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Showing drug card for Diethylstilbestrol (DB00255)

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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:07:07
Primary Accession Number DB00255
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00920
  • EXPT01164
Name Diethylstilbestrol
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)
Synonyms
  1. DEB
  2. DES
  3. Diethylstilbesterol
  4. Diethylstilbestrol BP
  5. Diethylstilboesterol
  6. Dietilestilbestrol
  7. Percutatrine oestrogenique iscovesco
  8. Rcra waste number U089
  9. trans-Diethylstilbesterol
  10. trans-Diethylstilbestrol
  11. trans-Diethylstilboesterol
Brand Names
  1. Acnestrol
  2. Agostilben
  3. Antigestil
  4. Bio-des
  5. Bufon
  6. Climaterine
  7. Comestrol
  8. Comestrol estrobene
  9. Cyren
  10. Cyren A
  11. Dawe's destrol
  12. Desma
  13. Destrol
  14. Di-Estryl
  15. DiBestrol 2 Premix
  16. Diastyl
  17. Dibestrol
  18. Dicorvin
  19. Distilbene
  20. Domestrol
  21. Dyestrol
  22. Estilben
  23. Estilbin MCO
  24. Estril
  25. Estrobene
  26. Estrogenine
  27. Estromenin
  28. Estrosyn
  29. Follidiene
  30. Fonatol
  31. Grafestrol
  32. Gynopharm
  33. Hi-Bestrol
  34. Idroestril
  35. Iscovesco
  36. Makarol
  37. Menostilbeen
  38. Micrest
  39. Microest
  40. Milestrol
  41. Neo-Oestranol I
  42. New-Estranol 1
  43. OeKolp
  44. Oestrogenine
  45. Oestrol vetag
  46. Oestromenin
  47. Oestromensil
  48. Oestromensyl
  49. Oestromienin
  50. Oestromon
  51. Pabestrol
  52. Palestrol
  53. Protectona
  54. Rumestrol 1
  55. Rumestrol 2
  56. Sedestran
  57. Serral
  58. Sexocretin
  59. Sibol
  60. Sintestrol
  61. Stibilium
  62. Stil
  63. Stil-Rol
  64. Stilbestroform
  65. Stilbestrol
  66. Stilbestrone
  67. Stilbetin
  68. Stilboefral
  69. Stilboestroform
  70. Stilboestrol
  71. Stilbofolin
  72. Stilbofollin
  73. Stilbol
  74. Stilkap
  75. Stilphostrol
  76. Synestrin
  77. Synthestrin
  78. Synthoestrin
  79. Synthofolin
  80. Syntofolin
  81. Tampovagan stilboestrol
  82. Tylosterone
  83. Vagestrol
  84. neo-Oestranol 1
  85. strobene
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name 4-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hex-3-en-3-yl]phenol
Chemical Formula C18H20O2
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 56-53-1
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C18H20O2/c1-3-17(13-5-9-15(19)10-6-13)18(4-2)14-7-11-16(20)12-8-14/h5-12,19-20H,3-4H2,1-2H3
InChI Key RGLYKWWBQGJZGM-UHFFFAOYAU
KEGG Drug D00577 Link Image
KEGG Compound C07620 Link Image
PubChem Compound 3054 Link Image
PubChem Substance 9822 Link Image
ChEBI ID 4531 Link Image
PharmGKB ID PA449307 Link Image
HET ID DES Link Image
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02100304 Link Image
RxList Link Not Available
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol Link Image
FDA Label Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Dodds EC, Goldberg L, Lawson W, Robinson R (February 5, 1938). "Estrogenic activity of certain synthetic compounds". Nature 141 (3562): 247-8.
Average Molecular Weight 268.3502
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 268.1463
State Solid
Melting Point 170.5 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 0.012 mg/mL at 25 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 1.09e-02 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 5.07 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 4.62 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS -4.35 [ADME Research, USCD]
Predicted LogS -4.39 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID 1TT6 Link Image
Experimental PDB File Show
Experimental PDB Structure
Isomeric SMILES CC\C(C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)=C(\CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1
Canonical SMILES CCC(C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)=C(CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1
Drug Category
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
  • Carcinogens
  • Estrogens, Non-Steroidal
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 68:16.04
Indication Used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Previously used in the prevention of miscarriage or premature delivery in pregnant women prone to miscarriage or premature delivery.
Pharmacology Diethylstilbestrol is a synthetic estrogen that was developed to supplement a woman's natural estrogen production. In 1971, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Drug Bulletin advising physicians to stop prescribing DES to pregnant women because it was linked to a rare vaginal cancer in female offspring.
Mechanism of Action Estrogens diffuse into their target cells and interact with a protein receptor. Target cells include the female reproductive tract, the mammary gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. The combination of an estrogen with a progestin suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary system, decreasing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
Absorption Not Available
Toxicity Symptoms of overdose include nausea and vomiting, and withdrawal bleeding may occur in females.
Protein Binding Not Available
Biotransformation Hepatic.
