Drugbank Logo

Showing drug card for Bupivacaine (DB00297)

Legend: drug field target field enzyme field

for drugs
Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:07:36
Primary Accession Number DB00297
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00247
Name Bupivacaine
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Investigational
  • Small Molecule
Description A widely used local anesthetic agent. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. (+-)-Bupivacaine
  2. Bloqueina
  3. Bupivacaina [INN-Spanish]
  4. Bupivacaine HCL
  5. Bupivacaine HCL KIT
  6. Bupivacainum [INN-Latin]
  7. DL-Bupivacaine
  8. DUR-843
  9. LAC-43
  10. bupivacaine
  11. cBupivacaine
Brand Names
  1. Anekain
  2. Bupivan
  3. Carbostesin
  4. Chirocaine
  5. DepoBupivacaine
  6. Marcaina
  7. Marcaine
  8. Marcaine HCL
  9. Marcaine Spinal
  10. Sensorcaine
  11. Sensorcaine-MPF
  12. Sensorcaine-MPF Spinal
  13. Transdur-Bupivacaine
Brand Mixtures
  1. Marcaine E (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride + Epinephrine Bitartrate)
  2. Sensorcaine Forte (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride + Epinephrine Bitartrate)
Chemical IUPAC Name 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide
Chemical Formula C18H28N2O
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 2180-92-9
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C18H28N2O/c1-4-5-12-20-13-7-6-11-16(20)18(21)19-17-14(2)9-8-10-15(17)3/h8-10,16H,4-7,11-13H2,1-3H3,(H,19,21)/f/h19H
InChI Key LEBVLXFERQHONN-LILDFLRNCK
KEGG Drug Not Available
KEGG Compound C07529 Link Image
PubChem Compound 2474 Link Image
PubChem Substance 9732 Link Image
ChEBI ID 3215 Link Image
PharmGKB ID PA448683 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02165414 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/bupivacaine.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupivacaine Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 288.4277
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 288.2202
State Solid
Melting Point 107-108 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 2400 mg/L Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 9.77e-02 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 3.6 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 3.31 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -3.47 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point 8.1
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES CCCCN1CCCC[C@@H]1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C
Canonical SMILES CCCCN1CCCCC1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C
Drug Category
  • Anesthetics, Local
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 72:00.00
Indication For the production of local or regional anesthesia or analgesia for surgery, for oral surgery procedures, for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for obstetrical procedures.
Pharmacology Bupivacaine is a widely used local anesthetic agent. Bupivacaine is often administered by spinal injection prior to total hip arthroplasty. It is also commonly injected into surgical wound sites to reduce pain for up to 20 hours after surgery. In comparison to other local anesthetics it has a long duration of action. It is also the most toxic to the heart when administered in large doses. This problem has led to the use of other long-acting local anaesthetics:ropivacaine and levobupivacaine. Levobupivacaine is a derivative, specifically an enantiomer, of bupivacaine. Systemic absorption of local anesthetics produces effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. At blood concentrations achieved with therapeutic doses, changes in cardiac conduction, excitability, refractoriness, contractility, and peripheral vascular resistance are minimal. However, toxic blood concentrations depress cardiac conduction and excitability, which may lead to atrioventricular block, ventricular arrhythmias and to cardiac arrest, sometimes resulting in fatalities. In addition, myocardial contractility is depressed and peripheral vasodilation occurs, leading to decreased cardiac output and arterial blood pressure. Following systemic absorption, local anesthetics can produce central nervous system stimulation, depression or both.
Mechanism of Action Local anesthetics such as bupivacaine block the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. Clinically, the order of loss of nerve function is as follows: (1) pain, (2) temperature, (3) touch, (4) proprioception, and (5) skeletal muscle tone. The analgesic effects of Bupivicaine are thought to be due to its binding to the prostaglandin E2 receptors, subtype EP1 (PGE2EP1), which inhibits the production of prostaglandins, thereby reducing fever, inflammation, and hyperalgesia.
