DrugBank: Ifosfamide (DB01181)

targets (1) enzymes (10)

Identification

Name

Ifosfamide

Accession Number

DB01181 (APRD00007)

Type

small molecule

Groups

approved

Description

Positional isomer of cyclophosphamide which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent. [PubChem]

Structure

Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure

Synonyms

Asta Z 4942
I-Phosphamide
Ifosfamid
Ifosfamide Sterile
Ifosphamide
Ifsofamide
Iphosphamid
Iphosphamide
Isofosfamide
Isophosphamide

Brand names

Cyfos
Holoxan 1000
IFEX
Ifex/Mesnex Kit
Ifosfamide/Mesna Kit
Isoendoxan
Mitoxana
Naxamide

Brand name mixtures

Not Available

Categories

Antineoplastic Agents
Immunosuppressive Agents
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating

CAS number

3778-73-2

Weight

Average: 261.086
Monoisotopic: 260.024819660

Chemical Formula

C₇H₁₅Cl₂N₂O₂P

InChI Key

InChIKey=HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C7H15Cl2N2O2P/c8-2-4-10-14(12)11(6-3-9)5-1-7-13-14/h1-7H2,(H,10,12)

Plain Text

IUPAC Name

3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]-1,3,2$l^{5}-oxazaphosphinan-2-one

SMILES

ClCCNP1(=O)OCCCN1CCCl

Plain Text

Mass Spec

Not Available

Taxonomy

Kingdom

Organic

Classes

Organophosphate Esters

Substructures

Organophosphate Esters
Phosphoric Acids and Derivatives
Alkyl Halides
Heterocyclic compounds

Pharmacology

Indication

Used as a component of various chemotherapeutic regimens as third-line therapy for recurrent or refractory germ cell testicular cancer. Also used as a component of various chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of cervical cancer, as well as in conjunction with surgery and/or radiation therapy in the treatment of various soft tissue sarcomas. Other indications include treatment of osteosarcoma, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer. small cell lung cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Pharmacodynamics

Ifosfamide requires activation by microsomal liver enzymes to active metabolites in order to exert its cytotoxic effects. Activation occurs by hydroxylation at the ring carbon atom 4 to form the unstable intermediate 4-hydroxyifosfamide. This metabolite than rapidly degrades to the stable urinary metabolite 4-ketoifosfamide. The stable urinary metabolite, 4-carboxyifosfamide, is formed upon opening of the ring. These urinary metabolites have not been found to be cytotoxic. N, N-bis (2-chloroethyl)-phosphoric acid diamide (ifosphoramide) and acrolein are also found. The major urinary metabolites, dechloroethyl ifosfamide and dechloroethyl cyclophosphamide, are formed upon enzymatic oxidation of the chloroethyl side chains and subsequent dealkylation. It is the alkylated metabolites of ifosfamide that have been shown to interact with DNA. Ifosfamide is cycle-phase nonspecific.

Mechanism of action

The exact mechanism of ifosfamide has not been determined, but appears to be similar to other alkylating agents. Ifosfamide requires biotransformation in the liver by mixed-function oxidases (cytochrome P450 system) before it becomes active. After metabolic activation, active metabolites of ifosfamide alkylate or bind with many intracellular molecular structures, including nucleic acids. The cytotoxic action is primarily through the alkylation of DNA, done by attaching the N-7 position of guanine to its reactive electrophilic groups. The formation of inter and intra strand cross-links in the DNA results in cell death.

Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Minimal

Metabolism

Primarily hepatic

Enzyme	Metabolite	Reaction	K_m	V_max
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	4-Hydroxyifosfamide	4-hydroxylation
Cytochrome P450 3A5	3-Dechloroethylifosfamide
Cytochrome P450 3A5	2-Dechloroethylifosfamide
Cytochrome P450 3A5	Chloroacetaldehyde
Cytochrome P450 3A4	3-Dechloroethylifosfamide
Cytochrome P450 3A4	2-Dechloroethylifosfamide
Cytochrome P450 3A4	Chloroacetaldehyde
Cytochrome P450 3A4	4-hydroxyifosfamide	4-hydroxylation	800	139.5
Cytochrome P450 2B6	3-Dechloroethylifosfamide
Cytochrome P450 2B6	2-Dechloroethylifosfamide
Cytochrome P450 2B6	Chloroacetaldehyde
Cytochrome P450 2B6	4-hydroxyifosfamide	4-hydroxylation	0	0

Route of elimination

Ifosfamide is extensively metabolized in humans and the metabolic pathways appear to be saturated at high doses. After administration of doses of 5 g/m2 of 14C-labeled ifosfamide, from 70% to 86% of the dosed radioactivity was recovered in the urine, with about 61% of the dose excreted as parent compound. At doses of 1.6–2.4 g/m2 only 12% to 18% of the dose was excreted in the urine as unchanged drug within 72 hours.

Half life

7-15 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Toxicity

LD₅₀ (mouse) = 390-1005 mg/kg, LD₅₀ (rat) = 150-190 mg/kg. Side effects include nausea, vomiting and myelosuppression. Toxic effects include central nervous system toxicity (confusion, hallucinations) and urotoxic effects (cystitis, blood in urine).

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Pathway	Name	SMPDB ID
	Ifosfamide Pathway	SMP00448

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Baxter healthcare corp
App pharmaceuticals llc
Teva parenteral medicines inc
Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
Sagent strides llc

Packagers

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Powder, for solution	Intravenous

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Ifex-mesnex kit	2709.98 USD	kit
Ifosfamide-mesna kit	787.5 USD	kit
Ifex 3 gm vial	489.13 USD	vial
Ifex 1 gm vial	163.04 USD	vial
Ifosfamide 3 gm vial	114.0 USD	vial
Ifosfamide 1 gm vial	56.4 USD	vial

Patents

Country	Patent Number	Approved	Expires
United States	5252341	1994-07-16	2011-07-16

Properties

State

solid

Melting point

39-41 oC

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
water solubility	3780 mg/L	PhysProp
logP	0.8	PhysProp

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
water solubility	1.50e+01 g/l	ALOGPS
logP	0.57	ALOGPS
logP	0.10	ChemAxon Molconvert
logS	-1.24	ALOGPS
pKa		ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count	2	ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count	1	ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area	41.57	ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count	5	ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity	58.48	ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability	23.94	ChemAxon Molconvert

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General Reference

Furlanut M, Franceschi L: Pharmacology of ifosfamide. Oncology. 2003;65 Suppl 2:2-6. Pubmed
Fleming RA: An overview of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide pharmacology. Pharmacotherapy. 1997 Sep-Oct;17(5 Pt 2):146S-154S. Pubmed
Wagner T: Ifosfamide clinical pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1994 Jun;26(6):439-56. Pubmed
Allen LM, Creaven PJ, Nelson RL: Studies on the human pharmacokinetics of isophosphamide (NSC-109724). Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Apr;60(4):451-8. Pubmed
Brade WP, Herdrich K, Varini M: Ifosfamide—pharmacology, safety and therapeutic potential. Cancer Treat Rev. 1985 Mar;12(1):1-47. Pubmed
Zalupski M, Baker LH: Ifosfamide. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988 Jun 15;80(8):556-66. Pubmed
Willits I, Price L, Parry A, Tilby MJ, Ford D, Cholerton S, Pearson AD, Boddy AV: Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ifosfamide in relation to DNA damage assessed by the COMET assay in children with cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1626-35. Pubmed
Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed
Schoenike SE, Dana WJ: Ifosfamide and mesna. Clin Pharm. 1990 Mar;9(3):179-91. Pubmed
Dechant KL, Brogden RN, Pilkington T, Faulds D: Ifosfamide/mesna. A review of its antineoplastic activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in cancer. Drugs. 1991 Sep;42(3):428-67. Pubmed

