Eluxadoline

Identification

Summary

Eluxadoline is a mixed mu-opioid receptor agonist used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea.

Brand Names
Viberzi
Generic Name
Eluxadoline
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09272
Background

Eluxadoline is a mixed mu-opioid receptor agonist, kappa-opioid receptor agonist, and a-delta opioid receptor antagonist indicated for use in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). The mu-, kappa-, and delta-opioid receptors mediate endogenous and exogenous opioid response in the central nervous system and peripherally in the gastrointestinal system. Agonism of peripheral mu-opioid receptors results in reduced colonic motility, while antagonism of central delta-opioid receptors results in improved analgesia, making eluxadoline usable for the symptoms of both pain and diarrhea characteristic of IBS-D.

Marketed under the tradename Viberzi (FDA), eluxadoline is an antimotility agent that decreases bowel contractions, inhibits colonic transit, and reduces fluid/ion secretion resulting in improved symptoms of abdominal pain and reductions in the Bristol Stool Scale.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 569.662
Monoisotopic: 569.263819247
Chemical Formula
C32H35N5O5
Synonyms
  • 5-({(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethyl-L-phenylalanyl)[(1S)-1-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-methoxybenzoic acid
  • Eluxadoline
External IDs
  • JNJ 27018966
  • JNJ-27018966
  • JNJ27018966

Pharmacology

Indication

For the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Management ofIrritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Eluxadoline is a mu-opioid receptor agonis, kappa opioid receptor agonist and a delta opioid receptor antagonist. Eluxadoline is used for diarrhea predominant IBS because it reduces intestinal contractility and normalizes stress-induced acceleration of upper GI transit. Antagonistic activity at the delta receptor minimizes the constipating effect usually seen by mu-opioid receptor agonists alone. Because of it's limited systemic bioavailability, there may be less side effects associated with the use of eluxadoline in comparison with other therapies used to treat diarrhea predominant IBS.

TargetActionsOrganism
AMu-type opioid receptor
agonist
Humans
ADelta-type opioid receptor
antagonist
Humans
AKappa-type opioid receptor
agonist
Humans
Absorption

The oral absorption of eluxadoline is poor - estimated to be 1.02%, this could be attributed to poor in vitro GI permeability, and its zwitterionic nature leading to a negatively charged molecule across the GI pH range.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

81%

Metabolism

The metabolism of eluxadoline is currently unclear, however evidence suggests limited glucoronidation forms an acyl glucuronide metabolite that is then excreted into urine.

Route of elimination

82% excreted in feces, <1% excreted in urine.

Half-life

The mean plasma elimination half-life ranged from 3.7 hours to 6 hours.

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The most common adverse reactions (>5%) are constipation, nausea and abdominal pain.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Eluxadoline is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AcetazolamideThe therapeutic efficacy of Acetazolamide can be decreased when used in combination with Eluxadoline.
AcetophenazineThe risk or severity of hypotension and CNS depression can be increased when Acetophenazine is combined with Eluxadoline.
AcetylcysteineThe serum concentration of Eluxadoline can be increased when it is combined with Acetylcysteine.
Acetylsalicylic acidThe excretion of Eluxadoline can be decreased when combined with Acetylsalicylic acid.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid excessive or chronic alcohol consumption. The risk of pancreatitis is increased with excess/chronic alcohol consumption.
  • Take with food.

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
TruberziTablet, film coated100 mgOralAllergan Pharmaceuticals International Limited2020-12-162021-02-25EU flag
TruberziTablet, film coated75 mgOralAllergan Pharmaceuticals International Limited2020-12-162021-02-25EU flag
TruberziTablet, film coated100 mgOralAllergan Pharmaceuticals International Limited2020-12-162021-02-25EU flag
TruberziTablet, film coated100 mgOralAllergan Pharmaceuticals International Limited2020-12-162021-02-25EU flag
TruberziTablet, film coated75 mgOralAllergan Pharmaceuticals International Limited2020-12-162021-02-25EU flag

