Banner
Identification
Name Lapatinib
Accession Number DB01259 (DB02584)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Lapatinib is an anti-cancer drug developed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) as a treatment for solid tumours such as breast and lung cancer. It was approved by the FDA on March 13, 2007, for use in patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer in conjunction with the chemotherapy drug Capecitabine. Lapatinib is human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2/ERBB2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR/ERBB1) tyrosine kinases inhibitor. It binds to the intracellular phosphorylation domain to prevent receptor autophosphorylation upon ligand binding.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
FMM
GW 572016
GW572016
Lapatinib ditosylate
Lapatinib tosilate hydrate
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Tycerb
Tykerb
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
CAS number 388082-78-8
Weight Average: 581.058
Monoisotopic: 580.134731942
Chemical Formula C29H26ClFN4O4S
InChI Key InChIKey=BCFGMOOMADDAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C29H26ClFN4O4S/c1-40(36,37)12-11-32-16-23-7-10-27(39-23)20-5-8-26-24(14-20)29(34-18-33-26)35-22-6-9-28(25(30)15-22)38-17-19-3-2-4-21(31)13-19/h2-10,13-15,18,32H,11-12,16-17H2,1H3,(H,33,34,35)
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
N-{3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]phenyl}-6-(5-{[(2-methanesulfonylethyl)amino]methyl}furan-2-yl)quinazolin-4-amine
SMILES
CS(=O)(=O)CCNCC1=CC=C(O1)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=CN=C2NC1=CC(Cl)=C(OCC2=CC(F)=CC=C2)C=C1
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Quinazolines
Substructures
  • Quinazolines
  • Benzyl Alcohols and Derivatives
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Sulfonyls
  • Ethers
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Aryl Halides
  • Halobenzenes
  • Pyrimidines and Derivatives
  • Sulfones
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anisoles
  • Furans
  • Cyanamides
  • Phenyl Esters
  • Anilines
  • Sulfoxides
Pharmacology
Indication Indicated in combination with capecitabine for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress the human epidermal receptor type 2 (HER2) protein and who have received prior therapy including an anthracycline, a taxane, and trastuzuma.
Pharmacodynamics Lapatinib is a small molecule and a member of the 4-anilinoquinazoline class of kinase inhibitors. An anti-cancer drug, lapatinib was developed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) as a treatment for solid tumours such as breast and lung cancer. It was approved by the FDA on March 13, 2007, for use in patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer in conjunction with the chemotherapy drug capecitabine.
Mechanism of action Lapatinib is a 4-anilinoquinazoline kinase inhibitor of the intracellular tyrosine kinase domains of both epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR/ERBB1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2/ERBB2)with a dissociation half-life of ≥300 minutes. Lapatinib inhibits ERBB-driven tumor cell growth in vitro and in various animal models. An additive effect was demonstrated in an in vitro study when lapatinib and 5-florouracil (the active metabolite of capecitabine) were used in combination in the 4 tumor cell lines tested. The growth inhibitory effects of lapatinib were evaluated in trastuzumab-conditioned cell lines. Lapatinib retained significant activity against breast cancer cell lines selected for long-term growth in trastuzumab-containing medium in vitro. These in vitro findings suggest non-cross-resistance between these two agents.
Absorption Absorption following oral administration of lapatinib is incomplete and variable.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Highly bound (>99%) to albumin and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
Metabolism
Lapatinib undergoes extensive metabolism, primarily by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, with minor contributions from CYP2C19 and CYP2C8 to a variety of oxidated metabolites, none of which accounts for more than 14% of the dose recovered in the feces or 10% of lapatinib concentration in plasma.
Route of elimination Lapatinib undergoes extensive metabolism, primarily by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, with minor contributions from CYP2C19 and CYP2C8 to a variety of oxidated metabolites, none of which accounts for more than 14% of the dose recovered in the feces or 10% of lapatinib concentration in plasma.
Half life Single-dose terminal half life: 14.2 hours Effective multiple-dose half life: 24 hours
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity There has been a report of one patient who took 3,000 mg of lapatinib for 10 days. This patient had grade 3 diarrhea and vomiting on day 10.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Smithkline beecham corp dba glaxosmithkline
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Tablet Oral 250 mg
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Tykerb 250 mg tablet 28.4 USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires (estimated)
United States 7157466 2001-11-19 2021-11-19
United States 6391874 1997-07-11 2017-07-11
Canada 2413134 2010-05-11 2021-06-28
Canada 2317589 2007-08-08 2019-01-08
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
logP 5.4 Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 2.23e-02 g/l ALOGPS
logP 5.18 ALOGPS
logP 4.64 ChemAxon
logS -4.4 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 15.99 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 7.2 ChemAxon