Absorption The rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetics is dependent upon the total dose and concentration of drug administered, the route of administration, the vascularity of the administration site, and the presence or absence of epinephrine in the anesthetic solution.
Toxicity The mean seizure dosage of bupivacaine in rhesus monkeys was found to be 4.4 mg/kg with mean arterial plasma concentration of 4.5 mcg/mL. The intravenous and subcutaneous LD 50 in mice is 6 to 8 mg/kg and 38 to 54 mg/kg respectively. Recent clinical data from patients experiencing local anesthetic induced convulsions demonstrated rapid development of hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis with bupivacaine within a minute of the onset of convulsions. These observations suggest that oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are greatly increased during local anesthetic convulsions and emphasize the importance of immediate and effective ventilation with oxygen which may avoid cardiac arrest.
Protein Binding 95%
Biotransformation Amide-type local anesthetics such as bupivacaine are metabolized primarily in the liver via conjugation with glucuronic acid. The major metabolite of bupivacaine is 2,6-pipecoloxylidine, which is mainly catalyzed via cytochrome P450 3A4.
Half Life 2.7 hours in adults and 8.1 hours in neonates
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Liquid Infiltration
Solution Epidural
Solution Infiltration
Solution Intraspinal
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Bupivacaine Pathway SMP00393 Link Image
General References
  1. Picard J, Meek T: Lipid emulsion to treat overdose of local anaesthetic: the gift of the glob. Anaesthesia. 2006 Feb;61(2):107-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Rosenblatt MA, Abel M, Fischer GW, Itzkovich CJ, Eisenkraft JB: Successful use of a 20% lipid emulsion to resuscitate a patient after a presumed bupivacaine-related cardiac arrest. Anesthesiology. 2006 Jul;105(1):217-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Drugs.com Link Image
  4. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Wikipedia Link Image
  6. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Targets
  1. Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype
  2. Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP3A4