Half Life Not Available
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Not Available
Contraindications Not Available
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Amobarbital The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Aprobarbital The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Butabarbital The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Butalbital The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Butethal The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Ethotoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Fosphenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Griseofulvin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Heptabarbital The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Hexobarbital The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Mephenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Methohexital The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Methylphenobarbital The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Pentobarbital The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Phenobarbital The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Phenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Prednisolone The estrogenic agent increases the effect of corticosteroid
Prednisone The estrogenic agent increases the effect of corticosteroid
Primidone The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Raloxifene Association not recommended
Secobarbital The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Talbutal The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of hormones
Ursodeoxycholic acid Estrogens decreases the effect of ursodiol
Food Interactions Not Available
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. DIECKMANN WJ, DAVIS ME, RYNKIEWICZ LM, POTTINGER RE: Does the administration of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy have therapeutic value? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1953 Nov;66(5):1062-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kuchera LK: Postcoital contraception with diethylstilbestrol. JAMA. 1971 Oct 25;218(4):562-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Herbst AL, Ulfelder H, Poskanzer DC: Adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Association of maternal stilbestrol therapy with tumor appearance in young women. N Engl J Med. 1971 Apr 15;284(15):878-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. : Leuprolide versus diethylstilbestrol for metastatic prostate cancer. The Leuprolide Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1984 Nov 15;311(20):1281-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Ingle JN, Ahmann DL, Green SJ, Edmonson JH, Bisel HF, Kvols LK, Nichols WC, Creagan ET, Hahn RG, Rubin J, Frytak S: Randomized clinical trial of diethylstilbestrol versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1981 Jan 1;304(1):16-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Wikipedia Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)
  2. Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)
  3. Cytochrome P450 19 (Aromatase)
Targets
  1. Estrogen receptor
  2. Transthyretin
  3. Estrogen-related receptor gamma
  4. Estrogen-related receptor gamma
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP2A6
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P11509 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P11509|CP2A6_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2A6 (EC 1.14.14.1)
MLASGMLLVALLVCLTVMVLMSVWQQRKSKGKLPPGPTPLPFIGNYLQLNTEQMYNSLMK
ISERYGPVFTIHLGPRRVVVLCGHDAVREALVDQAEEFSGRGEQATFDWVFKGYGVVFSN
GERAKQLRRFSIATLRDFGVGKRGIEERIQEEAGFLIDAHRGTGGANIDPTFFLSRTVSN
VISSIVFGDRFDYKDKEFLSLLRMMLGIFQFTSTSTGQLYEMFSSVMKHLPGPQQQAFQL
LQGLEDFIAKKVEHNQRTLDPNSPRDFIDSFLIRMQEEEKNPNTEFYLKNLVMTTLNLFI
GGTETVSTTLRYGFLLLMKHPEVEAKVHEEIDRVIGKNRQPKFEDRAKMPYMEAVIHEIQ
RFGDVIPMSLARRVKKDTKFRDFFLPKGTEVYPMLGSVLRDPSFFSNPQDFNPQHFLNEK
GQFKKSDAFVPFSIGKRNCFGEGLARMELFLFFTTVMQNFRLKSSQSPKDIDVSPKHVGF
ATIPRNYTMSFLPR
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 Name Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)
Enzyme 2 Gene Name COMT
Enzyme 2 SwissProt ID P21964 Link Image
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >COMT ( catecol-O-methyl-transferase)
MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLLMGDTKEQRIL
NHVLQHAEPGNAQSVLEAIDTYCEQKEWAMNVGDKKGKIVDAVIQEHQPSVLLELGAYCG
YSAVRMARLLSPGARLITIEINPDCAAITQRMVDFAGVKDKVTLVVGASQDIIPQLKKKY
DVDTLDMVFLDHWKDRYLPDTLLLEECGLLRKGTVLLADNVICPGAPDFLAHVRGSSCFE
CTHYQSFLEYREVVDGLEKAIYKGPGSEAGP
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 Name Cytochrome P450 19 (Aromatase)
Enzyme 3 Gene Name CYP19A1
Enzyme 3 SwissProt ID P11511 Link Image
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450 19 (Aromatase)
VLEMLNPIHYNITSIVPEAMPAATMPVLLLTGLFLLVWNYEGTSSIPGPGYCMGIGPLIS
HGRFLWMGIGSACNYYNRVYGEFMRVWISGEETLIISKSSSMFHIMKHNHYSSRFGSKLG
LQCIGMHEKGIIFNNNPELWKTTRPFFMKALSGPGLVRMVTVCAESLKTHLDRLEEVTNE
SGYVDVLTLLRRVMLDTSNTLFLRIPLDESAIVVKIQGYFDAWQALLIKPDIFFKISWLY
KKYEKSVKDLKDAIEVLIAEKRRRISTEEKLEECMDFATELILAEKRGDLTRENVNQCIL
EMLIAAPDTMSVSLFFMLFLIAKHPNVEEAIIKEIQTVIGERDIKIDDIQKLKVMENFIY
ESMRYQPVVDLVMRKALEDDVIDGYPVKKGTNIILNIGRMHRLEFFPKPNEFTLENFAKN
VPYRYFQPFGFGPRGCAGKYIAMVMMKAILVTLLRRFHVKTLQGQCVESIQKIHDLSLHP
DETKNMLEMIFTPRNSDRCLEH
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 136
Target 1 Name Estrogen receptor
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. ER
  2. ER-alpha
  3. Estradiol receptor
Target 1 Gene Name ESR1
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Estrogen receptor
MTMTLHTKASGMALLHQIQGNELEPLNRPQLKIPLERPLGEVYLDSSKPAVYNYPEGAAY
EFNAAAAANAQVYGQTGLPYGPGSEAAAFGSNGLGGFPPLNSVSPSPLMLLHPPPQLSPF
LQPHGQQVPYYLENEPSGYTVREAGPPAFYRPNSDNRRQGGRERLASTNDKGSMAMESAK
ETRYCAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYMCPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQAC
RLRKCYEVGMMKGGIRKDRRGGRMLKHKRQRDDGEGRGEVGSAGDMRAANLWPSPLMIKR
SKKNSLALSLTADQMVSALLDAEPPILYSEYDPTRPFSEASMMGLLTNLADRELVHMINW
AKRVPGFVDLTLHDQVHLLECAWLEILMIGLVWRSMEHPGKLLFAPNLLLDRNQGKCVEG
MVEIFDMLLATSSRFRMMNLQGEEFVCLKSIILLNSGVYTFLSSTLKSLEEKDHIHRVLD
KITDTLIHLMAKAGLTLQQQHQRLAQLLLILSHIRHMSNKGMEHLYSMKCKNVVPLYDLL
LEMLDAHRLHAPTSRGGASVEETDQSHLATAGSTSSHSLQKYYITGEAEGFPATV
Target 1 Number of Residues 604
Target 1 Molecular Weight 66217
Target 1 Theoretical pI 8.14
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
ion binding
cation binding
transition metal ion binding
zinc ion binding
steroid binding
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
steroid hormone receptor activity
binding
nucleic acid binding
DNA binding
transcription factor activity
Process
regulation of biological process
regulation of physiological process
regulation of metabolism
regulation of cellular metabolism
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
regulation of transcription
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
organelle
membrane-bound organelle
intracellular membrane-bound organelle
nucleus
Target 1 General Function Involved in transcription factor activity