physiological charge 1 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 7 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon
polar surface area 106.35 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 11 ChemAxon
refractivity 152.42 ChemAxon
polarizability 61.19 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Nelson MH, Dolder CR: Lapatinib: a novel dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity in solid tumors. Ann Pharmacother. 2006 Feb;40(2):261-9. Epub 2006 Jan 17. Pubmed
  2. Burris HA 3rd: Dual kinase inhibition in the treatment of breast cancer: initial experience with the EGFR/ErbB-2 inhibitor lapatinib. Oncologist. 2004;9 Suppl 3:10-5. Pubmed
  3. Burris HA 3rd, Hurwitz HI, Dees EC, Dowlati A, Blackwell KL, O’Neil B, Marcom PK, Ellis MJ, Overmoyer B, Jones SF, Harris JL, Smith DA, Koch KM, Stead A, Mangum S, Spector NL: Phase I safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity study of lapatinib (GW572016), a reversible dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic carcinomas. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 10;23(23):5305-13. Epub 2005 Jun 13. Pubmed
  4. Geyer CE, Forster J, Lindquist D, Chan S, Romieu CG, Pienkowski T, Jagiello-Gruszfeld A, Crown J, Chan A, Kaufman B, Skarlos D, Campone M, Davidson N, Berger M, Oliva C, Rubin SD, Stein S, Cameron D: Lapatinib plus capecitabine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 28;355(26):2733-43. Pubmed
  5. Johnston SR, Leary A: Lapatinib: a novel EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for cancer. Drugs Today (Barc). 2006 Jul;42(7):441-53. Pubmed
  6. Tevaarwerk AJ, Kolesar JM: Lapatinib: a small-molecule inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinases used in the treatment of breast cancer. Clin Ther. 2009;31 Pt 2:2332-48. Pubmed
  7. Medina PJ, Goodin S: Lapatinib: a dual inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Clin Ther. 2008 Aug;30(8):1426-47. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D04024 Link_out
PubChem Compound 208908 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46507141 Link_out
ChemSpider 181006 Link_out
BindingDB 5445 Link_out
ChEBI 49603 Link_out
ChEMBL 49603 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DCL000344 Link_out
PharmGKB PA152241907 Link_out
HET FMM Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/tykerb.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/lapatinib.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapatinib Link_out
ATC Codes
  • L01XE07
AHFS Codes Not Available
PDB Entries
FDA label Not Available
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Artemether Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Etravirine Lapatinib, when used concomitantly with etravirine (a strong CYP3A4 inducer), may experience a decrease in serum concentration. It is recommended to avoid this combination.
Lumefantrine Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Pazopanib Lapatinib is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4, BCRP, and p-glycoprotein and may increase exposure of pazopanib. AUC and Cmax increase by 50-60%.
Tacrolimus Additive QTc-prolongation may occur increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used with caution.
Tamsulosin Lapatinib, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamsulosin, a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamsulosin if Lapatinib is initiated, discontinued, or dose changed.
Telithromycin Telithromycin may reduce clearance of Lapatinib. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Lapatinib if Telithromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Thiothixene May cause additive QTc-prolonging effects. Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. Thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration.
Tolterodine Lapatinib may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolterodine. Adjust Tolterodine dose and monitor for efficacy and toxicity.
Topotecan The p-glycoprotein inhibitor, Lapatinib, may increase the bioavailability of oral Topotecan. A clinically significant effect is also expected with IV Topotecan. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Toremifene Additive QTc-prolongation may occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. A thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration.
Tramadol Lapatinib may increase Tramadol toxicity by decreasing Tramadol metabolism and clearance.
Trazodone The CYP3A4 inhibitor, Lapatinib, may increase Trazodone efficacy/toxicity by decreasing Trazodone metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in Trazodone efficacy/toxicity if Lapatinib is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Tretinoin The moderate CYP2C8 inhibitor, Lapatinib, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of oral Tretinoin. Monitor for changes in Tretinoin effectiveness and adverse/toxic effects if Lapatinib is initiated, discontinued to dose changed.
Trimipramine Additive QTc-prolongation may occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used with caution.
Voriconazole Voriconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of lapatinib by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of lapatinib if voriconazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Vorinostat Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP).
Ziprasidone Additive QTc-prolonging effects may increase the risk of severe arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Zuclopenthixol Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or use caution and monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP).
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. Epidermal growth factor receptor