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P08684 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P08684|CP3A4_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 3A4 (EC 1.14.13.67) 
ALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNILSYHKGFCMFD
MECHKKYGKVWGFYDGQQPVLAITDPDMIKTVLVKECYSVFTNRRPFGPVGFMKSAISIA
EDEEWKRLRSLLSPTFTSGKLKEMVPIIAQYGDVLVRNLRREAETGKPVTLKDVFGAYSM
DVITSTSFGVNIDSLNNPQDPFVENTKKLLRFDFLDPFFLSITVFPFLIPILEVLNICVF
PREVTNFLRKSVKRMKESRLEDTQKHRVDFLQLMIDSQNSKETESHKALSDLELVAQSII
FIFAGYETTSSVLSFIMYELATHPDVQQKLQEEIDAVLPNKAPPTYDTVLQMEYLDMVVN
ETLRLFPIAMRLERVCKKDVEINGMFIPKGWVVMIPSYALHRDPKYWTEPEKFLPERFSK
KNKDNIDPYIYTPFGSGPRNCIGMRFALMNMKLALIRVLQNFSFKPCKETQIPLKLSLGG
LLQPEKPVVLKVESRDGTVSGA
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 73
Target 1 Name Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. PGE receptor, EP1 subtype
  2. Prostanoid EP1 receptor
Target 1 Gene Name PTGER1
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP1 subtype 
MSPCGPLNLSLAGEATTCAAPWVPNTSAVPPSGASPALPIFSMTLGAVSNLLALALLAQA
AGRLRRRRSAATFLLFVASLLATDLAGHVIPGALVLRLYTAGRAPAGGACHFLGGCMVFF
GLCPLLLGCGMAVERCVGVTRPLLHAARVSVARARLALAAVAAVALAVALLPLARVGRYE
LQYPGTWCFIGLGPPGGWRQALLAGLFASLGLVALLAALVCNTLSGLALLRARWRRRSRR
PPPASGPDSRRRWGAHGPRSASASSASSIASASTFFGGSRSSGSARRARAHDVEMVGQLV
GIMVVSCICWSPMLVLVALAVGGWSSTSLQRPLFLAVRLASWNQILDPWVYILLRQAVLR
QLLRLLPPRAGAKGGPAGLGLTPSAWEASSLRSSRHSGLSHF
Target 1 Number of Residues 408
Target 1 Molecular Weight 41802
Target 1 Theoretical pI 12.22
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
icosanoid receptor activity
prostanoid receptor activity
prostaglandin receptor activity
prostaglandin E receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 1 General Function Involved in rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Target 1 Specific Function Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(q) proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. May play a role as an important modulator of renal function. Implicated the smooth muscle contractile response to PGE2 in various tissues
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 36-62
  • 73-96
  • 112-133
  • 156-177
  • 202-227
  • 295-321
  • 333-354
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 410209 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P34995 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PE2R1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1209 bp 
ATGAGCCCTTGCGGGCCCCTCAACCTGAGCCTGGCGGGCGAGGCGACCACATGCGCGGCG
