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Identification
Name Levothyroxine
Accession Number DB00451 (APRD00235, EXPT02993)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (monoiodotyrosine) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (diiodotyrosine) in the thyroglobulin. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form triiodothyronine which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  • (-)-Thyroxine
  • 3,3',5,5'-Tetraiodo-L-thyronine
  • L-Thryoxin
  • L-Thyroxine
  • Laevothyroxinum
  • Levo-t
  • Levothyroxin
  • Levothyroxine Sodium
  • O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diidophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine
  • T4 levothyroxine
  • Tetraiodothyronine
  • THX
  • Thyroxine iodine
Brand names
  • Eltroxin
  • Euthyrox
  • Laevoxin
  • Letter
  • Levaxin
  • Levolet
  • Levothroid
  • Levothyrox
  • Levoxine
  • Levoxyl
  • Novothyrox
  • Oroxine
  • Synthroid
  • Synthroid Sodium
  • Thyratabs
  • Thyrax
  • Thyreoideum
  • Thyro-tabs
  • Thyroxevan
  • Thyroxin
  • Thyroxinal
  • Unithroid
Brand name mixtures
  • Liotrix (Levothyroxine + Liothyronine)
  • Thyrolar (Levothyroxine + Liothyronine)
Categories
  • Antithyroid Agents
CAS number 51-48-9
Weight Average: 776.87
Monoisotopic: 776.686681525
Chemical Formula C15H11I4NO4
InChI Key InChIKey=XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-LBPRGKRZSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C15H11I4NO4/c16-8-4-7(5-9(17)13(8)21)24-14-10(18)1-6(2-11(14)19)3-12(20)15(22)23/h1-2,4-5,12,21H,3,20H2,(H,22,23)/t12-/m0/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid
SMILES
N[C@@H](CC1=CC(I)=C(OC2=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C2)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Amino Acids
  • Methoxyphenols
  • Phenethylamines
  • Amphetamines
Substructures
  • Amino Acids
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Acetates
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Ethers
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Aryl Halides
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Hydroquinones
  • Methoxyphenols
  • Phenethylamines
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anisoles
  • Halobenzenes
  • Phenyl Esters
  • Amphetamines
Pharmacology
Indication For use alone or in combination with antithyroid agents to treat hypothyroidism, goiter, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, myxedema coma, and stupor.
Pharmacodynamics Levothyroxine (T4) is a synthetically prepared levo isomer of thyroxine, the major hormone secreted from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form triiodothyronine (T3) which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. Thyroid hormone increases the metabolic rate of cells of all tissues in the body. In the fetus and newborn, thyroid hormone is important for the growth and development of all tissues including bones and the brain. In adults, thyroid hormone helps to maintain brain function, food metabolism, and body temperature, among other effects. The symptoms of thyroid deficiency relieved by levothyroxine include slow speech, lack of energy, weight gain, hair loss, dry thick skin and unusual sensitivity to cold.
Mechanism of action Levothyroxine acts like the endogenous thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4, a tetra-iodinated tyrosine derivative). In the liver and kidney, T4 is converted to T3, the active metabolite. In order to increase solubility, the thyroid hormones attach to thyroid hormone binding proteins, thyroxin-binding globulin, and thyroxin-binding prealbumin (transthyretin). Transport and binding to thyroid hormone receptors in the cytoplasm and nucleus then takes place. Thus by acting as a replacement for natural thyroxine, symptoms of thyroxine deficiency are relieved.
Absorption Bioavailability varies from 48% to 80%. Human studies have confirmed the importance of an intact jejunum and ileum for levothyroxine absorption and have shown some absorption from the duodenum.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding > 99% to serum proteins, including thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA), and albumin (TBA)
Metabolism

Approximately 70% of secreted T4 is deiodinated to equal amounts of T3 and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), which is calorigenically inactive. Elimination of T4 and T3 involves hepatic conjugation to glucuronic and sulfuric acids. The hormones undergo enterohepatic circulation as conjugates are hydrolyzed in the intestine and reabsorbed. Conjugated compounds that reach the colon are hydrolyzed and eliminated as free compounds in the feces. Other minor T4 metabolites have been identified.

