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targets (2) enzymes (4)
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Identification
Name Lumiracoxib
Accession Number DB01283
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Lumiracoxib is a COX-2 selective inhibitor non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. On August 11, 2007, Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA, the Australian equivalent of the FDA) cancelled the registration of lumiracoxib in Australia due to concerns that it may cause liver failure. New Zealand and Canada have also followed suit in recalling the drug.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  • COX 189
  • lumiracoxib
Brand names
  • Prexige
  • Prexige (Novartis)
Brand name mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
CAS number 220991-20-8
Weight Average: 293.721
Monoisotopic: 293.061884577
Chemical Formula C15H13ClFNO2
InChI Key InChIKey=KHPKQFYUPIUARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C15H13ClFNO2/c1-9-5-6-13(10(7-9)8-14(19)20)18-15-11(16)3-2-4-12(15)17/h2-7,18H,8H2,1H3,(H,19,20)
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
2-{2-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)amino]-5-methylphenyl}acetic acid
SMILES
CC1=CC(CC(O)=O)=C(NC2=C(Cl)C=CC=C2F)C=C1
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Phenylacetates
Substructures
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Acetates
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Phenylacetates
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Aryl Halides
  • Halobenzenes
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anilines
Pharmacology
Indication For the acute and chronic treatment of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee in adults.
Pharmacodynamics Lumiracoxib has a different structure from the standard COX-2 inhibitors (e.g. celecoxib). It more closely resembles the structure of diclofenac (one chlorine substituted by fluorine, the phenylacetic acid has another methyl group in meta position), making it a member of the arylalkanoic acid family of NSAIDs. It binds to a different site on the COX-2 receptor than the standard COX-2 inhibitors. It displays extremely high COX-2 selectivity.
Mechanism of action The mechanism of action of lumiracoxib is due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via inhibition of cyclooygenase-2 (COX-2). Lumiracoxib does not inhibit COX-1 at therapeutic concentrations.
Absorption Rapidly absorbed following oral administration, with an absolute oral bioavailablity of 74%.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Highly bound to plasma proteins (>= 98%).
Metabolism

Hepatic oxidation and hydroxylation via CYP2C9. Three major metabolites have been identified in plasma: 4'-hydroxy-lumiracoxib, 5-carboxy-lumiracoxib, and 4'-hydroxy-5-carboxy-lumiracoxib.

Enzyme Metabolite Reaction Km Vmax
Cytochrome P450 2C9 4’-Hydroxylumiracoxib 4'-hydroxylation
Cytochrome P450 2C19 4’-Hydroxylumiracoxib 4'-hydroxylation
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life Terminal half-life is approximately 4 hours.
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Single oral doses in mice and rats resulted in mortality and/or moribundity at doses of 600 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Single intraperitoneal doses in mice and rats results in mortality/moribundity at 750 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum non-lethal single oral and intraperitoneal dose in mouse was 300 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, respectively. In the rat it was 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, respectively.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers Not Available
Packagers Not Available
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Tablet Oral
Prices Not Available
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Melting point Not Available
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
logP 3.9 PhysProp
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 5.49e-03 g/l ALOGPS
logP 4.56 ALOGPS
logP 4.31 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -4.73 ALOGPS
pKa 15.87 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 3 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 49.33 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 4 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 75.91 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 28.50 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D03714 Link_out
PubChem Compound 151166 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46506378 Link_out
ChemSpider 133236 Link_out
BindingDB 50207446 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000970 Link_out
Drug Product Database 2288036 Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumiracoxib Link_out
ATC Codes
  • M01AH06
AHFS Codes
  • 28:08.04.08
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions
  • Take with or without food. Food has no effect on the absorption of the product.
Targets

1. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P35354 Link_out
Gene: PTGS2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Capone ML, Tacconelli S, Sciulli MG, Patrignani P: Clinical pharmacology of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2003 May-Aug;16(2 Suppl):49-58. Pubmed
  2. Tacconelli S, Capone ML, Patrignani P: Clinical pharmacology of novel selective COX-2 inhibitors. Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10(6):589-601. Pubmed
  3. Atherton C, Jones J, McKaig B, Bebb J, Cunliffe R, Burdsall J, Brough J, Stevenson D, Bonner J, Rordorf C, Scott G, Branson J, Hawkey CJ: Pharmacology and gastrointestinal safety of lumiracoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor: An integrated study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Feb;2(2):113-20. Pubmed
  4. Kalbag J, Yeh CM, Milosavljev S, Lasseter K, Oberstein S, Rordorf C: No influence of moderate hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of lumiracoxib, an oral COX-2 selective inhibitor. Pharmacol Res. 2004 Aug;50(2):181-6. Pubmed
  5. Esser R, Berry C, Du Z, Dawson J, Fox A, Fujimoto RA, Haston W, Kimble EF, Koehler J, Peppard J, Quadros E, Quintavalla J, Toscano K, Urban L, van Duzer J, Zhang X, Zhou S, Marshall PJ: Preclinical pharmacology of lumiracoxib: a novel selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2. Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Feb;144(4):538-50. Pubmed
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

2. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically transformed cells

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P23219 Link_out
Gene: PTGS1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Capone ML, Tacconelli S, Sciulli MG, Patrignani P: Clinical pharmacology of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2003 May-Aug;16(2 Suppl):49-58. Pubmed
  2. Esser R, Berry C, Du Z, Dawson J, Fox A, Fujimoto RA, Haston W, Kimble EF, Koehler J, Peppard J, Quadros E, Quintavalla J, Toscano K, Urban L, van Duzer J, Zhang X, Zhou S, Marshall PJ: Preclinical pharmacology of lumiracoxib: a novel selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2. Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Feb;144(4):538-50. Pubmed
  3. Jermany J, Branson J, Schmouder R, Guillaume M, Rordorf C: Lumiracoxib does not affect the ex vivo antiplatelet aggregation activity of low-dose aspirin in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;45(10):1172-8. Pubmed
  4. Warner TD, Vojnovic I, Bishop-Bailey D, Mitchell JA: Influence of plasma protein on the potencies of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2. FASEB J. 2006 Mar;20(3):542-4. Epub 2006 Jan 10. Pubmed
  5. Blobaum AL, Marnett LJ: Molecular determinants for the selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by lumiracoxib. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 1;282(22):16379-90. Epub 2007 Apr 12. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan

UniProt ID: P11712 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C9
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 2C19

Actions: substrate

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine

UniProt ID: P33261 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C19 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

3. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9

Actions: substrate

UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols

UniProt ID: O60656 Link_out
Gene: UGT1A9 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen

UniProt ID: P05177 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on May 17, 2007 10:57 / Updated on November 10, 2010 13:47

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.