Target 1 Specific Function Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 31234 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P03372 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ESR1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID 1R5K Link Image
Target 1 PDB File Show
Target 1 3D Structure
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Nucleus
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1788 bp
ATGACCATGACCCTCCACACCAAAGCATCTGGGATGGCCCTACTGCATCAGATCCAAGGG
AACGAGCTGGAGCCCCTGAACCGTCCGCAGCTCAAGATCCCCCTGGAGCGGCCCCTGGGC
GAGGTGTACCTGGACAGCAGCAAGCCCGCCGTGTACAACTACCCCGAGGGCGCCGCCTAC
GAGTTCAACGCCGCGGCCGCCGCCAACGCGCAGGTCTACGGTCAGACCGGCCTCCCCTAC
GGCCCCGGGTCTGAGGCTGCGGCGTTCGGCTCCAACGGCCTGGGGGGTTTCCCCCCACTC
AACAGCGTGTCTCCGAGCCCGCTGATGCTACTGCACCCGCCGCCGCAGCTGTCGCCTTTC
CTGCAGCCCCACGGCCAGCAGGTGCCCTACTACCTGGAGAACGAGCCCAGCGGCTACACG
GTGCGCGAGGCCGGCCCGCCGGCATTCTACAGGCCAAATTCAGATAATCGACGCCAGGGT
GGCAGAGAAAGATTGGCCAGTACCAATGACAAGGGAAGTATGGCTATGGAATCTGCCAAG
GAGACTCGCTACTGTGCAGTGTGCAATGACTATGCTTCAGGCTACCATTATGGAGTCTGG
TCCTGTGAGGGCTGCAAGGCCTTCTTCAAGAGAAGTATTCAAGGACATAACGACTATATG
TGTCCAGCCACCAACCAGTGCACCATTGATAAAAACAGGAGGAAGAGCTGCCAGGCCTGC
CGGCTCCGCAAATGCTACGAAGTGGGAATGATGAAAGGTGGGATACGAAAAGACCGAAGA
GGAGGGAGAATGTTGAAACACAAGCGCCAGAGAGATGATGGGGAGGGCAGGGGTGAAGTG
GGGTCTGCTGGAGACATGAGAGCTGCCAACCTTTGGCCAAGCCCGCTCATGATCAAACGC
TCTAAGAAGAACAGCCTGGCCTTGTCCCTGACGGCCGACCAGATGGTCAGTGCCTTGTTG
GATGCTGAGCCCCCCATACTCTATTCCGAGTATGATCCTACCAGACCCTTCAGTGAAGCT
TCGATGATGGGCTTACTGACCAACCTGGCAGACAGGGAGCTGGTTCACATGATCAACTGG
GCGAAGAGGGTGCCAGGCTTTGTGGATTTGACCCTCCATGATCAGGTCCACCTTCTAGAA
TGTGCCTGGCTAGAGATCCTGATGATTGGTCTCGTCTGGCGCTCCATGGAGCACCCAGTG
AAGCTACTGTTTGCTCCTAACTTGCTCTTGGACAGGAACCAGGGAAAATGTGTAGAGGGC
ATGGTGGAGATCTTCGACATGCTGCTGGCTACATCATCTCGGTTCCGCATGATGAATCTG
CAGGGAGAGGAGTTTGTGTGCCTCAAATCTATTATTTTGCTTAATTCTGGAGTGTACACA
TTTCTGTCCAGCACCCTGAAGTCTCTGGAAGAGAAGGACCATATCCACCGAGTCCTGGAC
AAGATCACAGACACTTTGATCCACCTGATGGCCAAGGCAGGCCTGACCCTGCAGCAGCAG
CACCAGCGGCTGGCCCAGCTCCTCCTCATCCTCTCCCACATCAGGCACATGAGTAACAAA
GGCATGGAGCATCTGTACAGCATGAAGTGCAAGAACGTGGTGCCCCTCTATGACCTGCTG
CTGGAGATGCTGGACGCCCACCGCCTACATGCGCCCACTAGCCGTGGAGGGGCATCCGTG
GAGGAGACGGACCAAAGCCACTTGGCCACTGCGGGCTCTACTTCATCGCATTCCTTGCAA
AAGTATTACATCACGGGGGAGGCAGAGGGTTTCCCTGCCACAGTCTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID ESR1 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID ESR1 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:3467 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 6
Target 1 Locus 6q25.1
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Montano MM, Ekena K, Delage-Mourroux R, Chang W, Martini P, Katzenellenbogen BS: An estrogen receptor-selective coregulator that potentiates the effectiveness of antiestrogens and represses the activity of estrogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jun 8;96(12):6947-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Rogatsky I, Trowbridge JM, Garabedian MJ: Potentiation of human estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional activation through phosphorylation of serines 104 and 106 by the cyclin A-CDK2 complex. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 6;274(32):22296-302. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Lee SK, Anzick SL, Choi JE, Bubendorf L, Guan XY, Jung YK, Kallioniemi OP, Kononen J, Trent JM, Azorsa D, Jhun BH, Cheong JH, Lee YC, Meltzer PS, Lee JW: A nuclear factor, ASC-2, as a cancer-amplified transcriptional coactivator essential for ligand-dependent transactivation by nuclear receptors in vivo. J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 26;274(48):34283-93. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Schubert EL, Lee MK, Newman B, King MC: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the estrogen receptor gene and breast cancer susceptibility. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1999 Nov;71(1-2):21-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Sauve F, McBroom LD, Gallant J, Moraitis AN, Labrie F, Giguere V: CIA, a novel estrogen receptor coactivator with a bifunctional nuclear receptor interacting determinant. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Jan;21(1):343-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Shao W, Halachmi S, Brown M: ERAP140, a conserved tissue-specific nuclear receptor coactivator. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 May;22(10):3358-72. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Wong CW, McNally C, Nickbarg E, Komm BS, Cheskis BJ: Estrogen receptor-interacting protein that modulates its nongenomic activity-crosstalk with Src/Erk phosphorylation cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 12;99(23):14783-8. Epub 2002 Nov 1. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Reese JC, Katzenellenbogen BS: Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the hormone binding domain of the human estrogen receptor. Studies in cell extracts and intact cells and their implications for hormone-dependent transcriptional activation. J Biol Chem. 1992 May 15;267(14):9868-73. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Schwabe JW, Neuhaus D, Rhodes D: Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of the oestrogen receptor. Nature. 1990 Nov 29;348(6300):458-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 2792078 Tora L, Mullick A, Metzger D, Ponglikitmongkol M, Park I, Chambon P: The cloned human oestrogen receptor contains a mutation which alters its hormone binding properties. EMBO J. 1989 Jul;8(7):1981-6.
  12. 3753802 Greene GL, Gilna P, Waterfield M, Baker A, Hort Y, Shine J: Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA. Science. 1986 Mar 7;231(4742):1150-4.
  13. 3754034 Green S, Walter P, Kumar V, Krust A, Bornert JM, Argos P, Chambon P: Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v-erb-A. Nature. 1986 Mar 13-19;320(6058):134-9.
  14. 7476978 Joel PB, Traish AM, Lannigan DA: Estradiol and phorbol ester cause phosphorylation of serine 118 in the human estrogen receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 1995 Aug;9(8):1041-52.
  15. 7539106 Arnold SF, Obourn JD, Jaffe H, Notides AC: Phosphorylation of the human estrogen receptor on tyrosine 537 in vivo and by src family tyrosine kinases in vitro. Mol Endocrinol. 1995 Jan;9(1):24-33.
  16. 7838153 Arnold SF, Obourn JD, Jaffe H, Notides AC: Serine 167 is the major estradiol-induced phosphorylation site on the human estrogen receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 1994 Sep;8(9):1208-14.
  17. 7916651 Pfeffer U, Fecarotta E, Castagnetta L, Vidali G: Estrogen receptor variant messenger RNA lacking exon 4 in estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 1993 Feb 15;53(4):741-3.
  18. 8221895 Schwabe JW, Chapman L, Finch JT, Rhodes D: The crystal structure of the estrogen receptor DNA-binding domain bound to DNA: how receptors discriminate between their response elements. Cell. 1993 Nov 5;75(3):567-78.
  19. 8600466 Pink JJ, Wu SQ, Wolf DM, Bilimoria MM, Jordan VC: A novel 80 kDa human estrogen receptor containing a duplication of exons 6 and 7. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 Mar 1;24(5):962-9.
