Banner
Identification
Name Liothyronine
Accession Number DB00279 (APRD01074)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

The L-triiodothyronine (T3, liothyronine) thyroid hormone is normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than L-tetraiodothyronine (T4, levothyroxine, L-thyroxine). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
L-Liothyronine
Liothyronin
Liothyronine Sodium
T3 liothyronine
Triiodothyronine
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Cytomel
Tertroxin
Tresitope
Triostat
Brand mixtures
Brand Name Ingredients
Liotrix Levothyroxine + Liothyronine
Thyrolar Levothyroxine + Liothyronine
Categories
  • Hormone Replacement Agents
CAS number 6893-02-3
Weight Average: 650.9735
Monoisotopic: 650.790038137
Chemical Formula C15H12I3NO4
InChI Key InChIKey=AUYYCJSJGJYCDS-LBPRGKRZSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C15H12I3NO4/c16-9-6-8(1-2-13(9)20)23-14-10(17)3-7(4-11(14)18)5-12(19)15(21)22/h1-4,6,12,20H,5,19H2,(H,21,22)/t12-/m0/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid
SMILES
N[C@@H](CC1=CC(I)=C(OC2=CC(I)=C(O)C=C2)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Amino Acids
  • Methoxyphenols
  • Phenethylamines
  • Amphetamines
Substructures
  • Amino Acids
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Acetates
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Ethers
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Aryl Halides
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Hydroquinones
  • Methoxyphenols
  • Phenethylamines
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anisoles
  • Halobenzenes
  • Phenyl Esters
  • Amphetamines
Pharmacology
Indication Used as replacement or supplemental therapy in patients with hypothyroidism of any etiology, except transient hypothyrodism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis.
Pharmacodynamics Thyroid hormone drugs are natural or synthetic preparations containing T4 or T3 or both. T4 and T3 are produced in the human thyroid gland by the iodination and coupling of the amino acid tyrosine. Liothyronine (T3) contains three atoms of iodine and is formed by the coupling of one molecule of diiodotyrosine (DIT) with one molecule of monoiodotyrosine (MIT). These hormones enhance oxygen consumption by most tissues of the body and increase the basal metabolic rate and the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Thus, they exert a profound influence on every organ system in the body and are of particular importance in the development of the central nervous system.
Mechanism of action The hormones, T4 and T3, are tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Iodine is an important component in their synthesis. The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine (T4). This is converted to the more active liothyronine form by deiodinases in peripheral tissues. Liothyronine acts on the body to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline). The thyroid hormones are essential to proper development and differentiation of all cells of the human body. To various extents T4 and T3 regulate protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Their most pronounced effect is on how human cells use energetic compounds. The thyroid hormone derivatives bind to the thyroid hormone receptors initially to initiate their downstream effects.
Absorption 95% in 4 hours
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 99.7%
Metabolism Not Available
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life 2.5 days
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • X gen pharmaceuticals inc
  • Jhp pharmaceuticals llc
  • King pharmaceuticals inc
  • Coastal pharmaceuticals inc
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Watson laboratories inc
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Injection Intravenous 10 mcg/ml
Tablet Oral 25 mcg
Tablet Oral 5 mcg
Tablet Oral 50 mcg
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Triostat 10 mcg/ml vial 627.9 USD ml
Cytomel 50 mcg tablet 1.89 USD tablet
Liothyronine Sodium 50 mcg tablet 1.69 USD tablet
Liothyronine sod 50 mcg tablet 1.62 USD tablet
Cytomel 25 mcg tablet 1.21 USD tablet
Cytomel 25 mcg Tablet 1.2 USD tablet
Cytomel 5 mcg Tablet 1.11 USD tablet
Liothyronine Sodium 25 mcg tablet 1.09 USD tablet
Liothyronine sod 25 mcg tablet 1.06 USD tablet
Cytomel 5 mcg tablet 0.89 USD tablet
Liothyronine Sodium 5 mcg tablet 0.84 USD tablet
Liothyronine sod 5 mcg tablet 0.81 USD tablet
First Prev Next Last
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 236.5 dec °C PhysProp
water solubility 3.96 mg/L (at 37 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP 2.9 Not Available
logS -5.22 ADME Research, USCD
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 1.95e-02 g/l ALOGPS
logP 0.82 ALOGPS
logP 2.8 ChemAxon
logS -4.5 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 0.3 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 9.48 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 4 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 3 ChemAxon
polar surface area 92.78 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 5 ChemAxon
refractivity 113.43 ChemAxon
polarizability 43.92 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Uchino H, Kanai Y, Kim DK, Wempe MF, Chairoungdua A, Morimoto E, Anders MW, Endou H: Transport of amino acid-related compounds mediated by L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): insights into the mechanisms of substrate recognition. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;61(4):729-37. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Compound C02465 Link_out
PubChem Compound 5920 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46506352 Link_out
ChemSpider 5707 Link_out
BindingDB 18860 Link_out
ChEBI 18258 Link_out
ChEMBL 18258 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000082 Link_out
PharmGKB PA164778866 Link_out
IUPHAR 2634 Link_out
Guide to Pharmacology 2634 Link_out
HET T3 Link_out
Drug Product Database 1919466 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/liothyronine.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/liothyronine.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liothyronine Link_out
ATC Codes
  • H03AA02
AHFS Codes
  • 68:36.04
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label show (40.8 KB)
MSDS show (73.4 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Calcium Acetate Calcium salts such as calcium acetate may diminish the therapeutic effect of thyroid products such as liothyronine. Separate the doses of the thyroid product and the oral calcium supplement by at least 4 hours. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of thyroid products if an oral calcium supplement is initiated/dose increased, or increased effects if an oral calcium supplement is discontinued/dose decreased.
Calcium Chloride Calcium salts such as calcium chloride may diminish the therapeutic effect of thyroid products such as liothyronine. Separate the doses of the thyroid product and the oral calcium supplement by at least 4 hours. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of thyroid products if an oral calcium supplement is initiated/dose increased, or increased effects if an oral calcium supplement is discontinued/dose decreased.
Cholestyramine The resin, cholestyramine, decreases the absorption of the thyroid hormones, liothyronine.
Colestipol The resin, colestipol, decreases the absorption of the thyroid hormone, liothyronine.
Digoxin The thyroid hormone, liothyronine, decreases the effect of digoxin.
Warfarin Liothyronine may contribute to the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by increasing the metabolism of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Monitor for changes in prothrombin time and anticoagulant effects if liothyronine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