Route of elimination Thyroid hormones are primarily eliminated by the kidneys.
Half life T4, 6 to 7 days. T3, 1 to 2 days.
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity LD50=20 mg/kg (orally in rat). Hypermetabolic state indistinguishable from thyrotoxicosis of endogenous origin. Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include weight loss, increased appetite, palpitations, nervousness, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, sweating, tachycardia, increased pulse and blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias, tremors, insomnia, heat intolerance, fever, and menstrual irregularities.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Institute biochimique sa (ibsa)
  • Institut biochimique sa ibsa
  • Vintage pharmaceuticals llc
  • Alara pharmaceutical corporation
  • Lloyd inc
  • Merck kgaa
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • King pharmaceuticals inc
  • Abbott laboratories
  • Jerome stevens pharmaceuticals inc
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Powder, for solution Parenteral 100 mcg/ml
Powder, for solution Parenteral 40 mcg/ml
Tablet Oral 100 mcg
Tablet Oral 112 mcg
Tablet Oral 125 mcg
Tablet Oral 137 mcg
Tablet Oral 150 mcg
Tablet Oral 175 mcg
Tablet Oral 200 mcg
Tablet Oral 25 mcg
Tablet Oral 300 mcg
Tablet Oral 50 mcg
Tablet Oral 75 mcg
Tablet Oral 88 mcg
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Levothyroxine sodium powder 159.12 USD g
Levothyroxine 200 mcg vial 24.0 USD vial
Levothyroxine 500 mcg vial 24.0 USD vial
Levoxyl 300 mcg tablet 2.34 USD tablet
Synthroid 300 mcg tablet 1.29 USD tablet
Synthroid 175 mcg tablet 1.07 USD tablet
Synthroid 200 mcg tablet 0.99 USD tablet
Synthroid 137 mcg tablet 0.87 USD tablet
Synthroid 112 mcg tablet 0.84 USD tablet
Synthroid 125 mcg tablet 0.84 USD tablet
Synthroid 150 mcg tablet 0.83 USD tablet
Levothyroxine Sodium 300 mcg tablet 0.77 USD tablet
Synthroid 100 mcg tablet 0.73 USD tablet
Synthroid 75 mcg tablet 0.72 USD tablet
Synthroid 88 mcg tablet 0.71 USD tablet
Levoxyl 200 mcg tablet 0.7 USD tablet
Levoxyl 175 mcg tablet 0.69 USD tablet
Unithroid 300 mcg tablet 0.69 USD tablet
Synthroid 50 mcg tablet 0.65 USD tablet
Levoxyl 137 mcg tablet 0.62 USD tablet
Unithroid 200 mcg tablet 0.62 USD tablet
Levoxyl 112 mcg tablet 0.61 USD tablet
Synthroid 25 mcg tablet 0.61 USD tablet
Unithroid 175 mcg tablet 0.61 USD tablet
Levoxyl 150 mcg tablet 0.59 USD tablet
Levoxyl 125 mcg tablet 0.58 USD tablet
Levothyroxine Sodium 175 mcg tablet 0.57 USD tablet
Levothyroxine Sodium 200 mcg tablet 0.57 USD tablet
Levothyroxine 175 mcg tablet 0.55 USD tablet
Unithroid 150 mcg tablet 0.55 USD tablet
Levoxyl 88 mcg tablet 0.54 USD tablet
Unithroid 112 mcg tablet 0.53 USD tablet
Unithroid 125 mcg tablet 0.53 USD tablet
Levoxyl 75 mcg tablet 0.52 USD tablet
Levothroid 300 mcg tablet 0.51 USD tablet
Levoxyl 100 mcg tablet 0.51 USD tablet
Levothyroxine Sodium 100 mcg tablet 0.5 USD tablet
Levothyroxine Sodium 150 mcg tablet 0.5 USD tablet
Levothyroxine Sodium 88 mcg tablet 0.5 USD tablet
Levoxyl 50 mcg tablet 0.49 USD tablet
Unithroid 88 mcg tablet 0.49 USD tablet
Unithroid 100 mcg tablet 0.47 USD tablet
Unithroid 75 mcg tablet 0.47 USD tablet
Levothyroxine Sodium 125 mcg tablet 0.47 USD tablet
Levothyroxine Sodium 137 mcg tablet 0.47 USD tablet
Levothyroxine Sodium 50 mcg tablet 0.47 USD tablet
Levothyroxine Sodium 75 mcg tablet 0.47 USD tablet
Levothyroxine Sodium 112 mcg tablet 0.46 USD tablet
Levothyroxine 137 mcg tablet 0.45 USD tablet
Levoxyl 25 mcg tablet 0.45 USD tablet
Levothyroxine 112 mcg tablet 0.44 USD tablet
Levothyroxine Sodium 25 mcg tablet 0.43 USD tablet
Unithroid 50 mcg tablet 0.43 USD tablet