  20. 8961262 McInerney EM, Ince BA, Shapiro DJ, Katzenellenbogen BS: A transcriptionally active estrogen receptor mutant is a novel type of dominant negative inhibitor of estrogen action. Mol Endocrinol. 1996 Dec;10(12):1519-26.
  21. 9195227 Anderson TI, Wooster R, Laake K, Collins N, Warren W, Skrede M, Elles R, Tveit KM, Johnston SR, Dowsett M, Olsen AO, Moller P, Stratton MR, Borresen-Dale AL: Screening for ESR mutations in breast and ovarian cancer patients. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(6):531-6.
  22. 9338790 Brzozowski AM, Pike AC, Dauter Z, Hubbard RE, Bonn T, Engstrom O, Ohman L, Greene GL, Gustafsson JA, Carlquist M: Molecular basis of agonism and antagonism in the oestrogen receptor. Nature. 1997 Oct 16;389(6652):753-8.
  23. 9600906 Tanenbaum DM, Wang Y, Williams SP, Sigler PB: Crystallographic comparison of the estrogen and progesterone receptor's ligand binding domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 26;95(11):5998-6003.
  24. 9619507 Maalouf GJ, Xu W, Smith TF, Mohr SC: Homology model for the ligand-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 1998 Apr;15(5):841-51.
  25. 9875847 Shiau AK, Barstad D, Loria PM, Cheng L, Kushner PJ, Agard DA, Greene GL: The structural basis of estrogen receptor/coactivator recognition and the antagonism of this interaction by tamoxifen. Cell. 1998 Dec 23;95(7):927-37.
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Munoz G, Ovilo C, Estelle J, Silio L, Fernandez A, Rodriguez C: Association with litter size of new polymorphisms on ESR1 and ESR2 genes in a Chinese-European pig line. Genet Sel Evol. 2007 Mar-Apr;39(2):195-206. Epub 2007 Feb 17. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Dixon A, Wells CC, Singh S, Babayan R, Maric C: Renoprotective effects of a selective estrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene, in an animal model of diabetic nephropathy. Am J Nephrol. 2007;27(2):120-8. Epub 2007 Feb 15. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Hart SA, Snyder MA, Smejkalova T, Woolley CS: Estrogen mobilizes a subset of estrogen receptor-alpha-immunoreactive vesicles in inhibitory presynaptic boutons in hippocampal CA1. J Neurosci. 2007 Feb 21;27(8):2102-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Baron S, Escande A, Alberola G, Bystricky K, Balaguer P, Richard-Foy H: Estrogen receptor alpha and the activating protein-1 complex cooperate during insulin-like growth factor-I-induced transcriptional activation of the pS2/TFF1 gene. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 20;282(16):11732-41. Epub 2007 Feb 22. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Bains M, Cousins JC, Roberts JL: Neuroprotection by estrogen against MPP+-induced dopamine neuron death is mediated by ERalpha in primary cultures of mouse mesencephalon. Exp Neurol. 2007 Apr;204(2):767-76. Epub 2007 Jan 25. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 373
Target 2 Name Transthyretin
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. ATTR
  2. Prealbumin
  3. TBPA
  4. TTR
  5. Transthyretin precursor
Target 2 Gene Name TTR
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Transthyretin precursor
MASHRLLLLCLAGLVFVSEAGPTGTGESKCPLMVKVLDAVRGSPAINVAVHVFRKAADDT
WEPFASGKTSESGELHGLTTEEEFVEGIYKVEIDTKSYWKALGISPFHEHAEVVFTANDS
GPRRYTIAALLSPYSYSTTAVVTNPKE
Target 2 Number of Residues 149
Target 2 Molecular Weight 15887
Target 2 Theoretical pI 5.58
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
binding
steroid binding
transporter activity
carrier activity
Process
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
Component
Not Available
Target 2 General Function Involved in steroid binding
Target 2 Specific Function Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • 1-20
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 189582 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P02766 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name TTHY_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID 1KED Link Image
Target 2 PDB File Show
Target 2 3D Structure
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Secreted protein
Target 2 Gene Sequence >444 bp
ATGGCTTCTCATCGTCTGCTCCTCCTCTGCCTTGCTGGACTGGTATTTGTGTCTGAGGCT
GGCCCTACGGGCACCGGTGAATCCAAGTGTCCTCTGATGGTCAAAGTTCTAGATGCTGTC
CGAGGCAGTCCTGCCATCAATGTGGCCGTGCATGTGTTCAGAAAGGCTGCTGATGACACC
TGGGAGCCATTTGCCTCTGGGAAAACCAGTGAGTCTGGAGAGCTGCATGGGCTCACAACT
GAGGAGGAATTTGTAGAAGGGATATACAAAGTGGAAATAGACACCAAATCTTACTGGAAG
GCACTTGGCATCTCCCCATTCCATGAGCATGCAGAGGTGGTATTCACAGCCAACGACTCC
GGCCCCCGCCGCTACACCATTGCCGCCCTGCTGAGCCCCTACTCCTATTCCACCACGGCT
GTCGTCACCAATCCCAAGGAATGA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID TTR Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID TTR Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:12405 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 18
Target 2 Locus 18q12.1
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Naylor HM, Newcomer ME: The structure of human retinol-binding protein (RBP) with its carrier protein transthyretin reveals an interaction with the carboxy terminus of RBP. Biochemistry. 1999 Mar 2;38(9):2647-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Klabunde T, Petrassi HM, Oza VB, Raman P, Kelly JW, Sacchettini JC: Rational design of potent human transthyretin amyloid disease inhibitors. Nat Struct Biol. 2000 Apr;7(4):312-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Nakamura M, Hamidi Asl K, Benson MD: A novel variant of transthyretin (Glu89Lys) associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Amyloid. 2000 Mar;7(1):46-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. de Carvalho M, Moreira P, Evangelista T, Ducla-Soares JL, Bento M, Fernandes R, Saraiva MJ: New transthyretin mutation V28M in a Portuguese kindred with amyloid polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 2000 Jul;23(7):1016-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Blevins G, Macaulay R, Harder S, Fladeland D, Yamashita T, Yazaki M, Hamidi Asl K, Benson MD, Donat JR: Oculoleptomeningeal amyloidosis in a large kindred with a new transthyretin variant Tyr69His. Neurology. 2003 May 27;60(10):1625-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Almeida MR, Ferlini A, Forabosco A, Gawinowicz M, Costa PP, Salvi F, Plasmati R, Tassinari CA, Altland K, Saraiva MJ: Two transthyretin variants (TTR Ala-49 and TTR Gln-89) in two Sicilian kindreds with hereditary amyloidosis. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(3):211-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Jacobson DR, McFarlin DE, Kane I, Buxbaum JN: Transthyretin Pro55, a variant associated with early-onset, aggressive, diffuse amyloidosis with cardiac and neurologic involvement. Hum Genet. 1992 May;89(3):353-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Uemichi T, Murrell JR, Zeldenrust S, Benson MD: A new mutant transthyretin (Arg 10) associated with familial amyloid polyneuropathy. J Med Genet. 1992 Dec;29(12):888-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Izumoto S, Younger D, Hays AP, Martone RL, Smith RT, Herbert J: Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy presenting with carpal tunnel syndrome and a new transthyretin mutation, asparagine 70. Neurology. 1992 Nov;42(11):2094-102. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 1517749 Kametani F, Ikeda S, Yanagisawa N, Ishi T, Hanyu N: Characterization of a transthyretin-related amyloid fibril protein from cerebral amyloid angiopathy in type I familial amyloid polyneuropathy. J Neurol Sci. 1992 Apr;108(2):178-83.