Nuclear hormone receptor. High affinity receptor for triiodothyronine

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P10827 Link_out
Gene: THRA Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Jiang W, Miyamoto T, Kakizawa T, Sakuma T, Nishio S, Takeda T, Suzuki S, Hashizume K: Expression of thyroid hormone receptor alpha in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; triiodothyronine increases the expression of lipogenic enzyme and triglyceride accumulation. J Endocrinol. 2004 Aug;182(2):295-302. Pubmed
  2. Kariv R, Enden A, Zvibel I, Rosner G, Brill S, Shafritz DA, Halpern Z, Oren R: Triiodothyronine and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induce expression of HGF in an immortalized rat hepatic stellate cell line. Liver Int. 2003 Jun;23(3):187-93. Pubmed
  3. Mai W, Janier MF, Allioli N, Quignodon L, Chuzel T, Flamant F, Samarut J: Thyroid hormone receptor alpha is a molecular switch of cardiac function between fetal and postnatal life. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 13;101(28):10332-7. Epub 2004 Jul 6. Pubmed
  4. Sciaudone MP, Yao L, Schaller M, Zinn SA, Freake HC: Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid enhances thyroid hormone action by a transcriptional mechanism. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2004 Summer;99(1-3):219-31. Pubmed
  5. Timmer DC, Bakker O, Wiersinga WM: Triiodothyronine affects the alternative splicing of thyroid hormone receptor alpha mRNA. J Endocrinol. 2003 Nov;179(2):217-25. Pubmed
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

2. Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

High affinity receptor for triiodothyronine

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P10828 Link_out
Gene: THRB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Bernal J: Thyroid hormone receptors in brain development and function. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Mar;3(3):249-59. Pubmed
  2. Gonzalez-Sancho JM, Garcia V, Bonilla F, Munoz A: Thyroid hormone receptors/THR genes in human cancer. Cancer Lett. 2003 Mar 31;192(2):121-32. Pubmed
  3. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  4. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  5. Yen PM, Feng X, Flamant F, Chen Y, Walker RL, Weiss RE, Chassande O, Samarut J, Refetoff S, Meltzer PS: Effects of ligand and thyroid hormone receptor isoforms on hepatic gene expression profiles of thyroid hormone receptor knockout mice. EMBO Rep. 2003 Jun;4(6):581-7. Pubmed
  6. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed
  7. Wu SY, Sadow PM, Refetoff S, Weiss RE: Tissue responses to thyroid hormone in a kindred with resistance to thyroid hormone harboring a commonly occurring mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene (P453T). J Lab Clin Med. 2005 Aug;146(2):85-94. Pubmed
  8. Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. Pubmed
  9. Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2

Actions: substrate

Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity)

