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Showing drug card for Duloxetine (DB00476)

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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:06:32
Primary Accession Number DB00476
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00060
Name Duloxetine
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description Duloxetine (brand names Cymbalta, Yentreve, and in parts of Europe, Xeristar or Ariclaim) is a drug which primarily targets major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pain related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy and in some countries stress urinary incontinence (SUI). It is manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine has not yet been FDA approved for stress urinary incontinence or for fibromyalgia. Duloxetine is a selective SNRI (selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor). Duloxetine is a systemic drug therapy which affects the body as a whole. Known also under the code name LY248686, it is a potent dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), possessing comparable affinities in binding to NE- and 5-HT transporter sites. It is a less potent inhibitor of dopamine reuptake.
Synonyms
  1. (+-)-duloxetine
  2. Duloxetine HCl
  3. Duloxetine Hydrochloride
Brand Names
  1. Cymbalta
  2. Yentreve
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name (3S)-N-methyl-3-naphthalen-1-yloxy-3-thiophen-2-ylpropan-1-amine
Chemical Formula C18H19NOS
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 136434-34-9
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C18H19NOS/c1-19-12-11-17(18-10-5-13-21-18)20-16-9-4-7-14-6-2-3-8-15(14)16/h2-10,13,17,19H,11-12H2,1H3/t17-/m0/s1
InChI Key ZEUITGRIYCTCEM-KRWDZBQOBW
KEGG Drug D01179 Link Image
KEGG Compound Not Available
PubChem Compound 60835 Link Image
PubChem Substance 704934 Link Image
ChEBI ID 36795 Link Image
PharmGKB ID PA10066 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] Not Available
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/cymbalta.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duloxetine Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 297.4150
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 297.1187
State Solid
Melting Point Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility 0.00296 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 2.96e-03 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 4 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 4.72 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -5.00 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES CNCC[C@H](OC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C1=CC=CS1
Canonical SMILES CNCCC(OC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C1=CC=CS1
Drug Category
  • Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors
  • Antidepressive Agents
  • Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors
  • Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes Not Available
Indication For the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).
Pharmacology Duloxetine is in a class of medications called selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs) and primarily targets major depressive disorders (MDD) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Duloxetine is also used to treat pain and tingling caused by diabetic neuropathy (damage to nerves that can develop in people who have diabetes). Known also as LY248686, it is a potent dual inhibitor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, possessing comparable affinities in binding to NE and 5-HT transport sites. Interestingly, its behavior contrasts to most other dual-reuptake inhibitors. Furthermore, duloxentine lacks affinity for monoamine receptors within the central nervous system.
Mechanism of Action Duloxetine is a potent inhibitor of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and a less potent inhibitor of dopamine reuptake. Duloxetine has no significant affinity for dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, opioid, glutamate, and GABA receptors. The antidepressant and pain inhibitory actions of duloxetine are believed to be related to its potentiation of serotonergic and noradrenergic activity in the CNS.
Absorption Orally administered duloxetine hydrochloride is well absorbed.
Toxicity Oral, rat LD50: 491 mg/kg for males and 279 mg/kg for females. Symptoms of overdose include tremors, convulsions, reduced activity, slow pupillary response, intermittent tremors, and rigidity.
Protein Binding Protein binding is greater than 90%.
Biotransformation The major biotransformation pathways for duloxetine involve oxidation of the naphthyl ring followed by conjugation and further oxidation. Both CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 catalyze the oxidation of the naphthyl ring in vitro. Metabolites found in plasma include 4-hydroxy duloxetine glucuronide and 5-hydroxy, 6-methoxy duloxetine sulfate. The major circulating metabolites have not been shown to contribute significantly to the pharmacologic activity of duloxetine.
Half Life 12 hours (range 8-17 hours)
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Capsule, coated pellets Oral
Patient Information Not Available
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Amitriptyline Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine
Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin increases the effect/toxicity of duloxetine
Desipramine Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine
Flecainide Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine
Fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of duloxetine
Imipramine Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine
Isocarboxazid Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Nortriptyline Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine
Phenelzine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Propafenone Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine
Rasagiline Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Thioridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Tranylcypromine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Food Interactions
  • Food does not affect maximum levels reached, but delays it (from 6 to 10 hours) and total product exposure appears to be reduced by only 10%.