  12. 1520326 Murakami T, Atsumi T, Maeda S, Tanase S, Ishikawa K, Mita S, Kumamoto T, Araki S, Ando M: A novel transthyretin mutation at position 30 (Leu for Val) associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Aug 31;187(1):397-403.
  13. 1520336 Nishi H, Kimura A, Harada H, Hayashi Y, Nakamura M, Sasazuki T: Novel variant transthyretin gene (Ser50 to Ile) in familial cardiac amyloidosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Aug 31;187(1):460-6.
  14. 1544214 Jones LA, Skare JC, Cohen AS, Harding JA, Milunsky A, Skinner M: Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: a new transthyretin position 30 mutation (alanine for valine) in a family of German descent. Clin Genet. 1992 Feb;41(2):70-3.
  15. 1570831 Saraiva MJ, Almeida Mdo R, Sherman W, Gawinowicz M, Costa P, Costa PP, Goodman DS: A new transthyretin mutation associated with amyloid cardiomyopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 1992 May;50(5):1027-30.
  16. 1656975 Saeki Y, Ueno S, Yorifuji S, Sugiyama Y, Ide Y, Matsuzawa Y: New mutant gene (transthyretin Arg 58) in cases with hereditary polyneuropathy detected by non-isotope method of single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Oct 15;180(1):380-5.
  17. 1666289 Gu JR, Jiang HQ, He LP, Li DZ, Zhou XM, Dai WL, Qian LF, Chen YQ, Schweinfest C, Papas T: Transthyretin (prealbumin) gene in human primary hepatic cancer. Sci China B. 1991 Nov;34(11):1312-8.
  18. 1734866 Murakami T, Maeda S, Yi S, Ikegawa S, Kawashima E, Onodera S, Shimada K, Araki S: A novel transthyretin mutation associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Jan 31;182(2):520-6.
  19. 1877623 Harrison HH, Gordon ED, Nichols WC, Benson MD: Biochemical and clinical characterization of prealbuminCHICAGO: an apparently benign variant of serum prealbumin (transthyretin) discovered with high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. Am J Med Genet. 1991 Jun 15;39(4):442-52.
  20. 1932142 Harding J, Skare J, Skinner M: A second transthyretin mutation at position 33 (Leu/Phe) associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Oct 21;1097(3):183-6.
  21. 1979335 Moses AC, Rosen HN, Moller DE, Tsuzaki S, Haddow JE, Lawlor J, Liepnieks JJ, Nichols WC, Benson MD: A point mutation in transthyretin increases affinity for thyroxine and produces euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia. J Clin Invest. 1990 Dec;86(6):2025-33.
  22. 1997217 Skare JC, Milunsky JM, Milunsky A, Skare IB, Cohen AS, Skinner M: A new transthyretin variant from a patient with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy has asparagine substituted for histidine at position 90. Clin Genet. 1991 Jan;39(1):6-12.
  23. 2015890 Christmanson L, Betsholtz C, Gustavsson A, Johansson B, Sletten K, Westermark P: The transthyretin cDNA sequence is normal in transthyretin-derived senile systemic amyloidosis. FEBS Lett. 1991 Apr 9;281(1-2):177-80.
  24. 201845 Blake CC, Oatley SJ: Protein-DNA and protein-hormone interactions in prealbumin: a model of the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor? Nature. 1977 Jul 14;268(5616):115-20.
  25. 2046936 Ii S, Minnerath S, Ii K, Dyck PJ, Sommer SS: Two-tiered DNA-based diagnosis of transthyretin amyloidosis reveals two novel point mutations. Neurology. 1991 Jun;41(6):893-8.
  26. 2161654 Ueno S, Uemichi T, Yorifuji S, Tarui S: A novel variant of transthyretin (Tyr114 to Cys) deduced from the nucleotide sequences of gene fragments from familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy in Japanese sibling cases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 May 31;169(1):143-7.
  27. 2363717 Ueno S, Uemichi T, Takahashi N, Soga F, Yorifuji S, Tarui S: Two novel variants of transthyretin identified in Japanese cases with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: transthyretin (Glu42 to Gly) and transthyretin (Ser50 to Arg). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Jun 29;169(3):1117-21.
  28. 2891727 Wallace MR, Dwulet FE, Williams EC, Conneally PM, Benson MD: Identification of a new hereditary amyloidosis prealbumin variant, Tyr-77, and detection of the gene by DNA analysis. J Clin Invest. 1988 Jan;81(1):189-93.
  29. 2990465 Wallace MR, Naylor SL, Kluve-Beckerman B, Long GL, McDonald L, Shows TB, Benson MD: Localization of the human prealbumin gene to chromosome 18. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Jun 28;129(3):753-8.
  30. 2995367 Tsuzuki T, Mita S, Maeda S, Araki S, Shimada K: Structure of the human prealbumin gene. J Biol Chem. 1985 Oct 5;260(22):12224-7.
  31. 3022108 Maeda S, Mita S, Araki S, Shimada K: Structure and expression of the mutant prealbumin gene associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Mol Biol Med. 1986 Aug;3(4):329-38.
  32. 3135807 Cornwell GG 3rd, Sletten K, Johansson B, Westermark P: Evidence that the amyloid fibril protein in senile systemic amyloidosis is derived from normal prealbumin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Jul 29;154(2):648-53.
  33. 3675594 Strahler JR, Rosenblum BB, Hanash SM: Identification and characterization of a human transthyretin variant. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Oct 14;148(1):471-7.
  34. 3722385 Wallace MR, Dwulet FE, Conneally PM, Benson MD: Biochemical and molecular genetic characterization of a new variant prealbumin associated with hereditary amyloidosis. J Clin Invest. 1986 Jul;78(1):6-12.
  35. 3818577 Mita S, Maeda S, Shimada K, Araki S: Analyses of prealbumin mRNAs in individuals with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1986 Nov;100(5):1215-22.
  36. 4044580 Soprano DR, Herbert J, Soprano KJ, Schon EA, Goodman DS: Demonstration of transthyretin mRNA in the brain and other extrahepatic tissues in the rat. J Biol Chem. 1985 Sep 25;260(21):11793-8.
