Dosulepin

Identification

Summary

Dosulepin is a tricyclic antidepressant commonly used only in patients for whom alternative therapies are ineffective due to its toxicity potential.

Generic Name
Dosulepin
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09167
Background

Dosulepin (INN, BAN) formerly known as dothiepin (USAN), is a tricyclic antidepressant with anxiolytic properties that is used in several European and South Asian countries, as well as Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. It is not FDA-approved due to low therpeutic index and significant toxicity in overdose. Dosulepin inhibits the reuptake of biogenic amines, increasing available neurotransmitter levels at the synaptic cleft. The use of dosulepsin is only recommended in patients who are intolerant or unresponsive to alternative antidepressant therapies. Dosulepsin is a thio derivative of Amitriptyline with a similar efficacy to that of Amitriptyline, and also exhibits anticholinergic, antihistamine and central sedative properties 8. Its hydrochloride form is a common active ingredient in different drug formulations.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 295.44
Monoisotopic: 295.139470854
Chemical Formula
C19H21NS
Synonyms
  • (3E)-3-dibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11(6H)-ylidene-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine
  • 11-(3-Dimethylaminopropylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenzo(b,e)thiepin
  • Dosulepin
  • Dosulepina
  • Dosulépine
  • Dosulepinum
  • Dothiepin
  • trans-dothiepin

Pharmacology

Indication

Indicated in the treatment of symptoms of depressive illness, especially where an anti-anxiety effect is required.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofAnxiety••••••••••••••••••• •••• ••••••
Treatment ofDepression••••••••••••••••••• •••• ••••••
Treatment ofDepression••••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Dosulepin is a tricyclic antidepressant that interacts with various receptors and transporters. It is a monoamine reuptake inhibitor with approximately equal potency for noradrenaline and 5-HT that increases the availability of these neurotransmitters at the central synapses 8. The metabolites of dosulepin are shown to inhibit 5HT uptake by the human blood platelet 2.

Mechanism of action

By binding to noradrenaline transporter (NAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT) in an equipotent manner and inhibiting the reuptake activity, dosulepin increases the free levels of noradrenaline and 5HT at the synaptic cleft. It is shown that the main metabolite northiaden is a more potent inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake than the parent drug 5.

Dosulepin displays affinity towards α2-adrenoceptors and to a lesser extent, α1-adrenoceptors 4. Inhibition of presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors by dosulepin facilitates noradrenaline release and further potentiates the antidepressant effects 5. It also downregulates central β-adrenoceptors by causing a decline in the number of receptors and reduces noradrenaline-induced cyclic AMP formation 7,5. Dosulepin binds to 5HT1A and 5HT2A receptors in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus as an antagonist. 5HT1A receptors are autoreceptors that inhibit 5HT release and 5HT2A receptors are Gi/Go-coupled receptors that reduces dopamine release upon activation 6. Antagonism at 5HT2A receptors may also improve sleep patterns. Dosulepin also binds to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and causes antimuscarinic side effects such as dry mouth. By acting as an antagonist at histamine type 1 (H1) receptors, dosulepin mediates a sedative effect.

Main metabolites northiaden, dothiepin sulphoxide and northiaden sulphoxide may also bind to 5HT, α2 and H1 receptors, although with less affinity compared to the parent drug 3.

TargetActionsOrganism
A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
antagonist
Humans
A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
antagonist
Humans
AHistamine H1 receptor
antagonist
Humans
AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
antagonist
Humans
AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
antagonist
Humans
AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
antagonist
Humans
AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
antagonist
Humans
AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5
antagonist
Humans
AAlpha-2 adrenergic receptors
antagonist
Humans
AAlpha-1 adrenergic receptors
antagonist
Humans
ASodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
inhibitor
Humans
ASodium-dependent serotonin transporter
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Dosulepin is well absorbed from the intestines to reach the peak plasma concentration of 37.6ng/mL at 2.18 hours (Tmax) following oral administration of 25mg 7. The steady state concentrations are variable among individuals due to dynamic relationship between the drug dose and plasma concentration 8.

Volume of distribution

The mean apparent Vd is approximately 45 L/kg after oral administration of 75mg dosulepin 2. It crosses the blood-brain barrier to mediate its antidepressant actions and also crosses the placental barriers, with low concentration of the drug excreted in breast milk 8.

Protein binding

Approximately 84% of unchanged drug is bound to serum protein 8.

Metabolism

Dosulepin undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, to form main metabolites N-demethylated derivative northiaden (desmethyldosulepin or northiaden) and dosulepin S-oxide. Northiaden S-oxide is among 12 basic metabolites that are found in urine. The metabolic pathways of dosulepin is thought to involve N-demethylation, S-oxidation and glucuronic acid conjugation 8.