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist

Isoform 2/truncated isoform may act as an antagonist

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P00533 Link_out
Gene: EGFR Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Xia W, Mullin RJ, Keith BR, Liu LH, Ma H, Rusnak DW, Owens G, Alligood KJ, Spector NL: Anti-tumor activity of GW572016: a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor blocks EGF activation of EGFR/erbB2 and downstream Erk1/2 and AKT pathways. Oncogene. 2002 Sep 12;21(41):6255-63. Pubmed
  2. Grana TM, Sartor CI, Cox AD: Epidermal growth factor receptor autocrine signaling in RIE-1 cells transformed by the Ras oncogene enhances radiation resistance. Cancer Res. 2003 Nov 15;63(22):7807-14. Pubmed
  3. Xia W, Liu LH, Ho P, Spector NL: Truncated ErbB2 receptor (p95ErbB2) is regulated by heregulin through heterodimer formation with ErbB3 yet remains sensitive to the dual EGFR/ErbB2 kinase inhibitor GW572016. Oncogene. 2004 Jan 22;23(3):646-53. Pubmed
  4. Zhou H, Kim YS, Peletier A, McCall W, Earp HS, Sartor CI: Effects of the EGFR/HER2 kinase inhibitor GW572016 on EGFR- and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell line proliferation, radiosensitization, and resistance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Feb 1;58(2):344-52. Pubmed
  5. Langer CJ: Emerging role of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in therapy for advanced malignancy: focus on NSCLC. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Mar 1;58(3):991-1002. Pubmed
  6. Burris HA 3rd: Dual kinase inhibition in the treatment of breast cancer: initial experience with the EGFR/ErbB-2 inhibitor lapatinib. Oncologist. 2004;9 Suppl 3:10-5. Pubmed
  7. Wood ER, Truesdale AT, McDonald OB, Yuan D, Hassell A, Dickerson SH, Ellis B, Pennisi C, Horne E, Lackey K, Alligood KJ, Rusnak DW, Gilmer TM, Shewchuk L: A unique structure for epidermal growth factor receptor bound to GW572016 (Lapatinib): relationships among protein conformation, inhibitor off-rate, and receptor activity in tumor cells. Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 15;64(18):6652-9. Pubmed
  8. Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Cufi S, Barco SD, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA: Lapatinib, a dual HER1/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, augments basal cleavage of HER2 extracellular domain (ECD) to inhibit HER2-driven cancer cell growth. J Cell Physiol. 2010 Jul 23. Pubmed
  9. Johnston SR, Leary A: Lapatinib: a novel EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for cancer. Drugs Today (Barc). 2006 Jul;42(7):441-53. Pubmed
  10. Tevaarwerk AJ, Kolesar JM: Lapatinib: a small-molecule inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinases used in the treatment of breast cancer. Clin Ther. 2009;31 Pt 2:2332-48. Pubmed
  11. Medina PJ, Goodin S: Lapatinib: a dual inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Clin Ther. 2008 Aug;30(8):1426-47. Pubmed
  12. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

2. Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist

Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, although neuregulins do not interact with it alone. GP30 is a potential ligand for this receptor. Not activated by EGF, TGF- alpha and amphiregulin

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P04626 Link_out
Gene: ERBB2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Xia W, Liu LH, Ho P, Spector NL: Truncated ErbB2 receptor (p95ErbB2) is regulated by heregulin through heterodimer formation with ErbB3 yet remains sensitive to the dual EGFR/ErbB2 kinase inhibitor GW572016. Oncogene. 2004 Jan 22;23(3):646-53. Pubmed
  2. Zhou H, Kim YS, Peletier A, McCall W, Earp HS, Sartor CI: Effects of the EGFR/HER2 kinase inhibitor GW572016 on EGFR- and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell line proliferation, radiosensitization, and resistance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Feb 1;58(2):344-52. Pubmed
  3. Langer CJ: Emerging role of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in therapy for advanced malignancy: focus on NSCLC. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Mar 1;58(3):991-1002. Pubmed
  4. Burris HA 3rd: Dual kinase inhibition in the treatment of breast cancer: initial experience with the EGFR/ErbB-2 inhibitor lapatinib. Oncologist. 2004;9 Suppl 3:10-5. Pubmed
  5. Wood ER, Truesdale AT, McDonald OB, Yuan D, Hassell A, Dickerson SH, Ellis B, Pennisi C, Horne E, Lackey K, Alligood KJ, Rusnak DW, Gilmer TM, Shewchuk L: A unique structure for epidermal growth factor receptor bound to GW572016 (Lapatinib): relationships among protein conformation, inhibitor off-rate, and receptor activity in tumor cells. Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 15;64(18):6652-9. Pubmed
  6. Grana TM, Sartor CI, Cox AD: Epidermal growth factor receptor autocrine signaling in RIE-1 cells transformed by the Ras oncogene enhances radiation resistance. Cancer Res. 2003 Nov 15;63(22):7807-14. Pubmed
  7. Xia W, Mullin RJ, Keith BR, Liu LH, Ma H, Rusnak DW, Owens G, Alligood KJ, Spector NL: Anti-tumor activity of GW572016: a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor blocks EGF activation of EGFR/erbB2 and downstream Erk1/2 and AKT pathways. Oncogene. 2002 Sep 12;21(41):6255-63. Pubmed
  8. Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Cufi S, Barco SD, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA: Lapatinib, a dual HER1/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, augments basal cleavage of HER2 extracellular domain (ECD) to inhibit HER2-driven cancer cell growth. J Cell Physiol. 2010 Jul 23. Pubmed
  9. Johnston SR, Leary A: Lapatinib: a novel EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for cancer. Drugs Today (Barc). 2006 Jul;42(7):441-53. Pubmed
  10. Tevaarwerk AJ, Kolesar JM: Lapatinib: a small-molecule inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinases used in the treatment of breast cancer. Clin Ther. 2009;31 Pt 2:2332-48. Pubmed
  11. Medina PJ, Goodin S: Lapatinib: a dual inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Clin Ther. 2008 Aug;30(8):1426-47. Pubmed
  12. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Medina PJ, Goodin S: Lapatinib: a dual inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Clin Ther. 2008 Aug;30(8):1426-47. Pubmed
  2. van Erp NP, Gelderblom H, Guchelaar HJ: Clinical pharmacokinetics of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Treat Rev. 2009 Dec;35(8):692-706. Epub 2009 Sep 5. Pubmed
  3. Teng WC, Oh JW, New LS, Wahlin MD, Nelson SD, Ho HK, Chan EC: Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 3A4 by Lapatinib. Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Jul 12. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 3A5