CCCTGGGTCCCCAACACGTCGGCCGTGCCGCCGTCGGGCGCTTCGCCCGCGCTGCCCATC
TTCTCCATGACGCTGGGCGCCGTGTCCAACCTGCTGGCGCTGGCGCTGCTGGCGCAGGCC
GCGGGCCGCCTGCGACGCCGCCGCTCGGCCACCACCTTCCTGCTGTTCGTGGCCAGCCTG
CTGGCCACCGACCTGGCGGGCCACGTGATCCCGGGCGCGCTGGTGCTGCGTCTGTACACT
GCGGGGCGCGCTCCGGCCGGCGGGGCCTGCCACTTCCTGGGCGGCTGCATGGTCTTCTTC
GGCCTGTGCCCGCTGCTGCTGGGCTGTGGCATGGCCGTGGAGCGCTGCGTGGGCGTCACG
CGGCCGCTGCTCCACGCCGCGCGGGTCTCGGTCGCCCGCGCGCGCCTGGCGCTGGCCGCG
GTGGCCGCGGTGGCCTTGGCCGTGGCGCTGCTGCCGCTGGCGCGCGTGGGCCGCTATGAG
CTGCAGTACCCGGGCACGTGGTGCTTCATCGGCCTGGGTCCCCCGGGCGGCTGGCGCCAG
GCACTGCTTGCTGGCCTCTTCGCCAGCCTCGGCCTGGTCGCGCTCCTCGCCGCGCTGGTG
TGCAACACGCTCAGCGGCCTGGCCCTGCATCGCGCCCGCTGGCGACGCCGCTCCCGACGG
CCTCCCCCGGCCTCAGGCCCCGACAGCCGGCGTCGCTGGGGGGCGCACGGACCCCGCTCG
GCCTCCGCCTCGTCCGCCTCGTCCATCGCTTCGGCCTCCACCTTCTTTGGCGGCTCTCGG
AGCAGCGGCTCGGCACGCAGAGCTCGCGCCCACGACGTGGAGATGGTGGGCCAGCTTGTC
GGTATCATGGTGGTGTCGTGCATCTGCTGGAGCCCAATGCTGGTGTTGGTGGCGCTGGCC
GTCGGCGGCTGGAGCTCTACCTCCCTGCAGCGGCCACTGTTCCTGGCCGTGCGCCTTGCC
TCCTGGAACCAGATCCTGGACCCTTGGGTGTACATCCTACTGCGCCAGGCCGTGCTGCGC
CAACTGCTTCGCCTCTTGCCCCCGAGGGCCGGAGCCAAGGGCGGCCCCGCGGGGCTGGGC
CTAACACCGAGCGCCTGGGAGGCCAGCTCGCTGCGCAGCTCCCGGCACAGCGGCCTCAGC
CACTTCTAA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID PTGER1 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID PTGER1 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:9593 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 19
Target 1 Locus 19p13.1
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Funk CD, Furci L, FitzGerald GA, Grygorczyk R, Rochette C, Bayne MA, Abramovitz M, Adam M, Metters KM: Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human prostaglandin E receptor EP1 subtype. J Biol Chem. 1993 Dec 15;268(35):26767-72. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 198
Target 2 Name Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. Peripheral nerve sodium channel 3
  2. Sodium channel protein type X subunit alpha
  3. Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.8
  4. hPN3
Target 2 Gene Name SCN10A
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha 
MEFPIGSLETNNFRRFTPESLVEIEKQIAAKQGTKKAREKHREQKDQEEKPRPQLDLKAC
NQLPKFYGELPAELIGEPLEDLDPFYSTHRTFMVLNKGRTISRFSATRALWLFSPFNLIR
RTAIKVSVHSWFSLFITVTILVNCVCMTRTDLPEKIEYVFTVIYTFEALIKILARGFCLN
EFTYLRDPWNWLDFSVITLAYVGTAIDLRGISGLRTFRVLRALKTVSVIPGLKVIVGALI
HSVKKLADVTILTIFCLSVFALVGLQLFKGNLKNKCVKNDMAVNETTNYSSHRKPDIYIN
KRGTSDPLLCGNGSDSGHCPDGYICLKTSDNPDFNYTSFDSFAWAFLSLFRLMTQDSWER
