| Identification |
|---|
| Name |
Iohexol |
| Accession Number |
DB01362
|
| Type |
small molecule |
| Groups |
approved |
| Description |
Iohexol is an effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality. [PubChem] |
| Structure |
Download:
MOL |
SDF |
SMILES |
InChI
Display:
2D Structure |
3D Structure
|
| Synonyms |
Not Available |
| Synonyms |
Not Available |
| Salts |
Not Available |
| Brand names |
| Name |
Company |
| Exypaque |
|
| Histodenz |
|
| Nycodenz |
|
| Omnipaque |
|
|
| Brand mixtures |
Not Available |
| Categories |
- Contrast Media
- Contrast Agents
|
| CAS number |
66108-95-0 |
| Weight |
Average: 821.1379
Monoisotopic: 820.880309705
|
| Chemical Formula |
C19H26I3N3O9 |
| InChI Key |
InChIKey=NTHXOOBQLCIOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI |
InChI=1S/C19H26I3N3O9/c1-8(29)25(4-11(32)7-28)17-15(21)12(18(33)23-2-9(30)5-26)14(20)13(16(17)22)19(34)24-3-10(31)6-27/h9-11,26-28,30-32H,2-7H2,1H3,(H,23,33)(H,24,34)
Plain Text
|
| IUPAC Name |
1-N,3-N-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido]-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide
|
| SMILES |
CC(=O)N(CC(O)CO)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I
Plain Text
|
| Mass Spec |
Not Available
|
| Taxonomy |
|---|
| Kingdom |
Organic |
| Classes |
- Aminobenzoates
- Acetanilides
- Benzamides
|
| Substructures |
- Aminobenzoates
- Hydroxy Compounds
- Amino Ketones
- Benzene and Derivatives
- Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
- Acetanilides
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Aryl Halides
- Alcohols and Polyols
- Aromatic compounds
- Carboxamides and Derivatives
- Halobenzenes
- Benzoyl Derivatives
- Benzamides
- Anilines
|
| Pharmacology |
|---|
| Indication |
Iohexol ia used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. |
| Pharmacodynamics |
Iohexol is an effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality. |
| Mechanism of action |
Organic iodine compounds block x-rays as they pass through the body, thereby allowing body structures containing iodine to be delineated in contrast to those structures that do not contain iodine. The degree of opacity produced by these compounds is directly proportional to the total amount (concentration and volume) of the iodinated contrast agent in the path of the x-rays. After intrathecal administration into the subarachnoid space, diffusion of iohexol in the CSF allows the visualization of the subarachnoid spaces of the head and spinal canal. After intravascular administration, iohexol makes opaque those vessels in its path of flow, allowing visualization of the internal structures until significant hemodilution occurs. |
| Absorption |
Small amounts are absorbed through the bladder via intravesical instillation. Following intrauterine instillation, the majority of the medium within the uterine cavity is discharged into the vagina immediately upon termination of procedure. However, any medium retained in the uterine or peritoneal cavity is absorbed systemically within 60 minutes. May not be absorbed for up to 24 hours if tubes are obstructed and dilated. |
| Volume of distribution |
|
| Protein binding |
Not Available |
| Metabolism |
Not Available |
| Route of elimination |
Iohexol is absorbed from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the bloodstream and is eliminated by renal excretion. No significant metabolism, deiodination, or biotransformation occurs. |
| Half life |
Intrathecal half-life is 3.4 hours (mean). Intravascular is approximately 2 hours (with normal renal function). |
| Clearance |
- 109 mL/min [Adult patients receiving 16-18 ml of iohexol (180 mgI/mL) by lumbar intrathecal injection]
|
| Toxicity |
Non-ionic radiocontrast agents like iohexol are cytotoxic to renal cells. The toxic effects include apoptosis, cellular energy failure, disruption of calcium homeostasis, and disturbance of tubular cell polarity, and are thought to be linked to oxidative stress. |
| Affected organisms |
|
| Pathways |
Not Available |
| Pharmacoeconomics |
|---|
| Manufacturers |
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| Packagers |
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| Dosage forms |
| Form |
Route |
Strength |
| Solution |
Intravascular |
|
| Solution |
Intravascular |
|
| Solution |
Subarachnoid |
|
|
| Prices |
| Unit description |
Cost |
Unit |
| Myelo-kit 180 mg/ml |
62.19 USD |
each |
| Omnipaque 240 mg/ml vial |
5.34 USD |
ml |
| Omnipaque 180 mg/ml vial |
4.92 USD |
ml |
| Omnipaque 300 mg/ml vial |
4.82 USD |
ml |
| Omnipaque 210 mg/ml vial |
3.53 USD |
ml |
| Omnipaque 350 mg/ml cartridge |
2.29 USD |
ml |
| Omnipaque 300 mg/ml cartridge |
2.17 USD |
ml |
| Omnipaque 240 mg/ml cartridge |
1.77 USD |
ml |
| Omnipaque 300 mg/ml syringe |
1.08 USD |
ml |
| Omnipaque 350 mg/ml infu btl |
1.08 USD |
ml |
| Omnipaque 140 mg/ml vial |
0.78 USD |
ml |
|
| Patents |
Not Available |
| Properties |
|---|
| State |
solid |
| Melting point |
174-180 oC |
| Experimental Properties |
| Property |
Value |
Source |
| logP |
-3.05 [HANSCH,C & LEO,AJ (1985)] |
PhysProp |
|
| Predicted Properties |
|
| References |
|---|
| Synthesis Reference |
Not Available
|
| General Reference |
- Kawada TK: Iohexol and iopamidol: second-generation nonionic radiographic contrast media. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1985 Jul-Aug;19(7-8):525-9. Pubmed
- Shaw DD, Potts DG: Toxicology of iohexol. Invest Radiol. 1985 Jan-Feb;20(1 Suppl):S10-3. Pubmed
|
| External Links |
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| ATC Codes |
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| AHFS Codes |
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| PDB Entries |
Not Available |
| FDA label |
Not Available
|
| MSDS |
Not Available
|
| Interactions |
|---|
| Drug Interactions |
| Drug |
Interaction |
| Amiodarone |
Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
|
| Food Interactions |
Not Available |
