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Identification
Name Ginseng
Accession Number DB01404
Type small molecule
Groups approved, nutraceutical
Description

Ginseng is promoted as an adaptogen (a product that increases the body’s resistance to stress), one which can to a certain extent be supported with reference to its anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties. Ginseng is also known to contain phytoestrogens.
Structure Thumb
Synonyms Not Available
Salts Not Available
Brand names Not Available
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories Not Available
CAS number 50647-08-0
Weight Not Available
Chemical Formula Not Available
InChI Key Not Available
InChI Not Available
IUPAC Name Not Available
SMILES Not Available
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Not Available
Classes Not Available
Substructures Not Available
Pharmacology
Indication Not Available
Pharmacodynamics Not Available
Mechanism of action Not Available
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism Not Available
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life Not Available
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms Not Available
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers Not Available
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Capsule Oral
Liquid Oral
Solution / drops Oral
Tablet Oral
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
V-r panax ginseng 300 mg capsule 0.18 USD capsule
Ra ginseng 100 mg softgel 0.17 USD softgel capsule
Eql ginseng 100 mg caplet 0.15 USD caplet
Eql ginseng 100 mg softgel 0.15 USD softgel capsule
Korean ginseng 1000 mg tablet 0.14 USD tablet
Siberian ginseng 250 mg capsule 0.14 USD capsule
CVS Pharmacy ginseng 200 mg softgel 0.13 USD softgel capsule
Korean ginseng 518 mg cap 0.13 USD capsule
Korean ginseng 350 mg capsule 0.09 USD capsule
Ginseng 8 gr capsule 0.08 USD capsule
Siberian root 1000 mg capsule 0.08 USD capsule
Ginseng 250 mg capsule 0.07 USD capsule
Ra siberian ginseng 410 mg 0.05 USD each
Gnp ginseng root 410 mg capsule 0.04 USD capsule
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DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties Not Available
Predicted Properties Not Available
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Lee YJ, Jin YR, Lim WC, Park WK, Cho JY, Jang S, Lee SK: Ginsenoside-Rb1 acts as a weak phytoestrogen in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2003 Jan;26(1):58-63. Pubmed
  2. Chan RY, Chen WF, Dong A, Guo D, Wong MS: Estrogen-like activity of ginsenoside Rg1 derived from Panax notoginseng. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Aug;87(8):3691-5. Pubmed
  3. Lee Y, Jin Y, Lim W, Ji S, Choi S, Jang S, Lee S: A ginsenoside-Rh1, a component of ginseng saponin, activates estrogen receptor in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Mar;84(4):463-8. Pubmed
  4. McElhaney JE, Gravenstein S, Cole SK, Davidson E, O’neill D, Petitjean S, Rumble B, Shan JJ: A placebo-controlled trial of a proprietary extract of North American ginseng (CVT-E002) to prevent acute respiratory illness in institutionalized older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004 Jan;52(1):13-9. Pubmed
  5. Lewis WH, Zenger VE, Lynch RG: No adaptogen response of mice to ginseng and Eleutherococcus infusions. J Ethnopharmacol. 1983 Aug;8(2):209-14. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
PharmGKB PA164781150 Link_out
Drug Product Database 682667 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/ginseng.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/ginseng.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginseng Link_out
ATC Codes Not Available
AHFS Codes
  • 92:01.00*
  • 92:02.00*
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS show (73.2 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Bumetanide Ginseng may decrease the therapeutic effect of diuretic, bumetanide.
Digoxin Changes in digoxin serum levels
Ethacrynic acid Ginseng may decrease the therapeutic effect of diuretic, ethacrynic acid.
Furosemide Ginseng decreases the therapeutic effect
Ginkgo biloba Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Ketoprofen Increased risk of bleeding due to additive anticoagulant properties of the two agents. Concomitant therapy should be avoided or monitored carefully for bleeding, bruising and altered mental status, which may be caused by CNS bleeds.
Nifedipine Ginseng increases the effect and toxicity of nifedipine
Sulindac Ginseng may enhance the anticoagulant effect of sulindac. Increased risk of bleeding, bruising and altered mental status due to CNS bleeds. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Tenecteplase Increased risk of bleeding.
Tiaprofenic acid Increased risk of bleeding due to additive antiplatelet properties of the two agents. Concomitant therapy should be avoided or monitored carefully for bleeding, bruising and altered mental status, which may be caused by CNS bleeds.
Tolmetin Increased risk of bleeding due to additive antiplatelet properties of the two agents. Concomitant therapy should be avoided or monitored carefully for bleeding, bruising and altered mental status, which may be caused by CNS bleeds.
Trandolapril Ginseng may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Monitor Trandolapril efficacy.
Urokinase Increased risk of bleeding.
Warfarin Additive anticoagulant effects increase the risk of bleeding. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. Interleukin-6

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: antagonist

IL-6 is a cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions:it plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells, it induces myeloma and plasmacytoma growth, it induces nerve cells differentiation, in hepatocytes it induces acute phase reactants

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P05231 Link_out
Gene: IL6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Kim DH, Moon YS, Lee TH, Jung JS, Suh HW, Song DK: The inhibitory effect of ginseng saponins on the stress-induced plasma interleukin-6 level in mice. Neurosci Lett. 2003 Dec 15;353(1):13-6. Pubmed
  2. Kim SJ, Jeong HJ, Yi BJ, Kang TH, An NH, Lee EH, Yang DC, Kim HM, Hong SH, Um JY: Transgenic Panax ginseng inhibits the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 as well as COX-2 expression in human mast cells. Am J Chin Med. 2007;35(2):329-39. Pubmed

2. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor

May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P35354 Link_out
Gene: PTGS2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yim HW, Jong HS, Kim TY, Choi HH, Kim SG, Song SH, Kim J, Ko SG, Lee JW, Kim TY, Bang YJ: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibits novel ginseng metabolite-mediated apoptosis. Cancer Res. 2005 Mar 1;65(5):1952-60. Pubmed
  2. Seo JY, Lee JH, Kim NW, Her E, Chang SH, Ko NY, Yoo YH, Kim JW, Seo DW, Han JW, Kim YM, Choi WS: Effect of a fermented ginseng extract, BST204, on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol. 2005 May;5(5):929-36. Pubmed
  3. Kim SJ, Jeong HJ, Yi BJ, Kang TH, An NH, Lee EH, Yang DC, Kim HM, Hong SH, Um JY: Transgenic Panax ginseng inhibits the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 as well as COX-2 expression in human mast cells. Am J Chin Med. 2007;35(2):329-39. Pubmed

3. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

Ligand-activated transcriptional activator. Binds to the XRE promoter region of genes it activates. Activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Involved in cell-cycle regulation. Likely to play an important role in the development and maturation of many tissues

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P35869 Link_out
Gene: AHR Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Wang Y, Ye X, Ma Z, Liang Q, Lu B, Tan H, Xiao C, Zhang B, Gao Y: Induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 expression by ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in HepG2 cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Dec 28;601(1-3):73-8. Epub 2008 Nov 11. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on July 13, 2007 14:21 / Updated on February 14, 2012 11:47