LYQQTLRTSGKIYMIFFVLVIFLGSFYLVNLILAVVTMAYEEQNQATTDEIEAKEKKFQE
ALEMLRKEQEVLAALGIDTTSLHSHNGSPLTSKNASERRHRIKPRVSEGSTEDNKSPRSD
PYNQRRMSFLGLASGKRRASHGSVFHFRSPGRDISLPEGVTDDGVFPGDHESHRGSLLLG
GGAGQQGPLPRSPLPQPSNPDSRHGEDEHQPPPTSELAPGAVDVSAFDAGQKKTFLSAEY
LDEPFRAQRAMSVVSIITSVLEELEESEQKCPPCLTSLSQKYLIWDCCPMWVKLKTILFG
LVTDPFAELTITLCIVVNTIFMAMEHHGMSPTFEAMLQIGNIVFTIFFTAEMVFKIIAFD
PYYYFQKKWNIFDCIIVTVSLLELGVAKKGSLSVLRSFRLLRVFKLAKSWPTLNTLIKII
GNSVGALGNLTIILAIIVFVFALVGKQLLGENYRNNRKNISAPHEDWPRWHMHDFFHSFL
IVFRILCGEWIENMWACMEVGQKSICLILFLTVMVLGNLVVLNLFIALLLNSFSADNLTA
PEDDGEVNNLQVALARIQVFGHRTKQALCSFFSRSCPFPQPKAEPELVVKLPLSSSKAEN
HIAANTARGSSGGLQAPRGPRDEHSDFIANPTVWVSVPIAEGESDLDDLEDDGGEDAQSF
QQEVIPKGQQEQLQQVERCGDHLTPRSPGTGTSSEDLAPSLGETWKDESVPQAPAEGVDD
TSSSEGSTVDCLDPEEILRKIPELADDLEEPDDCFTEGCIRHCPCCKLDTTKSPWDVGWQ
VRKTCYRIVEHSWFESFIIFMILLSSGSLAFEDYYLDQKPTVKALLEYTDRVFTFIFVFE
MLLKWVAYGFKKYFTNAWCWLDFLIVNISLISLTAKILEYSEVAPIKALRTLRALRPLRA
LSRFEGMRVVVDALVGAIPSIMNVLLVCLIFWLIFSIMGVNLFAGKFWRCINYTDGEFSL
VPLSIVNNKSDCKIQNSTGSFFWVNVKVNFDNVAMGYLALLQVATFKGWMDIMYAAVDSR
EVNMQPKWEDNVYMYLYFVIFIIFGGFFTLNLFVGVIIDNFNQQKKKLGGQDIFMTEEQK
KYYNAMKKLGSKKPQKPIPRPLNKFQGFVFDIVTRQAFDITIMVLICLNMITMMVETDDQ
SEEKTKILGKINQFFVAVFTGECVMKMFALRQYYFTNGWNVFDFIVVVLSIASLIFSAIL
KSLQSYFSPTLFRVIRLARIGRILRLIRAAKGIRTLLFALMMSLPALFNIGLLLFLVMFI
YSIFGMSSFPHVRWEAGIDDMFNFQTFANSMLCLFQITTSAGWDGLLSPILNTGPPYCDP
NLPNSNGTRGDCGSPAVGIIFFTTYIIISFLIVVNMYIAVILENFNVATEESTEPLSEDD
FDMFYETWEKFDPEATQFITFSALSDFADTLSGPLRIPKPNRNILIQMDLPLVPGDKIHC
LDILFAFTKNVLGESGELDSLKANMEEKFMATNLSKSSYEPIATTLRWKQEDISATVIQK
AYRSYVLHRSMALSNTPCVPRAEEEAASLPDEGFVAFTANENCVLPDKSETASATSFPPS
YESVTRGLSDRVNMRTSSSIQNEDEATSMELIAPGP
Target 2 Number of Residues 1988
Target 2 Molecular Weight 220568
Target 2 Theoretical pI 5.77
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
voltage-gated ion channel activity
voltage-gated sodium channel activity
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
ion channel activity
Process
cation transport
monovalent inorganic cation transport
sodium ion transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
Component
protein complex
voltage-gated sodium channel complex
cell
membrane
Target 2 General Function Involved in ion channel activity
Target 2 Specific Function This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which sodium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel isoform. Its electrophysiological properties vary depending on the type of the associated beta subunits (in vitro). Plays a role in neuropathic pain mechanisms