  • People taking this product who drink large amounts of alcohol are exposed to a higher risk of liver toxicity.
  • Take without regard to meals.
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Turcotte JE, Debonnel G, de Montigny C, Hebert C, Blier P: Assessment of the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake blocking properties of duloxetine in healthy subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 May;24(5):511-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Anttila S, Leinonen E: Duloxetine Eli Lilly. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002 Aug;3(8):1217-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Drugs.com Link Image
  4. Wikipedia Link Image
  5. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
  2. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Targets
  1. Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
  2. Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
  3. Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP1A2
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P05177 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >P05177|CP1A2_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 1A2 - Homo sapiens (Human). 
MALSQSVPFSATELLLASAIFCLVFWVLKGLRPRVPKGLKSPPEPWGWPLLGHVLTLGKN
PHLALSRMSQRYGDVLQIRIGSTPVLVLSRLDTIRQALVRQGDDFKGRPDLYTSTLITDG
QSLTFSTDSGPVWAARRRLAQNALNTFSIASDPASSSSCYLEEHVSKEAKALISRLQELM
AGPGHFDPYNQVVVSVANVIGAMCFGQHFPESSDEMLSLVKNTHEFVETASSGNPLDFFP
ILRYLPNPALQRFKAFNQRFLWFLQKTVQEHYQDFDKNSVRDITGALFKHSKKGPRASGN
LIPQEKIVNLVNDIFGAGFDTVTTAISWSLMYLVTKPEIQRKIQKELDTVIGRERRPRLS
DRPQLPYLEAFILETFRHSSFLPFTIPHSTTRDTTLNGFYIPKKCCVFVNQWQVNHDPEL
WEDPSEFRPERFLTADGTAINKPLSEKMMLFGMGKRRCIGEVLAKWEIFLFLAILLQQLE
FSVPPGVKVDLTPIYGLTMKHARCEHVQARRFSIN
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 Name Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Enzyme 2 Gene Name CYP2D6
Enzyme 2 SwissProt ID P10635 Link Image
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >sp|P10635|CP2D6_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2D6 (EC 1.14.14.1) 
MGLEALVPLAVIVAIFLLLVDLMHRRQRWAARYPPGPLPLPGLGNLLHVDFQNTPYCFDQ
LRRRFGDVFSLQLAWTPVVVLNGLAAVREALVTHGEDTADRPPVPITQILGFGPRSQGVF
LARYGPAWREQRRFSVSTLRNLGLGKKSLEQWVTEEAACLCAAFANHSGRPFRPNGLLDK
AVSNVIASLTCGRRFEYDDPRFLRLLDLAQEGLKEESGFLREVLNAVPVLLHIPALAGKV
LRFQKAFLTQLDELLTEHRMTWDPAQPPRDLTEAFLAEMEKAKGNPESSFNDENLRIVVA
DLFSAGMVTTSTTLAWGLLLMILHPDVQRRVQQEIDDVIGQVRRPEMGDQAHMPYTTAVI
HEVQRFGDIVPLGMTHMTSRDIEVQGFRIPKGTTLITNLSSVLKDEAVWEKPFRFHPEHF
LDAQGHFVKPEAFLPFSAGRRACLGEPLARMELFLFFTSLLQHFSFSVPTGQPRPSHHGV
FAFLVSPSPYELCAVPR
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 540
Target 1 Name Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. NET
  2. Norepinephrine transporter
Target 1 Gene Name SLC6A2