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20815 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Medina PJ, Goodin S: Lapatinib: a dual inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Clin Ther. 2008 Aug;30(8):1426-47. Pubmed
  2. van Erp NP, Gelderblom H, Guchelaar HJ: Clinical pharmacokinetics of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Treat Rev. 2009 Dec;35(8):692-706. Epub 2009 Sep 5. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 2C8

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti- cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol)

UniProt ID: P10632 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C8
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Medina PJ, Goodin S: Lapatinib: a dual inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Clin Ther. 2008 Aug;30(8):1426-47. Pubmed
  2. van Erp NP, Gelderblom H, Guchelaar HJ: Clinical pharmacokinetics of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Treat Rev. 2009 Dec;35(8):692-706. Epub 2009 Sep 5. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 2C19

Actions: substrate

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine

UniProt ID: P33261 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C19 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Medina PJ, Goodin S: Lapatinib: a dual inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Clin Ther. 2008 Aug;30(8):1426-47. Pubmed
  2. van Erp NP, Gelderblom H, Guchelaar HJ: Clinical pharmacokinetics of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Treat Rev. 2009 Dec;35(8):692-706. Epub 2009 Sep 5. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Actions: inhibitor

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out
Gene: ABCB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Dai CL, Tiwari AK, Wu CP, Su XD, Wang SR, Liu DG, Ashby CR Jr, Huang Y, Robey RW, Liang YJ, Chen LM, Shi CJ, Ambudkar SV, Chen ZS, Fu LW: Lapatinib (Tykerb, GW572016) reverses multidrug resistance in cancer cells by inhibiting the activity of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 and G member 2. Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 1;68(19):7905-14. Pubmed

2. Antigen peptide transporter 1

Actions: inhibitor

Involved in the transport of antigens from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum for association with MHC class I molecules. Also acts as a molecular scaffold for the final stage of MHC class I folding, namely the binding of peptide. Nascent MHC class I molecules associate with TAP via tapasin. Inhibited by the covalent attachment of herpes simplex virus ICP47 protein, which blocks the peptide-binding site of TAP. Inhibited by human cytomegalovirus US6 glycoprotein, which binds to the lumenal side of the TAP complex and inhibits peptide translocation by specifically blocking ATP-binding to TAP1 and prevents the conformational rearrangement of TAP induced by peptide binding. Inhibited by human adenovirus E3-19K glycoprotein, which binds the TAP complex and acts as a tapasin inhibitor, preventing MHC class I/TAP association. Expression of TAP1 is down-regulated by human Epstein-Barr virus vIL-10 protein, thereby affecting the transport of peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequent peptide loading by MHC class I molecules

UniProt ID: Q03518 Link_out
Gene: TAP1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Dai CL, Tiwari AK, Wu CP, Su XD, Wang SR, Liu DG, Ashby CR Jr, Huang Y, Robey RW, Liang YJ, Chen LM, Shi CJ, Ambudkar SV, Chen ZS, Fu LW: Lapatinib (Tykerb, GW572016) reverses multidrug resistance in cancer cells by inhibiting the activity of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 and G member 2. Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 1;68(19):7905-14. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on May 16, 2007 11:27 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:20