External Links

Resource	Link
KEGG Drug	D00343
PubChem Compound	3690
PubChem Substance	46508335
ChemSpider	3562
ChEBI	5864
ChEMBL	5864
Therapeutic Targets Database	DAP000537
PharmGKB	PA449964
Drug Product Database	2246565
RxList	http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/ifosfamide.htm
Drugs.com	http://www.drugs.com/cdi/ifosfamide-solution.html
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifosfamide

ATC Codes

L01AA06

AHFS Codes

10:00.00

PDB Entries

Not Available

FDA label

Not Available

MSDS

show (293.4 KB)

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Not Available

Food Interactions

Not Available

Targets
1. DNA Pharmacological action: yes Actions: other/unknown DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes. Gene Sequence: FASTA References: Furlanut M, Franceschi L: Pharmacology of ifosfamide. Oncology. 2003;65 Suppl 2:2-6. Pubmed Hartley JM, Spanswick VJ, Gander M, Giacomini G, Whelan J, Souhami RL, Hartley JA: Measurement of DNA cross-linking in patients on ifosfamide therapy using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Clin Cancer Res. 1999 Mar;5(3):507-12. Pubmed Willits I, Price L, Parry A, Tilby MJ, Ford D, Cholerton S, Pearson AD, Boddy AV: Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ifosfamide in relation to DNA damage assessed by the COMET assay in children with cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1626-35. Pubmed Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed

Targets

1. DNA

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: other/unknown

DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes.

Gene Sequence: FASTA

References:

Furlanut M, Franceschi L: Pharmacology of ifosfamide. Oncology. 2003;65 Suppl 2:2-6. Pubmed
Hartley JM, Spanswick VJ, Gander M, Giacomini G, Whelan J, Souhami RL, Hartley JA: Measurement of DNA cross-linking in patients on ifosfamide therapy using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Clin Cancer Res. 1999 Mar;5(3):507-12. Pubmed
Willits I, Price L, Parry A, Tilby MJ, Ford D, Cholerton S, Pearson AD, Boddy AV: Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ifosfamide in relation to DNA damage assessed by the COMET assay in children with cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1626-35. Pubmed
Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed

Enzymes
1. Cytochrome P450 2B6 Actions: substrate Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics UniProt ID: P20813 Gene: CYP2B6 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed Chen CS, Jounaidi Y, Waxman DJ: Enantioselective metabolism and cytotoxicity of R-ifosfamide and S-ifosfamide by tumor cell-expressed cytochromes P450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Sep;33(9):1261-7. Epub 2005 May 26. Pubmed Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010. Roy P, Yu LJ, Crespi CL, Waxman DJ: Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66. Pubmed 2. Cytochrome P450 3A4 Actions: substrate, inhibitor, inducer Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide UniProt ID: P08684 Gene: CYP3A4 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed Chen CS, Jounaidi Y, Waxman DJ: Enantioselective metabolism and cytotoxicity of R-ifosfamide and S-ifosfamide by tumor cell-expressed cytochromes P450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Sep;33(9):1261-7. Epub 2005 May 26. Pubmed Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed Roy P, Yu LJ, Crespi CL, Waxman DJ: Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66. Pubmed Preiss R, Schmidt R, Baumann F, Hanschmann H, Hauss J, Geissler F, Pahlig H, Ratzewiss B: Measurement of 4-hydroxylation of ifosfamide in human liver microsomes using the estimation of free and protein-bound acrolein and codetermination of keto- and carboxyifosfamide. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2002 Jul;128(7):385-92. Epub 2002 Jun 11. Pubmed Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed 3. Cytochrome P450 3A5 Actions: substrate Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics UniProt ID: P20815 Gene: CYP3A5 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed Roy P, Yu LJ, Crespi CL, Waxman DJ: Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66. Pubmed 4. Cytochrome P450 2C19 Actions: substrate Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine UniProt ID: P33261 Gene: CYP2C19 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Roy P, Yu LJ, Crespi CL, Waxman DJ: Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66. Pubmed Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed 5. Cytochrome P450 2C9 Actions: substrate, inducer Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan UniProt ID: P11712 Gene: CYP2C9 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed 6. Cytochrome P450 2C8 Actions: substrate, inducer Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti- cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol) UniProt ID: P10632 Gene: CYP2C8 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed 7. Cytochrome P450 2A6 Actions: substrate Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase UniProt ID: P11509 Gene: CYP2A6 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed Roy P, Yu LJ, Crespi CL, Waxman DJ: Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66. Pubmed Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed 8. Cytochrome P450 2C18 Actions: substrate Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics UniProt ID: P33260 Gene: CYP2C18 Protein Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Roy P, Yu LJ, Crespi CL, Waxman DJ: Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66. Pubmed Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed 9. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 Actions: substrate May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically transformed cells UniProt ID: P23219 Gene: PTGS1 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed 10. Cytochrome P450 3A7 Actions: substrate Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics UniProt ID: P24462 Gene: CYP3A7 Protein Sequence: FASTA Gene Sequence: FASTA SNPs: SNPJam Report References: Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2B6

