Tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance.
Article Details
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Chopra I, Roberts M
Tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2001 Jun;65(2):232-60 ; second page, table of contents.
- PubMed ID
- 11381101 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
Tetracyclines were discovered in the 1940s and exhibited activity against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and protozoan parasites. They are inexpensive antibiotics, which have been used extensively in the prophlylaxis and therapy of human and animal infections and also at subtherapeutic levels in animal feed as growth promoters. The first tetracycline-resistant bacterium, Shigella dysenteriae, was isolated in 1953. Tetracycline resistance now occurs in an increasing number of pathogenic, opportunistic, and commensal bacteria. The presence of tetracycline-resistant pathogens limits the use of these agents in treatment of disease. Tetracycline resistance is often due to the acquisition of new genes, which code for energy-dependent efflux of tetracyclines or for a protein that protects bacterial ribosomes from the action of tetracyclines. Many of these genes are associated with mobile plasmids or transposons and can be distinguished from each other using molecular methods including DNA-DNA hybridization with oligonucleotide probes and DNA sequencing. A limited number of bacteria acquire resistance by mutations, which alter the permeability of the outer membrane porins and/or lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane, change the regulation of innate efflux systems, or alter the 16S rRNA. New tetracycline derivatives are being examined, although their role in treatment is not clear. Changing the use of tetracyclines in human and animal health as well as in food production is needed if we are to continue to use this class of broad-spectrum antimicrobials through the present century.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Drugs
- Drug Targets
Drug Target Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Demeclocycline 30S ribosomal protein Group YesInhibitorDetails Lymecycline 30S ribosomal protein S4 Protein Escherichia coli (strain K12) YesInhibitorDetails Meclocycline 30S ribosomal protein S7 Protein Escherichia coli (strain K12) YesAntagonistDetails - Drug Enzymes
Drug Enzyme Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Meclocycline TetX family tetracycline inactivation enzyme Protein Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron NoSubstrateDetails - Drug Transporters
Drug Transporter Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Meclocycline Outer membrane porin C Protein Escherichia coli UnknownSubstrateDetails Meclocycline Outer membrane protein F Protein Escherichia coli (strain K12) NoSubstrateDetails Minocycline Outer membrane porin C Protein Escherichia coli (strain K12) UnknownSubstrateDetails Minocycline Outer membrane protein F Protein Escherichia coli (strain K12) UnknownSubstrateDetails - Drug Interactions
Drugs Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareChlortetracyclineMethoxyflurane The risk or severity of renal failure can be increased when Methoxyflurane is combined with Chlortetracycline. DemeclocyclineMethoxyflurane The risk or severity of renal failure can be increased when Methoxyflurane is combined with Demeclocycline. EravacyclineMethoxyflurane The risk or severity of renal failure can be increased when Methoxyflurane is combined with Eravacycline. LymecyclineMethoxyflurane The risk or severity of renal failure can be increased when Methoxyflurane is combined with Lymecycline. MetacyclineMethoxyflurane The risk or severity of renal failure can be increased when Methoxyflurane is combined with Metacycline.