1. DNA

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: cross-linking/alkylation

DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes.

Gene Sequence: FASTA

References:

1. Osterman DG, DePillis GD, Wu JC, Matsuda A, Santi DV: 5-Fluorocytosine in DNA is a mechanism-based inhibitor of HhaI methylase. Biochemistry. 1988 Jul 12;27(14):5204-10. Pubmed
2. Waldorf AR, Polak A: Mechanisms of action of 5-fluorocytosine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Jan;23(1):79-85. Pubmed
3. Wyszynski MW, Gabbara S, Kubareva EA, Romanova EA, Oretskaya TS, Gromova ES, Shabarova ZA, Bhagwat AS: The cysteine conserved among DNA cytosine methylases is required for methyl transfer, but not for specific DNA binding. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jan 25;21(2):295-301. Pubmed

2. DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: other

Methylates CpG residues. Preferentially methylates hemimethylated DNA. It is responsible for maintaining methylation patterns established in development. DNA methylation is coordinated with methylation of histones. Mediates transcriptional repression by direct binding to HDAC2

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P26358
Gene: DNMT1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report

References:

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
3. Shieh FK, Reich NO: AdoMet-dependent Methyl-transfer: Glu(119) Is Essential for DNA C5-Cytosine Methyltransferase M.HhaI. J Mol Biol. 2007 Aug 19;. Pubmed
4. Wyszynski MW, Gabbara S, Kubareva EA, Romanova EA, Oretskaya TS, Gromova ES, Shabarova ZA, Bhagwat AS: The cysteine conserved among DNA cytosine methylases is required for methyl transfer, but not for specific DNA binding. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jan 25;21(2):295-301. Pubmed

3. Thymidylate synthase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor
Organism class: fungal
UniProt ID: P12461
Gene: TMP1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report

References:

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
3. Fox BA, Belperron AA, Bzik DJ: Stable transformation of Toxoplasma gondii based on a pyrimethamine resistant trifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-cytosine deaminase-thymidylate synthase gene that confers sensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1999 Jan 5;98(1):93-103. Pubmed
4. Rehemtulla A, Hamstra DA, Kievit E, Davis MA, Ng EY, Dornfeld K, Lawrence TS: Extracellular expression of cytosine deaminase results in increased 5-FU production for enhanced enzyme/prodrug therapy. Anticancer Res. 2004 May-Jun;24(3a):1393-9. Pubmed
5. Wang ZH, Samuels S, Gama Sosa MA, Kolodny EH: 5-Fluorocytosine-mediated apoptosis and DNA damage in glioma cells engineered to express cytosine deaminase and their enhancement with interferon. J Neurooncol. 1998 Feb;36(3):219-29. Pubmed