Unithroid 25 mcg tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Unithroid direct 100 mcg tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Unithroid direct 112 mcg tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Unithroid direct 125 mcg tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Unithroid direct 150 mcg tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Unithroid direct 175 mcg tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Unithroid direct 200 mcg tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Unithroid direct 25 mcg tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Unithroid direct 300 mcg tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Unithroid direct 50 mcg tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Unithroid direct 75 mcg tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Unithroid direct 88 mcg tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Levothroid 200 mcg tablet 0.4 USD tablet
Levothroid 175 mcg tablet 0.38 USD tablet
Levothyroxine 88 mcg tablet 0.38 USD tablet
Levothroid 125 mcg tablet 0.36 USD tablet
Levothroid 150 mcg tablet 0.36 USD tablet
Levothroid 100 mcg tablet 0.35 USD tablet
Levothroid 137 mcg tablet 0.35 USD tablet
Levothroid 112 mcg tablet 0.34 USD tablet
Levothroid 75 mcg tablet 0.33 USD tablet
Levothroid 88 mcg tablet 0.33 USD tablet
Levothyroxine 300 mcg tablet 0.32 USD tablet
Levothroid 25 mcg tablet 0.31 USD tablet
Unithroid 137 mcg tablet 0.31 USD tablet
Levothroid 50 mcg tablet 0.3 USD tablet
Levothyroxine 200 mcg tablet 0.29 USD tablet
Levothyroxine 150 mcg tablet 0.24 USD tablet
Levothyroxine 125 mcg tablet 0.22 USD tablet
Levothyroxine 100 mcg tablet 0.2 USD tablet
Levothyroxine 75 mcg tablet 0.2 USD tablet
Levothyroxine 50 mcg tablet 0.18 USD tablet
Synthroid 0.137 mg Tablet 0.18 USD tablet
Levothyroxine 25 mcg tablet 0.17 USD tablet
Synthroid 0.3 mg Tablet 0.12 USD tablet
Synthroid 0.175 mg Tablet 0.11 USD tablet
Synthroid 0.075 mg Tablet 0.1 USD tablet
Synthroid 0.088 mg Tablet 0.1 USD tablet
Synthroid 0.112 mg Tablet 0.1 USD tablet
Synthroid 0.125 mg Tablet 0.1 USD tablet
Synthroid 0.025 mg Tablet 0.09 USD tablet
Synthroid 0.2 mg Tablet 0.09 USD tablet
Synthroid 0.1 mg Tablet 0.08 USD tablet
Synthroid 0.15 mg Tablet 0.08 USD tablet
Eltroxin 0.3 mg Tablet 0.07 USD tablet
Synthroid 0.05 mg Tablet 0.06 USD tablet
Eltroxin 0.2 mg Tablet 0.05 USD tablet
Eltroxin 0.1 mg Tablet 0.04 USD tablet
Eltroxin 0.15 mg Tablet 0.04 USD tablet
Eltroxin 0.05 mg Tablet 0.03 USD tablet
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires
United States 7723390 2004-03-14 2024-03-14
United States 6399101 2000-03-30 2020-03-30
Properties
State solid
Melting point 235.5 oC
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 0.105 mg/mL PhysProp
logP 4 PhysProp
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 8.98e-03 g/l ALOGPS
logP 1.15 ALOGPS
logP 3.59 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -4.94 ALOGPS
pKa 7.43 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 4 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 3 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 92.78 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 5 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 126.79 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 49.40 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Compound C01829 Link_out
PubChem Compound 5819 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46507672 Link_out
ChemSpider 5614 Link_out
ChEBI 18332 Link_out
ChEMBL 18332 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000083 Link_out
PharmGKB PA450221 Link_out
Drug Product Database 2245948 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/levothy.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/levothyroxine.html Link_out
PDRhealth http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/syn1421.shtml Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levothyroxine Link_out
ATC Codes
  • H03AA01
AHFS Codes
  • 68:36.04
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label show (54.3 KB)
MSDS show (51.7 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions
  • Absorption increased in fasting state and decreased in malabsorption states.
  • Consistent administration in relation to meals is recommended.
  • No iron or calium carbonate within 4 hours of taking this medication.
  • Oral administration with infant soybean formula, soybean flour, cotton seed meal, walnuts, foods containing large amounts of fiber, ferrous sulfate, and antacids may decrease drug absorption.
  • Take 30-60 minutes before breakfast.
Targets

1. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

Nuclear hormone receptor. High affinity receptor for triiodothyronine

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P10827 Link_out
Gene: THRA Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  3. Bernal J: Thyroid hormone receptors in brain development and function. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Mar;3(3):249-59. Pubmed
  4. Nakajima Y, Yamada M, Horiguchi K, Satoh T, Hashimoto K, Tokuhiro E, Onigata K, Mori M: Resistance to thyroid hormone due to a novel thyroid hormone receptor mutant in a patient with hypothyroidism secondary to lingual thyroid and functional characterization of the mutant receptor. Thyroid. 2010 Aug;20(8):917-26. Pubmed
  5. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

2. Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

High affinity receptor for triiodothyronine

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P10828 Link_out
Gene: THRB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  2. Marazuela M, Nattero L, Moure D, Garcia-Polo I, Figueroa-Vega N, Guijarro C: Thyroid hormone resistance and pituitary enlargement after thyroid ablation in a woman on levothyroxine treatment. Thyroid. 2008 Oct;18(10):1119-23. Pubmed
  3. Sivakumar T, Chaidarun S: Resistance to thyroid hormone in a patient with coexisting Graves’ disease. Thyroid. 2010 Feb;20(2):213-6. Pubmed
  4. Grasberger H, Ringkananont U, Croxson M, Refetoff S: Resistance to thyroid hormone in a patient with thyroid dysgenesis. Thyroid. 2005 Jul;15(7):730-3. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2C8

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti- cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol)

UniProt ID: P10632 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C8
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Walsky RL, Gaman EA, Obach RS: Examination of 209 drugs for inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C8. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Jan;45(1):68-78. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1

Actions: substrate

Mediates the Na(+)-independent high affinity transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and rT3. Other potential substrates, such as triiodothyronine (T3), 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone-3-sulfate and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) are transported with much lower efficiency

UniProt ID: Q9NYB5 Link_out
Gene: SLCO1C1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Westholm DE, Stenehjem DD, Rumbley JN, Drewes LR, Anderson GW: Competitive inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1c1-mediated thyroxine transport by the fenamate class of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Endocrinology. 2009 Feb;150(2):1025-32. Epub 2008 Oct 9. Pubmed
  2. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

2. Monocarboxylate transporter 8

Actions: inhibitor

Very active and specific thyroid hormone transporter. Stimulates cellular uptake of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) and diidothyronine. Does not transport Leu, Phe, Trp or Tyr

UniProt ID: P36021 Link_out
Gene: SLC16A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Friesema EC, Ganguly S, Abdalla A, Manning Fox JE, Halestrap AP, Visser TJ: Identification of monocarboxylate transporter 8 as a specific thyroid hormone transporter. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 10;278(41):40128-35. Epub 2003 Jul 18. Pubmed

3. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Actions: inducer

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out
Gene: ABCB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Siegmund W, Altmannsberger S, Paneitz A, Hecker U, Zschiesche M, Franke G, Meng W, Warzok R, Schroeder E, Sperker B, Terhaag B, Cascorbi I, Kroemer HK: Effect of levothyroxine administration on intestinal P-glycoprotein expression: consequences for drug disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Sep;72(3):256-64. Pubmed
Carriers

1. Transthyretin

Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain

UniProt ID: P02766 Link_out
Gene: TTR Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Eneqvist T, Lundberg E, Karlsson A, Huang S, Santos CR, Power DM, Sauer-Eriksson AE: High resolution crystal structures of piscine transthyretin reveal different binding modes for triiodothyronine and thyroxine. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 18;279(25):26411-6. Epub 2004 Apr 13. Pubmed
  2. Palha JA: Transthyretin as a thyroid hormone carrier: function revisited. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002 Dec;40(12):1292-300. Pubmed

2. Thyroxine-binding globulin

Major thyroid hormone transport protein in serum

UniProt ID: P05543 Link_out
Gene: SERPINA7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Palha JA: Transthyretin as a thyroid hormone carrier: function revisited. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002 Dec;40(12):1292-300. Pubmed

3. Serum albumin

Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood

UniProt ID: P02768 Link_out
Gene: ALB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Palha JA: Transthyretin as a thyroid hormone carrier: function revisited. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002 Dec;40(12):1292-300. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on November 10, 2010 13:39

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.