Categories

ATC Codes
A07DA06 — Eluxadoline
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. These are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct Parent
Phenylalanine and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Alpha amino acid amides / Phenylimidazoles / O-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / Amphetamines and derivatives / Benzamides / Benzoic acids / m-Xylenes / Benzoyl derivatives / Anisoles / Imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives
show 16 more
Substituents
4-phenylimidazole / 5-phenylimidazole / Alkyl aryl ether / Alpha-amino acid amide / Amine / Amino acid / Amphetamine or derivatives / Anisole / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
show 35 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
amino acid amide, imidazoles, benzamides, L-phenylalanine derivative, methoxybenzoic acid (CHEBI:85980)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
45TPJ4MBQ1
CAS number
864821-90-9
InChI Key
QFNHIDANIVGXPE-FNZWTVRRSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C32H35N5O5/c1-18-12-23(29(34)38)13-19(2)24(18)15-26(33)31(39)37(17-21-10-11-28(42-4)25(14-21)32(40)41)20(3)30-35-16-27(36-30)22-8-6-5-7-9-22/h5-14,16,20,26H,15,17,33H2,1-4H3,(H2,34,38)(H,35,36)(H,40,41)/t20-,26-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
5-{[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-carbamoyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-[(1S)-1-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethyl]propanamido]methyl}-2-methoxybenzoic acid
SMILES
COC1=CC=C(CN([C@@H](C)C2=NC(=CN2)C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)[C@@H](N)CC2=C(C)C=C(C=C2C)C(N)=O)C=C1C(O)=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Breslin HJ, Diamond CJ, Kavash RW, Cai C, Dyatkin AB, Miskowski TA, Zhang SP, Wade PR, Hornby PJ, He W: Identification of a dual delta OR antagonist/mu OR agonist as a potential therapeutic for diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-d). Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 Jul 15;22(14):4869-72. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.042. Epub 2012 May 24. Pubmed