Actions: substrate

UniProt ID: P20813 Link_out

Gene: CYP2B6 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed
Chen CS, Jounaidi Y, Waxman DJ: Enantioselective metabolism and cytotoxicity of R-ifosfamide and S-ifosfamide by tumor cell-expressed cytochromes P450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Sep;33(9):1261-7. Epub 2005 May 26. Pubmed
Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
Roy P, Yu LJ, Crespi CL, Waxman DJ: Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate, inhibitor, inducer

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out

Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed
Chen CS, Jounaidi Y, Waxman DJ: Enantioselective metabolism and cytotoxicity of R-ifosfamide and S-ifosfamide by tumor cell-expressed cytochromes P450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Sep;33(9):1261-7. Epub 2005 May 26. Pubmed
Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
Roy P, Yu LJ, Crespi CL, Waxman DJ: Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66. Pubmed
Preiss R, Schmidt R, Baumann F, Hanschmann H, Hauss J, Geissler F, Pahlig H, Ratzewiss B: Measurement of 4-hydroxylation of ifosfamide in human liver microsomes using the estimation of free and protein-bound acrolein and codetermination of keto- and carboxyifosfamide. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2002 Jul;128(7):385-92. Epub 2002 Jun 11. Pubmed
Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 3A5

Actions: substrate

UniProt ID: P20815 Link_out

Gene: CYP3A5 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed
Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
Roy P, Yu LJ, Crespi CL, Waxman DJ: Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 2C19

Actions: substrate

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine

UniProt ID: P33261 Link_out

Gene: CYP2C19 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Roy P, Yu LJ, Crespi CL, Waxman DJ: Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66. Pubmed
Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

5. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Actions: substrate, inducer

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan

UniProt ID: P11712 Link_out

Gene: CYP2C9
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed
Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

6. Cytochrome P450 2C8

Actions: substrate, inducer

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti- cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol)

UniProt ID: P10632 Link_out

Gene: CYP2C8
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed
Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

7. Cytochrome P450 2A6

Actions: substrate

Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase

UniProt ID: P11509 Link_out

Gene: CYP2A6
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Lokiec F: Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention. Ann Oncol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 4:iv33-6. Pubmed
Roy P, Yu LJ, Crespi CL, Waxman DJ: Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66. Pubmed
Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

8. Cytochrome P450 2C18

Actions: substrate

UniProt ID: P33260 Link_out

Gene: CYP2C18 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Roy P, Yu LJ, Crespi CL, Waxman DJ: Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66. Pubmed
Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

9. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1

Actions: substrate

May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically transformed cells

UniProt ID: P23219 Link_out

Gene: PTGS1 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed

10. Cytochrome P450 3A7

Actions: substrate

UniProt ID: P24462 Link_out

Gene: CYP3A7 Link_out

Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:

Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

Comments

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on April 19, 2011 15:09

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.