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 126-149
  • 155-174
  • 188-206
  • 213-232
  • 249-272
  • 374-399
  • 660-684
  • 696-719
  • 728-747
  • 754-773
  • 790-810
  • 865-890
  • 1148-1171
  • 1185-1210
  • 1217-1238
  • 1243-1264
  • 1284-1311
  • 1392-1418
  • 1472-1495
  • 1507-1530
  • 1537-1560
  • 1573-1594
  • 1610-1632
  • 1698-1722
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 4838145 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9Y5Y9 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name SC10A_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein. It can be translocated to the extracellular membrane through
Target 2 Gene Sequence >5871 bp 
ATGGAATTCCCCATTGGATCCCTCGAAACTAACAACTTCCGTCGCTTTACTCCGGAGTCA
CTGGTGGAGATAGAGAAGCAAATTGCTGCCAAGCAGGGAACAAAGAAAGCCAGAGAGAAG
CATAGGGAGCAGAAGGACCAAGAAGAGAAGCCTCGGCCCCAGCTGGACTTGAAAGCCTGC
AACCAGCTGCCCAAGTTCTATGGTGAGCTCCCAGCAGAACTGATCGGGGAGCCCCTGGAG
GATCTAGATCCGTTCTACAGCACACACCGGACATTTATGGTGCTGAACAAAGGGAGGACC
ATTTCCCGGTTTAGTGCCACTCGGGCCCTGTGGCTATTCAGTCCTTTCAACCTGATCAGA
AGAACGGCCATCAAAGTGTCTGTCCACTCGTGGTTCAGTTTATTTATTACGGTCACTATT
TTGGTTAATTGTGTGTGCATGACCCGAACTGACCTTCCAGAGAAAATTGAATATGTCTTC
ACTGTCATTTACACCTTTGAAGCCTTGATAAAGATACTGGCAAGAGGATTTTGTCTAAAT
GAGTTCACGTACCTGAGAGATCCTTGGAACTGGCTGGATTTTAGCGTCATTACCCTGGCA
TATGTTGGCACAGCAATAGATCTCCGTGGGATCTCAGGCCTGCGGACATTCAGAGTTCTT
AGAGCATTAAAAACAGTTTCTGTGATCCCAGGCCTGAAGGTCATTGTGGGGGCCCTGATT
CACTCAGTGAAGAAACTGGCTGATGTGACCATCCTCACCATCTTCTGCCTAAGTGTTTTT
GCCTTGGTGGGGCTGCAACTCTTCAAGGGCAACCTCAAAAATAAATGTGTCAAGAATGAC
ATGGCTGTCAATGAGACAACCAACTACTCATCTCACAGAAAACCAGATATCTACATAAAT
AAGCGAGGCACTTCTGACCCCTTACTGTGTGGCAATGGATCTGACTCAGGCCACTGCCCT
GATGGTTATATCTGCCTTAAAACTTCTGACAACCCGGATTTTAACTACACCAGCTTTGAT
TCCTTTGCTTGGGCTTTCCTCTCACTGTTCCGCCTCATGACACAGGATTCCTGGGAACGC
CTCTACCAGCAGACCCTGAGGACTTCTGGGAAAATCTATATGATCTTTTTTGTGCTCGTA
ATCTTCCTGGGATCTTTCTACCTGGTCAACTTGATCTTGGCTGTAGTCACCATGGCGTAT
GAGGAGCAGAACCAGGCAACCACTGATGAAATTGAAGCAAAGGAGAAGAAGTTCCAGGAG
GCCCTCGAGATGCTCCGGAAGGAGCAGGAGGTGCTAGCAGCACTAGGGATTGACACAACC
TCTCTCCACTCCCACAATGGATCACCTTTAACCTCCAAAAATGCCAGTGAGAGAAGGCAT
AGAATAAAGCCAAGAGTGTCAGAGGGCTCCACAGAAGACAACAAATCACCCCGCTCTGAT
CCTTACAACCAGCGCAGGATGTCTTTTCTAGGCCTCGCCTCTGGAAAACGCCGGGCTAGT
CATGGCAGTGTGTTCCATTTCCGGTCCCCTGGCCGAGATATCTCACTCCCTGAGGGAGTC
ACAGATGATGGAGTCTTTCCTGGAGACCACGAAAGCCATCGGGGCTCTCTGCTGCTGGGT
GGGGGTGCTGGCCAGCAAGGCCCCCTCCCTAGAAGCCCTCTTCCTCAACCCAGCAACCCT