General References
  1. Garnock-Jones KP: Eluxadoline: First Global Approval. Drugs. 2015 Jul;75(11):1305-10. doi: 10.1007/s40265-015-0436-4. [Article]
  2. Nee J, Zakari M, Lembo AJ: Current and emerging drug options in the treatment of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015 Dec;16(18):2781-92. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1101449. Epub 2015 Nov 11. [Article]
  3. Dove LS, Lembo A, Randall CW, Fogel R, Andrae D, Davenport JM, McIntyre G, Almenoff JS, Covington PS: Eluxadoline benefits patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea in a phase 2 study. Gastroenterology. 2013 Aug;145(2):329-38.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.04.006. Epub 2013 Apr 9. [Article]
  4. Davenport JM, Covington P, Bonifacio L, McIntyre G, Venitz J: Effect of uptake transporters OAT3 and OATP1B1 and efflux transporter MRP2 on the pharmacokinetics of eluxadoline. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 May;55(5):534-42. doi: 10.1002/jcph.442. Epub 2015 Jan 14. [Article]
  5. Fujita W, Gomes I, Dove LS, Prohaska D, McIntyre G, Devi LA: Molecular characterization of eluxadoline as a potential ligand targeting mu-delta opioid receptor heteromers. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014 Dec 1;92(3):448-56. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.015. Epub 2014 Sep 28. [Article]
  6. FDA Approved Drug Products: VIBERZI (eluxadoline) tablets [Link]
KEGG Drug
D10403
PubChem Compound
11250029
PubChem Substance
310265167
ChemSpider
9425062
BindingDB
50393720
RxNav
1653781
ChEBI
85980
ChEMBL
CHEMBL2159122
ZINC
ZINC000014210876
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Eluxadoline
FDA label
Download (503 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentDiarrhoea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome2
3CompletedTreatmentIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)2
3Enrolling by InvitationTreatmentIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)1
2CompletedTreatmentIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)1
2RecruitingTreatmentIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Tablet, film coatedOral100 MG
Tablet, film coatedOral75 MG
TabletOral100 mg
TabletOral75 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral100 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral75 mg/1
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US9115091No2015-08-252028-07-07US flag
US9205076No2015-12-082025-03-14US flag
US8691860No2014-04-082028-07-07US flag
US8344011No2013-01-012025-03-14US flag
US8609709No2013-12-172025-03-14US flag
US7741356No2010-06-222028-03-25US flag
US7786158No2010-08-312025-03-14US flag
US9364489No2016-06-142028-07-07US flag
US8772325No2014-07-082025-03-14US flag
US9675587No2017-06-132033-03-14US flag
US9700542No2017-07-112025-03-14US flag
US9789125No2017-10-172028-07-07US flag
US10188632No2019-01-292033-03-14US flag
US10213415No2019-02-262025-03-14US flag
US11007179No2021-05-182033-03-14US flag
US11090291No2021-08-172033-03-14US flag
US11160792No2021-11-022033-03-14US flag
US11229627No2013-03-142033-03-14US flag
US11311516No2013-03-142033-03-14US flag
US11484527No2013-03-142033-03-14US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00268 mg/mLALOGPS
logP1.08ALOGPS
logP1.8Chemaxon
logS-5.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.66Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.99Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area164.63 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count11Chemaxon
Refractivity160.38 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability61.86 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability0Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udr-0520090000-9ddf5262ce8d4156b137
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0uy0-0110590000-9ad04c3638e9b0def425
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00b9-0900130000-205a648f3541fc6f6e41
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0109010000-23fdcb5b701d8c317b74
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0229-0915010000-c58318ee3771c0348598
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-006w-1912210000-84bdf382f4b8222468ff
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-266.7670883
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-230.68307
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+266.0612883
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+232.50795
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+267.0704883
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+238.11378
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Specific Function
Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone...
Gene Name
OPRM1
Uniprot ID
P35372
Uniprot Name
Mu-type opioid receptor
Molecular Weight
44778.855 Da
References
  1. Fujita W, Gomes I, Dove LS, Prohaska D, McIntyre G, Devi LA: Molecular characterization of eluxadoline as a potential ligand targeting mu-delta opioid receptor heteromers. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014 Dec 1;92(3):448-56. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.015. Epub 2014 Sep 28. [Article]
  2. Dove LS, Lembo A, Randall CW, Fogel R, Andrae D, Davenport JM, McIntyre G, Almenoff JS, Covington PS: Eluxadoline benefits patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea in a phase 2 study. Gastroenterology. 2013 Aug;145(2):329-38.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.04.006. Epub 2013 Apr 9. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous enkephalins and for a subset of other opioids. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine n...
Gene Name
OPRD1
Uniprot ID
P41143
Uniprot Name
Delta-type opioid receptor
Molecular Weight
40368.235 Da
References
  1. Fujita W, Gomes I, Dove LS, Prohaska D, McIntyre G, Devi LA: Molecular characterization of eluxadoline as a potential ligand targeting mu-delta opioid receptor heteromers. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014 Dec 1;92(3):448-56. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.015. Epub 2014 Sep 28. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous alpha-neoendorphins and dynorphins, but has low affinity for beta-endorphins. Also functions as receptor for various synt...
Gene Name
OPRK1
Uniprot ID
P41145
Uniprot Name
Kappa-type opioid receptor
Molecular Weight
42644.665 Da

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
Gene Name
SLCO1B1
Uniprot ID
Q9Y6L6
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
Molecular Weight
76447.99 Da
References
  1. Davenport JM, Covington P, Bonifacio L, McIntyre G, Venitz J: Effect of uptake transporters OAT3 and OATP1B1 and efflux transporter MRP2 on the pharmacokinetics of eluxadoline. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 May;55(5):534-42. doi: 10.1002/jcph.442. Epub 2015 Jan 14. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter.
Gene Name
ABCC2
Uniprot ID
Q92887
Uniprot Name
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
Molecular Weight
174205.64 Da
References
  1. Davenport JM, Covington P, Bonifacio L, McIntyre G, Venitz J: Effect of uptake transporters OAT3 and OATP1B1 and efflux transporter MRP2 on the pharmacokinetics of eluxadoline. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 May;55(5):534-42. doi: 10.1002/jcph.442. Epub 2015 Jan 14. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
References
  1. Davenport JM, Covington P, Bonifacio L, McIntyre G, Venitz J: Effect of uptake transporters OAT3 and OATP1B1 and efflux transporter MRP2 on the pharmacokinetics of eluxadoline. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 May;55(5):534-42. doi: 10.1002/jcph.442. Epub 2015 Jan 14. [Article]

Drug created at October 28, 2015 19:50 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48