UniProt ID: P46721 Link_out
Gene: SLCO1A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Fujiwara K, Adachi H, Nishio T, Unno M, Tokui T, Okabe M, Onogawa T, Suzuki T, Asano N, Tanemoto M, Seki M, Shiiba K, Suzuki M, Kondo Y, Nunoki K, Shimosegawa T, Iinuma K, Ito S, Matsuno S, Abe T: Identification of thyroid hormone transporters in humans: different molecules are involved in a tissue-specific manner. Endocrinology. 2001 May;142(5):2005-12. Pubmed
  2. Friesema EC, Docter R, Moerings EP, Stieger B, Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ, Krenning EP, Hennemann G, Visser TJ: Identification of thyroid hormone transporters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Jan 19;254(2):497-501. Pubmed
  3. Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. Pubmed

2. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1

Actions: substrate

Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene C3, leukotriene E4, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. May play an important role in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver

UniProt ID: Q9Y6L6 Link_out
Gene: SLCO1B1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Abe T, Kakyo M, Tokui T, Nakagomi R, Nishio T, Nakai D, Nomura H, Unno M, Suzuki M, Naitoh T, Matsuno S, Yawo H: Identification of a novel gene family encoding human liver-specific organic anion transporter LST-1. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 11;274(24):17159-63. Pubmed
  2. Kullak-Ublick, G.A. et al. Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP- B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology 120, 525-533 (2001). Pubmed

3. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3

Actions: substrate

Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, taurocholate, triiodothyronine (T3), leukotriene C4, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), methotrexate and sulfobromophthalein (BSP)

UniProt ID: Q9NPD5 Link_out
Gene: SLCO1B3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. Pubmed
  2. Abe T, Unno M, Onogawa T, Tokui T, Kondo TN, Nakagomi R, Adachi H, Fujiwara K, Okabe M, Suzuki T, Nunoki K, Sato E, Kakyo M, Nishio T, Sugita J, Asano N, Tanemoto M, Seki M, Date F, Ono K, Kondo Y, Shiiba K, Suzuki M, Ohtani H, Shimosegawa T, Iinuma K, Nagura H, Ito S, Matsuno S: LST-2, a human liver-specific organic anion transporter, determines methotrexate sensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers. Gastroenterology. 2001 Jun;120(7):1689-99. Pubmed

4. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1

Actions: substrate

Organic anion transporter, capable of transporting pharmacological substances such as digoxin, ouabain, thyroxine, methotrexate and cAMP. May participate in the regulation of membrane transport of ouabain. Involved in the uptake of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and hence may play a role in its transport into and out of renal proximal tubule cells. May be involved in the first step of the transport pathway of digoxin and various compounds into the urine in the kidney. May be involved in sperm maturation by enabling directed movement of organic anions and compounds within or between cells. This ion- transporting process is important to maintain the strict epididymal homeostasis necessary for sperm maturation. May have a role in secretory functions since seminal vesicle epithelial cells are assumed to secrete proteins involved in decapacitation by modifying surface proteins to facilitate the acquisition of the ability to fertilize the egg

UniProt ID: Q6ZQN7 Link_out
Gene: SLCO4C1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mikkaichi T, Suzuki T, Onogawa T, Tanemoto M, Mizutamari H, Okada M, Chaki T, Masuda S, Tokui T, Eto N, Abe M, Satoh F, Unno M, Hishinuma T, Inui K, Ito S, Goto J, Abe T: Isolation and characterization of a digoxin transporter and its rat homologue expressed in the kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 9;101(10):3569-74. Epub 2004 Mar 1. Pubmed

5. Sodium/bile acid cotransporter

Actions: substrate

The hepatic sodium/bile acid uptake system exhibits broad substrate specificity and transports various non-bile acid organic compounds as well. It is strictly dependent on the extracellular presence of sodium

UniProt ID: Q14973 Link_out
Gene: SLC10A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Friesema EC, Docter R, Moerings EP, Stieger B, Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ, Krenning EP, Hennemann G, Visser TJ: Identification of thyroid hormone transporters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Jan 19;254(2):497-501. Pubmed

6. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Mediates the Na(+)-independent high affinity transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and rT3. Other potential substrates, such as triiodothyronine (T3), 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone-3-sulfate and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) are transported with much lower efficiency

UniProt ID: Q9NYB5 Link_out
Gene: SLCO1C1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Tohyama K, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y: Involvement of multispecific organic anion transporter, Oatp14 (Slc21a14), in the transport of thyroxine across the blood-brain barrier. Endocrinology. 2004 Sep;145(9):4384-91. Epub 2004 May 27. Pubmed
  2. Pizzagalli F, Hagenbuch B, Stieger B, Klenk U, Folkers G, Meier PJ: Identification of a novel human organic anion transporting polypeptide as a high affinity thyroxine transporter. Mol Endocrinol. 2002 Oct;16(10):2283-96. Pubmed

7. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones T3 (triiodo-L-thyronine), T4 (thyroxine) and rT3, and of estrone-3-sulfate and taurocholate

UniProt ID: Q96BD0 Link_out
Gene: SLCO4A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Fujiwara K, Adachi H, Nishio T, Unno M, Tokui T, Okabe M, Onogawa T, Suzuki T, Asano N, Tanemoto M, Seki M, Shiiba K, Suzuki M, Kondo Y, Nunoki K, Shimosegawa T, Iinuma K, Ito S, Matsuno S, Abe T: Identification of thyroid hormone transporters in humans: different molecules are involved in a tissue-specific manner. Endocrinology. 2001 May;142(5):2005-12. Pubmed
  2. Mikkaichi T, Suzuki T, Onogawa T, Tanemoto M, Mizutamari H, Okada M, Chaki T, Masuda S, Tokui T, Eto N, Abe M, Satoh F, Unno M, Hishinuma T, Inui K, Ito S, Goto J, Abe T: Isolation and characterization of a digoxin transporter and its rat homologue expressed in the kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 9;101(10):3569-74. Epub 2004 Mar 1. Pubmed
  1. Fujiwara K, Adachi H, Nishio T, Unno M, Tokui T, Okabe M, Onogawa T, Suzuki T, Asano N, Tanemoto M, Seki M, Shiiba K, Suzuki M, Kondo Y, Nunoki K, Shimosegawa T, Iinuma K, Ito S, Matsuno S, Abe T: Identification of thyroid hormone transporters in humans: different molecules are involved in a tissue-specific manner. Endocrinology. 2001 May;142(5):2005-12. Pubmed

8. Solute carrier family 22 member 8

Actions: inhibitor

Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenadine. Transports benzylpenicillin (PCG), estrone- 3-sulfate (E1S), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), p-amino-hippurate (PAH), acyclovir (ACV) and ochratoxin (OTA)

UniProt ID: Q8TCC7 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A8 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ohtsuki S, Kikkawa T, Mori S, Hori S, Takanaga H, Otagiri M, Terasaki T: Mouse reduced in osteosclerosis transporter functions as an organic anion transporter 3 and is localized at abluminal membrane of blood-brain barrier. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Jun;309(3):1273-81. Epub 2004 Feb 4. Pubmed

9. Monocarboxylate transporter 10

Actions: inhibitor

Sodium-independent transporter that mediates the update of aromatic acid. Can function as a net efflux pathway for aromatic amino acids in the basosolateral epithelial cells (By similarity)

UniProt ID: Q8TF71 Link_out
Gene: SLC16A10 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. Pubmed

10. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Actions: inducer

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out
Gene: ABCB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ashida K, Katsura T, Motohashi H, Saito H, Inui K: Thyroid hormone regulates the activity and expression of the peptide transporter PEPT1 in Caco-2 cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2002 Apr;282(4):G617-23. Pubmed

11. Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1

Sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of large neutral amino acids. Involved in cellular amino acid uptake

UniProt ID: Q01650 Link_out
Gene: SLC7A5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Uchino H, Kanai Y, Kim DK, Wempe MF, Chairoungdua A, Morimoto E, Anders MW, Endou H: Transport of amino acid-related compounds mediated by L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): insights into the mechanisms of substrate recognition. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;61(4):729-37. Pubmed
Carriers

1. Transthyretin

Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain

UniProt ID: P02766 Link_out
Gene: TTR Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Eneqvist T, Lundberg E, Karlsson A, Huang S, Santos CR, Power DM, Sauer-Eriksson AE: High resolution crystal structures of piscine transthyretin reveal different binding modes for triiodothyronine and thyroxine. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 18;279(25):26411-6. Epub 2004 Apr 13. Pubmed
  2. Palha JA: Transthyretin as a thyroid hormone carrier: function revisited. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002 Dec;40(12):1292-300. Pubmed

2. Thyroxine-binding globulin

Major thyroid hormone transport protein in serum

UniProt ID: P05543 Link_out
Gene: SERPINA7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Palha JA: Transthyretin as a thyroid hormone carrier: function revisited. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002 Dec;40(12):1292-300. Pubmed

3. Serum albumin

Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood

UniProt ID: P02768 Link_out
Gene: ALB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Palha JA: Transthyretin as a thyroid hormone carrier: function revisited. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002 Dec;40(12):1292-300. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 17, 2013 16:42