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Route of elimination

Dosulepin is predominantly cleared via renal elimination, mainly in the form of metabolites. Renal excretion of dosulepin and its metabolites accounts for 50% - 60% of total elimination, and biliary/fecal excretion is about 15%-40% 7.

Half-life

The elimination half life is approximately 20.4 hours following oral administration of 25mg dosulepin 7.

Clearance

Oral clearance is approximately 1.36 L/kg * hr following a single oral dose of 75mg dosulepin 2.

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

High mortality is associated with overdose of dosulepin (>5mg/kg) with the onset of toxicity occuring within 4-6 hours. Dosulepin may increase the risk of cardiovascular toxicity (cardiac arrhythmias, conduction disorders, cardiac failure and circulatory collapse) and severe hypotension, especially in the elderly 7. Withdrawal symptoms are reported in case of sudden cessation of therapy, which include insomnia, irritability, headache, nausea, giddiness, panic-anxiety, extreme motor restlessness and excessive perspiration. There have been reports of increased suicidal thoughts or behaviour with dosulepin treatment. Oral lowest published toxic dose (Toxic Dose Low, TDLo) is 90 mg/kg in infants and 4.5 mg/kg in female adults. Intravenous LD50 in mouse is 31 mg/kg MSDS.

Most common adverse effects involve the central nervous system (drowsiness, extrapyramidal symptoms, tremor, confusional states, disorientation, dizziness, paraesthesia, alterations to EEG patterns), anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, sweating, urinary retention), cardiovascular system (hypotension, postural hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmias, conduction defects), endocrine system (altered libido), gastrointestinal system (nausea, vomiting, constipation) and blurred vision 8.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Dosulepin is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Dosulepin can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Dosulepin can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbirateroneThe metabolism of Dosulepin can be decreased when combined with Abiraterone.
AbrocitinibThe metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Dosulepin.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Dosulepin hydrochloride3H0042311V897-15-4XUPZAARQDNSRJB-SJDTYFKWSA-N
International/Other Brands
Depropin (CCM Duopharma Biotech) / Dopress (Mylan) / Dothip (Micro Synapse) / Dothitab (Psycorem) / Dotopine (Shou Chan) / Elate (Crescent) / Espin (Taejoon Pharm) / Harmomed (Kwizda) / Othtric (Cubit) / Prothiaden (Abbott / Teofarma) / Qualiaden (Quality Pharm) / Singsong (Yuan Chou) / Thaden (Pharmacare) / Vick-Thiaden (Vickmans)

Categories

ATC Codes
N06AA16 — Dosulepin
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dibenzothiepins. These are compounds containing a dibenzothiepin moiety, which consists of two benzene connected by a thiepine ring.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Benzothiepins
Sub Class
Dibenzothiepins
Direct Parent
Dibenzothiepins
Alternative Parents
Alkylarylthioethers / Benzenoids / Trialkylamines / Organopnictogen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
Alkylarylthioether / Amine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl thioether / Benzenoid / Dibenzothiepin / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic nitrogen compound / Organonitrogen compound / Organopnictogen compound
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
dothiepin (CHEBI:36803)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
W13O82Z7HL
CAS number
113-53-1
InChI Key
PHTUQLWOUWZIMZ-GZTJUZNOSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C19H21NS/c1-20(2)13-7-11-17-16-9-4-3-8-15(16)14-21-19-12-6-5-10-18(17)19/h3-6,8-12H,7,13-14H2,1-2H3/b17-11+
IUPAC Name
dimethyl({3-[(2E)-9-thiatricyclo[9.4.0.0³,⁸]pentadeca-1(15),3,5,7,11,13-hexaen-2-ylidene]propyl})amine
SMILES
CN(C)CC\C=C1/C2=CC=CC=C2CSC2=CC=CC=C12