GACTCCAGGCATGGAGAAGATGAACACCAACCGCCGCCCACTAGTGAGCTTGCCCCTGGA
GCTGTCGATGTCTCGGCATTCGATGCAGGACAAAAGAAGACTTTCTTGTCAGCAGAATAC
TTAGATGAACCTTTCCGGGCCCAAAGGGCAATGAGTGTTGTCAGTATCATAACCTCCGTC
CTTGAGGAACTCGAGGAGTCTGAACAGAAGTGCCCACCCTGCTTGACCAGCTTGTCTCAG
AAGTATCTGATCTGGGATTGCTGCCCCATGTGGGTGAAGCTCAAGACAATTCTCTTTGGG
CTTGTGACGGATCCCTTTGCAGAGCTCACCATCACCTTGTGCATCGTGGTGAACACCATC
TTCATGGCCATGGAGCACCATGGCATGAGCCCTACCTTCGAAGCCATGCTCCAGATAGGC
AACATCGTCTTTACCATATTTTTTACTGCTGAAATGGTCTTCAAAATCATTGCCTTCGAC
CCATACTATTATTTCCAGAAGAAGTGGAATATCTTTGACTGCATCATCGTCACTGTGAGT
CTGCTAGAGCTGGGCGTGGCCAAGAAGGGAAGCCTGTCTGTGCTGCGGAGCTTCCGCTTG
CTGCGCGTATTCAAGCTGGCCAAATCCTGGCCCACCTTAAACACACTCATCAAGATCATC
GGAAACTCAGTGGGGGCACTGGGGAACCTCACCATCATCCTGGCCATCATTGTCTTTGTC
TTTGCTCTGGTTGGCAAGCAGCTCCTAGGGGAAAACTACCGTAACAACCGAAAAAATATC
TCCGCGCCCCATGAAGACTGGCCCCGCTGGCACATGCACGACTTCTTCCACTCTTTCCTC
ATTGTCTTCCGTATCCTCTGTGGAGAGTGGATTGAGAACATGTGGGCCTGCATGGAAGTT
GGCCAAAAATCCATATGCCTCATCCTTTTCTTGACGGTGATGGTGCTAGGGAACCTGGTG
GTGCTTAACCTGTTCATCGCCCTGCTATTGAACTCTTTCAGTGCTGACAACCTCACAGCC
CCGGAGGACGATGGGGAGGTGAACAACCTGCAGGTGGCCCTGGCACGGATCCAGGTCTTT
GGCCATCGTACCAAACAGGCTCTTTGCAGCTTCTTCAGCAGGTCCTGCCCATTCCCCCAG
CCCAAGGCAGAGCCTGAGCTGGTGGTGAAACTCCCACTCTCCAGCTCCAAGGCTGAGAAC
CACATTGCTGCCAACACTGCCAGGGGGAGCTCTGGAGGGCTCCAAGCTCCCAGAGGCCCC
AGGGATGAGCACAGTGACTTCATCGCTAATCCGACTGTGTGGGTCTCTGTGCCCATTGCT
GAGGGTGAATCTGATCTTGATGACTTGGAGGATGATGGTGGGGAAGATGCTCAGAGCTTC
CAGCAGGAAGTGATCCCCAAAGGACAGCAGGAGCAGCTGCAGCAAGTCGAGAGGTGTGGG
GACCACCTGACACCCAGGAGCCCAGGCACTGGAACATCTTCTGAGGACCTGGCTCCATCC
CTGGGTGAGACGTGGAAAGATGAGTCTGTTCCTCAGGCCCCTGCTGAGGGAGTGGACGAC
ACAAGCTCCTCTGAGGGCAGCACGGTGGACTGCCTAGATCCTGAGGAAATCCTGAGGAAG
ATCCCTGAGCTGGCAGATGACCTGGAAGAACCAGATGACTGCTTCACAGAAGGATGCATT
CGCCACTGTCCCTGCTGCAAACTGGATACCACCAAGAGTCCATGGGATGTGGGCTGGCAG
GTGCGCAAGACTTGCTACCGTATCGTGGAGCACAGCTGGTTTGAGAGCTTCATCATCTTC
ATGATCCTGCTCAGCAGTGGATCTCTGGCCTTTGAAGACTATTACCTGGACCAGAAGCCC
ACGGTGAAAGCTTTGCTGGAGTACACTGACAGGGTCTTCACCTTTATCTTTGTGTTCGAG
ATGCTGCTTAAGTGGGTGGCCTATGGCTTCAAAAAGTACTTCACCAATGCCTGGTGCTGG
CTGGACTTCCTCATTGTGAATATCTCACTGATAAGTCTCACAGCGAAGATTCTGGAATAT
TCTGAAGTGGCTCCCATCAAAGCCCTTCGAACCCTTCGCGCTCTGCGGCCACTGCGGGCT
CTTTCTCGATTTGAAGGCATGCGGGTGGTGGTGGATGCCCTGGTGGGCGCCATCCCATCC
ATCATGAATGTCCTCCTCGTCTGCCTCATCTTCTGGCTCATCTTCAGCATCATGGGTGTG
AACCTCTTCGCAGGGAAGTTTTGGAGGTGCATCAACTATACCGATGGAGAGTTTTCCCTT
GTACCTTTGTCGATTGTGAATAACAAGTCTGACTGCAAGATTCAAAACTCCACTGGCAGC
TTCTTCTGGGTCAATGTGAAAGTCAACTTTGATAATGTTGCAATGGGTTACCTTGCACTT
