ, Catterall WA: Allosteric interactions required for high-affinity binding of dihydropyridine antagonists to Ca(V)1.1 Channels are modulated by calcium in the pore. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;70(2):667-75. Epub 2006 May 4. Pubmed

7. Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9NY47 Link_out
Gene: CACNA2D2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Perez-Reyes E, Van Deusen AL, Vitko I: Molecular pharmacology of human Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels: block by antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics, and their analogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Feb;328(2):621-7. Epub 2008 Oct 30. Pubmed

8. Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor

Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1H gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the "low-voltage activated (LVA)" group and are strongly blocked by nickel and mibefradil. A particularity of this type of channels is an opening at quite negative potentials, and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle. They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons which is important for information processing as well as in cell growth processes

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O95180 Link_out
Gene: CACNA1H Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Perez-Reyes E, Van Deusen AL, Vitko I: Molecular pharmacology of human Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels: block by antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics, and their analogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Feb;328(2):621-7. Epub 2008 Oct 30. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 3A5

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20815 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.

3. Cytochrome P450 3A7

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P24462 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
Transporters

1. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Actions: inhibitor

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out
Gene: ABCB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Polli JW, Wring SA, Humphreys JE, Huang L, Morgan JB, Webster LO, Serabjit-Singh CS: Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):620-8. Pubmed
  2. Takara K, Sakaeda T, Tanigawara Y, Nishiguchi K, Ohmoto N, Horinouchi M, Komada F, Ohnishi N, Yokoyama T, Okumura K: Effects of 12 Ca2+ antagonists on multidrug resistance, MDR1-mediated transport and MDR1 mRNA expression. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2002 Aug;16(3):159-65. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19