References

General References
  1. Lancaster SG, Gonzalez JP: Dothiepin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in depressive illness. Drugs. 1989 Jul;38(1):123-47. [Article]
  2. Maguire KP, Burrows GD, Norman TR, Scoggins BA: Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of dothiepin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1981 Sep;12(3):405-9. [Article]
  3. Fulton A, Norman TR, Cheng H, Burrows GD: Assessment of the antidepressant activity of dothiepin and its metabolites by preclinical tests. J Affect Disord. 1982 Sep;4(3):261-9. [Article]
  4. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
  5. Heal D, Cheetham S, Martin K, Browning J, Luscombe G, Buckett R: Comparative pharmacology of dothiepin, its metabolites, and other antidepressant drugs Drug Development Research. 1992 May 1;27(2):121–135. [Article]
  6. 45. (2012). In Rang and Dale's Pharmacology (7th ed., pp. 559). Edinburgh: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. [ISBN:978-0-7020-3471-8]
  7. Co-pharma Ltd. SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS: Dosulepin hydrochloride tablets [Link]
  8. Alphapharm: DOTHEP (Dothiepin hydrochloride) Product information [Link]
KEGG Drug
D07872
PubChem Compound
5284550
PubChem Substance
310265076
ChemSpider
4447605
RxNav
3634
ChEBI
36803
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1492500
ZINC
ZINC000000020249
Wikipedia
Dosulepin
MSDS
Download (599 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
Not AvailableCompletedNot AvailableDepressive Episodes1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
TabletOral
CapsuleOral25 MG
Pill
Tablet, film coated
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)131- 134.6MSDS
boiling point (°C)339.8- 341.6MSDS
water solubilityPartly miscibleMSDS
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.000572 mg/mLALOGPS
logP4.98ALOGPS
logP4.52Chemaxon
logS-5.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.76Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area3.24 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity104.59 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability34.57 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f6t-0090000000-866fdc86f1e3621cada4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-1090000000-7b40f8137a87d1b068ed
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-1090000000-52c87a903497bc2c4571
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-0090000000-7debc4af2cfd1efcfa86
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0290000000-c793130d7223e627858f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-5590000000-a4f25891d1f51c65b6e2
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-181.5169306
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-167.1736
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+182.2414306
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+169.5316
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+181.6357306
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+175.62474
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers...
Gene Name
HTR1A
Uniprot ID
P08908
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
Molecular Weight
46106.335 Da
References
  1. Fulton A, Norman TR, Cheng H, Burrows GD: Assessment of the antidepressant activity of dothiepin and its metabolites by preclinical tests. J Affect Disord. 1982 Sep;4(3):261-9. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Virus receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodop...
Gene Name
HTR2A
Uniprot ID
P28223
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
Molecular Weight
52602.58 Da
References
  1. Fulton A, Norman TR, Cheng H, Burrows GD: Assessment of the antidepressant activity of dothiepin and its metabolites by preclinical tests. J Affect Disord. 1982 Sep;4(3):261-9. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function
In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamin...
Gene Name
HRH1
Uniprot ID
P35367
Uniprot Name
Histamine H1 receptor
Molecular Weight
55783.61 Da
References
  1. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
Specific Function
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
Gene Name
CHRM1
Uniprot ID
P11229
Uniprot Name
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
Molecular Weight
51420.375 Da
References
  1. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
Specific Function
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
Gene Name
CHRM2
Uniprot ID
P08172
Uniprot Name
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
Molecular Weight
51714.605 Da
References
  1. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Receptor activity
Specific Function
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
Gene Name
CHRM3
Uniprot ID
P20309
Uniprot Name
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
Molecular Weight
66127.445 Da
References
  1. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Specific Function
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
Gene Name
CHRM4
Uniprot ID
P08173
Uniprot Name
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
Molecular Weight
53048.65 Da
References
  1. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
Specific Function
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
Gene Name
CHRM5
Uniprot ID
P08912
Uniprot Name
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5
Molecular Weight
60073.205 Da
References
  1. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Thioesterase binding
Specific Function
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazo...

Components:
References
  1. Heal D, Cheetham S, Martin K, Browning J, Luscombe G, Buckett R: Comparative pharmacology of dothiepin, its metabolites, and other antidepressant drugs Drug Development Research. 1992 May 1;27(2):121–135. [Article]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...

Components:
References
  1. Heal D, Cheetham S, Martin K, Browning J, Luscombe G, Buckett R: Comparative pharmacology of dothiepin, its metabolites, and other antidepressant drugs Drug Development Research. 1992 May 1;27(2):121–135. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name
SLC6A2
Uniprot ID
P23975
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
Molecular Weight
69331.42 Da
References
  1. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
  2. Wille SM, Cooreman SG, Neels HM, Lambert WE: Relevant issues in the monitoring and the toxicology of antidepressants. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2008;45(1):25-89. doi: 10.1080/10408360701713112 . [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Serotonin:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function
Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into t...
Gene Name
SLC6A4
Uniprot ID
P31645
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
Molecular Weight
70324.165 Da
References
  1. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
  2. Wille SM, Cooreman SG, Neels HM, Lambert WE: Relevant issues in the monitoring and the toxicology of antidepressants. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2008;45(1):25-89. doi: 10.1080/10408360701713112 . [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
Curator comments
Data supporting this enzyme inhibition is limited.
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
Gene Name
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID
P33261
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C19
Molecular Weight
55930.545 Da
References
  1. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID
P11712
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight
55627.365 Da
References
  1. Gillman PK: Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6):737-48. Epub 2007 Apr 30. [Article]

Drug created at October 13, 2015 23:52 / Updated at May 07, 2021 21:06