CTGCAGGTGGCAACCTTTAAAGGCTGGATGGACATTATGTATGCAGCTGTTGATTCCCGG
GAGGTCAACATGCAACCCAAGTGGGAGGACAACGTGTACATGTATTTGTACTTTGTCATC
TTCATCATTTTTGGAGGCTTCTTCACACTGAATCTCTTTGTTGGGGTCATAATTGACAAC
TTCAATCAACAGAAAAAAAAGTTAGGGGGCCAGGACATCTTCATGACAGAGGAGCAGAAG
AAATACTACAATGCCATGAAGAAGTTGGGCTCCAAGAAGCCCCAGAAGCCCATCCCACGG
CCCCTGAACAAGTTCCAGGGTTTTGTCTTTGACATCGTGACCAGACAAGCTTTTGACATC
ACCATCATGGTCCTCATCTGCCTCAACATGATCACCATGATGGTGGAGACTGATGACCAA
AGTGAAGAAAAGACGAAAATTCTGGGCAAAATCAACCAGTTCTTTGTGGCCGTCTTCACA
GGCGAATGTGTCATGAAGATGTTCGCTTTGAGGCAGTACTACTTCACAAATGGCTGGAAT
GTGTTTGACTTCATTGTGGTGGTTCTCTCCATTGCGAGCCTGATTTTTTCTGCAATTCTT
AAGTCACTTCAAAGTTACTTCTCCCCAACGCTCTTCAGAGTCATCCGCCTGGCCCGAATT
GGCCGCATCCTCAGACTGATCCGAGCGGCCAAGGGGATCCGCACACTGCTCTTTGCCCTC
ATGATGTCCCTGCCTGCCCTCTTCAACATCGGGCTGTTGCTATTCCTTGTCATGTTCATC
TACTCCATCTTCGGTATGTCCAGCTTTCCCCATGTGAGGTGGGAGGCTGGCATCGACGAC
ATGTTCAACTTCCAGACCTTCGCCAACAGCATGCTGTGCCTCTTCCAGATTACCACGTCG
GCCGGCTGGGATGGCCTCCTCAGCCCCATCCTCAACACAGGGCCCCCCTACTGTGACCCC
AATCTGCCCAACAGCAATGGCACCAGAGGGGACTGTGGGAGCCCAGCCGTAGGCATCATC
TTCTTCACCACCTACATCATCATCTCCTTCCTCATCGTGGTCAACATGTACATTGCAGTG
ATTCTGGAGAACTTCAATGTGGCCACGGAGGAGAGCACTGAGCCTCTGAGTGAGGACGAC
TTTGACATGTTCTATGAGACCTGGGAGAAGTTTGACCCAGAGGCCACTCAGTTTATTACC
TTTTCTGCTCTCTCGGACTTTGCAGACACTCTCTCTGGTCCCCTGAGAATCCCAAAACCC
AATCGAAATATACTGATCCAGATGGACCTGCCTTTGGTCCCTGGAGATAAGATCCACTGC
TTGGACATCCTTTTTGCTTTCACCAAGAATGTCCTAGGAGAATCCGGGGAGTTGGATTCT
CTGAAGGCAAATATGGAGGAGAAGTTTATGGCAACTAATCTTTCAAAATCATCCTATGAA
CCAATAGCAACCACTCTCCGATGGAAGCAAGAAGACATTTCAGCCACTGTCATTCAAAAG
GCCTATCGGAGCTATGTGCTGCACCGCTCCATGGCACTCTCTAACACCCCATGTGTGCCC
AGAGCTGAGGAGGAGGCTGCATCACTCCCAGATGAAGGTTTTGTTGCATTCACAGCAAAT
GAAAATTGTGTACTCCCAGACAAATCTGAAACTGCTTCTGCCACATCATTCCCACCGTCC
TATGAGAGTGTCACTAGAGGCCTTAGTGATAGAGTCAACATGAGGACATCTAGCTCAATA
CAAAATGAAGATGAAGCCACCAGTATGGAGCTGATTGCCCCTGGGCCCTAG
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID SCN10A Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID SCN10A Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:10582 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 3
Target 2 Locus 3p22-p21
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Rabert DK, Koch BD, Ilnicka M, Obernolte RA, Naylor SL, Herman RC, Eglen RM, Hunter JC, Sangameswaran L: A tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel from human dorsal root ganglia, hPN3/SCN10A. Pain. 1998 Nov;78(2):107-14. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.