  37. 4054629 Sasaki H, Yoshioka N, Takagi Y, Sakaki Y: Structure of the chromosomal gene for human serum prealbumin. Gene. 1985;37(1-3):191-7.
  38. 4216640 Blake CC, Geisow MJ, Swan ID, Rerat C, Rerat B: Strjcture of human plasma prealbumin at 2-5 A resolution. A preliminary report on the polypeptide chain conformation, quaternary structure and thyroxine binding. J Mol Biol. 1974 Sep 5;88(1):1-12.
  39. 4607556 Kanda Y, Goodman DS, Canfield RE, Morgan FJ: The amino acid sequence of human plasma prealbumin. J Biol Chem. 1974 Nov 10;249(21):6796-805.
  40. 6093805 Mita S, Maeda S, Shimada K, Araki S: Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for human prealbumin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Oct 30;124(2):558-64.
  41. 6300852 Pras M, Prelli F, Franklin EC, Frangione B: Primary structure of an amyloid prealbumin variant in familial polyneuropathy of Jewish origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(2):539-42.
  42. 6487335 Nakazato M, Kangawa K, Minamino N, Tawara S, Matsuo H, Araki S: Revised analysis of amino acid replacement in a prealbumin variant (SKO-III) associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy of Jewish origin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Sep 28;123(3):921-8.
  43. 6583672 Dwulet FE, Benson MD: Primary structure of an amyloid prealbumin and its plasma precursor in a heredofamilial polyneuropathy of Swedish origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Feb;81(3):694-8.
  44. 6651852 Tawara S, Nakazato M, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Araki S: Identification of amyloid prealbumin variant in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (Japanese type). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Nov 15;116(3):880-8.
  45. 671542 Blake CC, Geisow MJ, Oatley SJ, Rerat B, Rerat C: Structure of prealbumin: secondary, tertiary and quaternary interactions determined by Fourier refinement at 1.8 A. J Mol Biol. 1978 May 25;121(3):339-56.
  46. 7474944 Gustavsson A, Jahr H, Tobiassen R, Jacobson DR, Sletten K, Westermark P: Amyloid fibril composition and transthyretin gene structure in senile systemic amyloidosis. Lab Invest. 1995 Nov;73(5):703-8.
  47. 7599630 Saraiva MJ: Transthyretin mutations in health and disease. Hum Mutat. 1995;5(3):191-6.
  48. 7754382 Monaco HL, Rizzi M, Coda A: Structure of a complex of two plasma proteins: transthyretin and retinol-binding protein. Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):1039-41.
  49. 7850982 Booth DR, Tan SY, Hawkins PN, Pepys MB, Frustaci A: A novel variant of transthyretin, 59Thr-->Lys, associated with autosomal dominant cardiac amyloidosis in an Italian family. Circulation. 1995 Feb 15;91(4):962-7.
  50. 7910950 Yamamoto K, Hsu SP, Yoshida K, Ikeda S, Nakazato M, Shiomi K, Cheng SY, Furihata K, Ueno I, Yanagisawa N: Familial amyloid polyneuropathy in Taiwan: identification of transthyretin variant (Leu55-->Pro). Muscle Nerve. 1994 Jun;17(6):637-41.
  51. 7914929 Uemichi T, Gertz MA, Benson MD: Amyloid polyneuropathy in two German-American families: a new transthyretin variant (Val 107). J Med Genet. 1994 May;31(5):416-7.
  52. 7923855 Skare J, Jones LA, Myles N, Kane K, Milunsky A, Cohen A, Skinner M: Two transthyretin mutations (glu42gly, his90asn) in an Italian family with amyloidosis. Clin Genet. 1994 Jun;45(6):281-4.
  53. 8019560 Jacobson DR, Buxbaum JN: A double-variant transthyretin allele (Ser 6, Ile 33) in the Israeli patient "SKO" with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Hum Mutat. 1994;3(3):254-60.
  54. 8038017 Hesse A, Altland K, Linke RP, Almeida MR, Saraiva MJ, Steinmetz A, Maisch B: Cardiac amyloidosis: a review and report of a new transthyretin (prealbumin) variant. Br Heart J. 1993 Aug;70(2):111-5.
  55. 8081397 Jacobson DR, Gertz MA, Buxbaum JN: Transthyretin VAL107, a new variant associated with familial cardiac and neuropathic amyloidosis. Hum Mutat. 1994;3(4):399-401.
  56. 8089102 Berni R, Malpeli G, Folli C, Murrell JR, Liepnieks JJ, Benson MD: The Ile-84-->Ser amino acid substitution in transthyretin interferes with the interaction with plasma retinol-binding protein. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 23;269(38):23395-8.
  57. 8095302 Benson MD 2nd, Turpin JC, Lucotte G, Zeldenrust S, LeChevalier B, Benson MD: A transthyretin variant (alanine 71) associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy in a French family. J Med Genet. 1993 Feb;30(2):120-2.
  58. 8133316 Yasuda T, Sobue G, Doyu M, Nakazato M, Shiomi K, Yanagi T, Mitsuma T: Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy with late-onset and well-preserved autonomic function: a Japanese kindred with novel mutant transthyretin (Ala97 to Gly). J Neurol Sci. 1994 Jan;121(1):97-102.
  59. 8257997 Almeida Mdo R, Lopez-Andreu F, Munar-Ques M, Costa PP, Saraiva MJ: Transthyretin ALA 71: a new transthyretin variant in a Spanish family with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Hum Mutat. 1993;2(5):420-1.
  60. 8309582 Murakami T, Tachibana S, Endo Y, Kawai R, Hara M, Tanase S, Ando M: Familial carpal tunnel syndrome due to amyloidogenic transthyretin His 114 variant. Neurology. 1994 Feb;44(2):315-8.
  61. 8352764 Shiomi K, Nakazato M, Matsukura S, Ohnishi A, Hatanaka H, Tsuji S, Murai Y, Kojima M, Kangawa K, Matsuo H: A basic transthyretin variant (Glu61-->Lys) causes familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: protein and DNA sequencing and PCR-induced mutation restriction analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Aug 16;194(3):1090-6.
  62. 8382610 Terry CJ, Damas AM, Oliveira P, Saraiva MJ, Alves IL, Costa PP, Matias PM, Sakaki Y, Blake CC: Structure of Met30 variant of transthyretin and its amyloidogenic implications. EMBO J. 1993 Feb;12(2):735-41.
  63. 8428915 Hamilton JA, Steinrauf LK, Braden BC, Liepnieks J, Benson MD, Holmgren G, Sandgren O, Steen L: The x-ray crystal structure refinements of normal human transthyretin and the amyloidogenic Val-30-->Met variant to 1.7-A resolution. J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 5;268(4):2416-24.
  64. 8579098 Vidal R, Garzuly F, Budka H, Lalowski M, Linke RP, Brittig F, Frangione B, Wisniewski T: Meningocerebrovascular amyloidosis associated with a novel transthyretin mis-sense mutation at codon 18 (TTRD 18G) Am J Pathol. 1996 Feb;148(2):361-6.
  65. 8990019 Jacobson DR, Pan T, Kyle RA, Buxbaum JN: Transthyretin ILE20, a new variant associated with late-onset cardiac amyloidosis. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(1):83-5.
  66. 9789022 Peterson SA, Klabunde T, Lashuel HA, Purkey H, Sacchettini JC, Kelly JW: Inhibiting transthyretin conformational changes that lead to amyloid fibril formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Oct 27;95(22):12956-60.
  67. 9818054 Schormann N, Murrell JR, Benson MD: Tertiary structures of amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic transthyretin variants: new model for amyloid fibril formation. Amyloid. 1998 Sep;5(3):175-87.
Target 2 Drug References Not Available
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 2445
Target 3 Name Estrogen-related receptor gamma
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. Estrogen receptor-related protein 3
Target 3 Gene Name Esrrg
Target 3 Protein Sequence >Estrogen-related receptor gamma
MDSVELCLPESFSLHYEEELLCRMSNKDRHIDSSCSSFIKTEPSSPASLTDSVNHHSPGG
SSDASGSYSSTMNGHQNGLDSPPLYPSAPILGGSGPVRKLYDDCSSTIVEDPQTKCEYML
NSMPKRLCLVCGDIASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGNIEYSCPATNECEITKRRRKSC
QACRFMKCLKVGMLKEGVRLDRVRGGRQKYKRRIDAENSPYLNPQLVQPAKKPYNKIVSH
LLVAEPEKIYAMPDPTVPDSDIKALTTLCDLADRELVVIIGWAKHIPGFSTLSLADQMSL
LQSAWMEILILGVVYRSLSFEDELVYADDYIMDEDQSKLAGLLDLNNAILQLVKKYKSMK
LEKEEFVTLKAIALANSDSMHIEDVEAVQKLQDVLHEALQDYEAGQHMEDPRRAGKMLMT
LPLLRQTSTKAVQHFYNIKLEGKVPMHKLFLEMLEAKV
Target 3 Number of Residues 465
Target 3 Molecular Weight 51307
Target 3 Theoretical pI 6.44
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
steroid binding
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
steroid hormone receptor activity
binding
nucleic acid binding
DNA binding
transcription factor activity
Process
regulation of biological process
regulation of physiological process
regulation of metabolism
regulation of cellular metabolism
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
regulation of transcription
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
organelle
membrane-bound organelle
intracellular membrane-bound organelle
nucleus
Target 3 General Function Involved in transcription factor activity
Target 3 Specific Function Orphan receptor. Binds specifically to an estrogen response element and activates reporter genes controlled by estrogen response elements
Target 3 Pathways Not Available
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function
Target 3 Signals
  • None
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 3 Essentiality Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein 41688060 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P62510 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ERR3_RAT Link Image
Target 3 PDB ID 1VJB Link Image
Target 3 PDB File Show
Target 3 3D Structure
Target 3 Cellular Location
  • Nucleus (Potential)
Target 3 Gene Sequence >1377 bp
ATGGATTCGGTAGAACTTTGCCTGCCTGAATCTTTTTCCCTGCACTACGAAGAAGAGCTT
CTCTGCAGAATGTCAAACAAAGATCGACACATTGATTCCAGCTGTTCGTCCTTCATCAAG
ACGGAACCCTCCAGCCCAGCCTCCCTGACGGACAGCGTCAACCACCACAGCCCTGGTGGA
TCTTCCGACGCCAGTGGGAGTTACAGTTCAACCATGAATGGCCATCAGAACGGACTGGAC
TCGCCACCTCTCTACCCCTCTGCTCCTATCCTGGGAGGCAGCGGTCCTGTCCGGAAACTG
TATGATGACTGCTCCAGCACCATCGTAGAGGATCCCCAGACCAAGTGTGAATATATGCTC
AACTCCATGCCCAAGAGACTGTGCTTAGTGTGTGGCGACATCGCCTCTGGGTATCACTAT
GGGGTTGCCTCATGTGAAGCCTGCAAGGCTTTCTTCAAGAGGACAATTCAAGGTAACATA
GAGTACAGCTGCCCGGCCACGAATGAATGTGAGATCACCAAGCGCAGACGCAAATCCTGC
CAGGCCTGCCGCTTCATGAAATGTCTCAAAGTGGGCATGCTGAAAGAAGGGGTCCGTCTT
GACAGAGTGCGTGGAGGTCGGCAGAAGTACAAGCGTAGAATAGATGCTGAGAACAGCCCA
TACCTGAACCCTCAGCTGGTGCAGCCAGCCAAAAAGCCATATAACAAGATTGTCTCGCAT
TTGCTGGTGGCTGAACCAGAGAAGATCTATGCCATGCCTGACCCTACTGTCCCCGACAGT
GACATCAAAGCCCTCACGACGCTCTGTGACTTGGCTGATCGAGAGTTGGTGGTTATCATT
GGATGGGCAAAACATATCCCAGGCTTCTCCACACTGTCCCTGGCGGATCAGATGAGCCTT
CTCCAGAGCGCGTGGATGGAAATCTTGATCCTGGGTGTTGTGTACCGATCACTTTCGTTT
GAGGATGAACTTGTCTATGCAGACGATTACATAATGGATGAAGACCAGTCCAAATTAGCA
GGCCTTCTTGACCTAAATAACGCCATCCTGCAGCTGGTGAAGAAATATAAAAGCATGAAG
CTAGAGAAGGAAGAATTTGTCACCCTCAAAGCAATAGCTCTTGCTAATTCAGATTCCATG
CACATAGAAGACGTGGAGGCTGTCCAGAAACTTCAGGATGTGTTGCACGAGGCCCTGCAG
GATTACGAGGCTGGCCAGCACATGGAAGACCCACGCCGTGCAGGCAAGATGCTGATGACG
CTGCCGCTCCTGAGGCAGACCTCCACCAAGGCGGTCCAACACTTCTACAACATCAAACTT
GAAGGCAAAGTGCCCATGCACAAACTGTTTCTGGAAATGCTGGAAGCCAAGGTCTGA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID Not Available
Target 3 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Target 3 HGNC ID Not Available
Target 3 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 3 Locus Not Available
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 General References Not Available
Target 3 Drug References Not Available
Drug Target 4 [top]
Target 4 ID 3809
Target 4 Name Estrogen-related receptor gamma
Target 4 Synonyms
  1. ERR gamma-2
  2. Estrogen receptor-related protein 3
Target 4 Gene Name ESRRG
Target 4 Protein Sequence >Estrogen-related receptor gamma
MDSVELCLPESFSLHYEEELLCRMSNKDRHIDSSCSSFIKTEPSSPASLTDSVNHHSPGG
SSDASGSYSSTMNGHQNGLDSPPLYPSAPILGGSGPVRKLYDDCSSTIVEDPQTKCEYML
NSMPKRLCLVCGDIASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGNIEYSCPATNECEITKRRRKSC
QACRFMKCLKVGMLKEGVRLDRVRGGRQKYKRRIDAENSPYLNPQLVQPAKKPYNKIVSH
LLVAEPEKIYAMPDPTVPDSDIKALTTLCDLADRELVVIIGWAKHIPGFSTLSLADQMSL
LQSAWMEILILGVVYRSLSFEDELVYADDYIMDEDQSKLAGLLDLNNAILQLVKKYKSMK
LEKEEFVTLKAIALANSDSMHIEDVEAVQKLQDVLHEALQDYEAGQHMEDPRRAGKMLMT
LPLLRQTSTKAVQHFYNIKLEGKVPMHKLFLEMLEAKV
Target 4 Number of Residues 465
Target 4 Molecular Weight 51307
Target 4 Theoretical pI 6.44
Target 4 GO Classification
Function
steroid binding
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
steroid hormone receptor activity
binding
nucleic acid binding
DNA binding
transcription factor activity
Process
regulation of biological process
regulation of physiological process
regulation of metabolism
regulation of cellular metabolism
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
regulation of transcription
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
organelle
membrane-bound organelle
intracellular membrane-bound organelle
nucleus
Target 4 General Function Not Available
Target 4 Specific Function Orphan receptor. Binds specifically to an estrogen response element and activates reporter genes controlled by estrogen response elements
Target 4 Pathways Not Available
Target 4 Reactions Not Available
Target 4 Pfam Domain Function
Target 4 Signals
  • None
Target 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 4 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 4 GenBank ID Protein 4092075 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P62508 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ERR3_HUMAN Link Image
Target 4 PDB ID 1VJB Link Image
Target 4 PDB File Show
Target 4 3D Structure
Target 4 Cellular Location
  • Nucleus (Potential)
Target 4 Gene Sequence >1377 bp
ATGGATTCGGTAGAACTTTGCCTTCCTGAATCTTTTTCCCTGCACTACGAGGAAGAGCTT
CTCTGCAGAATGTCAAACAAAGATCGACACATTGATTCCAGCTGTTCGTCCTTCATCAAG
ACGGAACCTTCCAGCCCAGCCTCCCTGACGGACAGCGTCAACCACCACAGCCCTGGTGGC
TCTTCAGACGCCAGTGGGAGCTACAGTTCAACCATGAATGGCCATCAGAACGGACTTGAC
TCGCCACCTCTCTACCCTTCTGCTCCTATCCTGGGAGGTAGTGGGCCTGTCAGGAAACTG
TATGATGACTGCTCCAGCACCATTGTTGAAGATCCCCAGACCAAGTGTGAATACATGCTC
AACTCGATGCCCAAGAGACTGTGTTTAGTGTGTGGTGACATCGCTTCTGGGTACCACTAT
GGGGTAGCATCATGTGAAGCCTGCAAGGCATTCTTCAAGAGGACAATTCAAGGCAATATA
GAATACAGCTGCCCTGCCACGAATGAATGTGAAATCACAAAGCGCAGACGTAAATCCTGC
CAGGCTTGCCGCTTCATGAAGTGTTTAAAAGTGGGCATGCTGAAAGAAGGGGTGCGTCTT
GACAGAGTACGTGGAGGTCGGCAGAAGTACAAGCGCAGGATAGATGCGGAGAACAGCCCA
TACCTGAACCCTCAGCTGGTTCAGCCAGCCAAAAAGCCATATAACAAGATTGTCTCACAT
TTGTTGGTGGCTGAACCGGAGAAGATCTATGCCATGCCTGACCCTACTGTCCCCGACAGT
GACATCAAAGCCCTCACTACACTGTGTGACTTGGCCGACCGAGAGTTGGTGGTTATCATT
GGATGGGCGAAGCATATTCCAGGCTTCTCCACGCTGTCCCTGGCGGACCAGATGAGCCTT
CTGCAGAGTGCTTGGATGGAAATTTTGATCCTTGGTGTCGTATACCGGTCTCTTTCATTT
GAGGATGAACTTGTCTATGCAGACGATTATATAATGGACGAAGACCAGTCCAAATTAGCA
GGCCTTCTTGATCTAAATAATGCTATCCTGCAGCTGGTAAAGAAATACAAGAGCATGAAG
CTGGAAAAAGAAGAATTTGTCACCCTCAAAGCTATAGCTCTTGCTAATTCAGACTCCATG
CACATAGAAGATGTTGAAGCCGTTCAGAAGCTTCAGGATGTCTTACATGAAGCGCTGCAG
GATTATGAAGCTGGCCAGCACATGGAAGACCCTCGTCGAGCTGGCAAGATGCTGATGACA
CTGCCACTCCTGAGGCAGACCTCTACCAAGGCCGTGCAGCATTTCTACAACATCAAACTA
GAAGGCAAAGTCCCAATGCACAAACTTTTTTTGGAAATGTTGGAGGCCAAGGTCTGA
Target 4 GenBank Gene ID
Target 4 GeneCard ID ESRRG Link Image
Target 4 GenAtlas ID ESRRG Link Image
Target 4 HGNC ID HGNC:3474 Link Image
Target 4 Chromosome Location 1
Target 4 Locus 1q41
Target 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 4 General References
  1. Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Hirosawa M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1998 Dec 31;5(6):355-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chen F, Zhang Q, McDonald T, Davidoff MJ, Bailey W, Bai C, Liu Q, Caskey CT: Identification of two hERR2-related novel nuclear receptors utilizing bioinformatics and inverse PCR. Gene. 1999 Mar 4;228(1-2):101-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Hong H, Yang L, Stallcup MR: Hormone-independent transcriptional activation and coactivator binding by novel orphan nuclear receptor ERR3. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 6;274(32):22618-26. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Heard DJ, Norby PL, Holloway J, Vissing H: Human ERRgamma, a third member of the estrogen receptor-related receptor (ERR) subfamily of orphan nuclear receptors: tissue-specific isoforms are expressed during development and in the adult. Mol Endocrinol. 2000 Mar;14(3):382-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Eudy JD, Yao S, Weston MD, Ma-Edmonds M, Talmadge CB, Cheng JJ, Kimberling WJ, Sumegi J: Isolation of a gene encoding a novel member of the nuclear receptor superfamily from the critical region of Usher syndrome type IIa at 1q41. Genomics. 1998 Jun 15;50(3):382-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 4 Drug References
  1. Greschik H, Flaig R, Renaud JP, Moras D: Structural basis for the deactivation of the estrogen-related receptor gamma by diethylstilbestrol or 4-hydroxytamoxifen and determinants of selectivity. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 6;279(32):33639-46. Epub 2004 May 24. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.