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 
MLLARMNPQVQPENNGADTGPEQPLRARKTAELLVVKERNGVQCLLAPRDGDAQPRETWG
KKIDFLLSVVGFAVDLANVWRFPYLCYKNGGGAFLIPYTLFLIIAGMPLFYMELALGQYN
REGAATVWKICPFFKGVGYAVILIALYVGFYYNVIIAWSLYYLFSSFTLNLPWTDCGHTW
NSPNCTDPKLLNGSVLGNHTKYSKYKFTPAAEFYERGVLHLHESSGIHDIGLPQWQLLLC
LMVVVIVLYFSLWKGVKTSGKVVWITATLPYFVLFVLLVHGVTLPGASNGINAYLHIDFY
RLKEATVWIDAATQIFFSLGAGFGVLIAFASYNKFDNNCYRDALLTSSINCITSFVSGFA
IFSILGYMAHEHKVNIEDVATEGAGLVFILYPEAISTLSGSTFWAVVFFVMLLALGLDSS
MGGMEAVITGLADDFQVLKRHRKLFTFGVTFSTFLLALFCITKGGIYVLTLLDTFAAGTS
ILFAVLMEAIGVSWFYGVDRFSNDIQQMMGFRPGLYWRLCWKFVSPAFLLFVVVVSIINF
KPLTYDDYIFPPWANWVGWGIALSSMVLVPIYVIYKFLSTQGSLWERLAYGITPENEHHL
VAQRDIRQFQLQHWLAI
Target 1 Number of Residues 627
Target 1 Molecular Weight 69333
Target 1 Theoretical pI 7.53
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
transporter activity
neurotransmitter transporter activity
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Process
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
neurotransmitter transport
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
integral to plasma membrane
Target 1 General Function Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Target 1 Specific Function Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 65-85
  • 93-112
  • 136-156
  • 235-253
  • 262-279
  • 315-332
  • 344-365
  • 398-417
  • 444-462
  • 478-498
  • 519-538
  • 557-575
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 189258 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P23975 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name SC6A2_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1854 bp 
ATGCTTCTGGCGCGGATGAACCCGCAGGTGCAGCCCGAGAACAACGGGGCGGACACGGGT
CCAGAGCAGCCCCTTCGGGCGCGCAAAACTGCGGAGCTGCTGGTGGTGAAGGAGCGCAAC
GGCGTCCAGTGCCTGCTGGCGCCCCGCGACGGCGACGCGCAGCCCCGGGAGACCTGGGGC
AAGAAGATCGACTTCCTGCTGTCCGTAGTCGGCTTCGCAGTGGACCTGGCCAACGTGTGG
CGCTTCCCCTACCTCTGCTACAAGAACGGCGGCGGTGCCTTCTTGATCCCGTACACACTG
TTCCTTATCATCGCGGGGATGCCCCTGTTCTACATGGAGCTGGCTCTGGGACAGTACAAC
CGGGAGGGGGCTGCCACCGTTTGGAAAATCTGCCCATTCTTCAAAGGCGTTGGCTATGCT
GTCATCCTGATCGCCCTGTACGTTGGCTTCTACTACAACGTCATCATCGCCTGGTCACTC
TACTACCTCTTCTCCTCCTTCACCCTCAACCTGCCCTGGACCGACTGTGGCCACACCTGG
AACAGCCCCAACTGTACCGACCCCAAGCTCCTCAATGGCTCCGTGCTTGGCAACCACACC
AAGTACTCCAAGTACAAGTTCACGCCGGCAGCCGAGTTTTATGAGCGTGGTGTCCTGCAC
CTTCACGAGAGCAGCGGGATTCATGACATCGGCCTGCCCCAGTGGCAGCTCTTGCTCTGT
CTGATGGTCGTCGTCATCGTCTTGTATTTTAGCCTCTGGAAAGGGGTGAAGACATCAGGA
AAGGTGGTGTGGATCACAGCCACGCTGCCTTACTTCGTGCTGTTCGTGCTCCTGGTCCAT
GGCGTCACGCTGCCCGGAGCCTCCAATGGCATCAATGCCTACCTGCACATCGACTTCTAC
CGCTTGAAAGAGGCCACGGTATGGATTGATGCCGCAACTCAGATATTTTTTTCCTTGGGG
GCTGGATTTGGAGTATTGATTGCATTTGCCAGTTACAACAAATTTGACAACAACTGTTAC
AGGGATGCCCTGCTGACCAGCAGCATCAACTGTATCACCAGCTTCGTCTCTGGGTTCGCC
ATCTTCTCCATCCTTGGTTACATGGCCCATGAACACAAGGTCAACATTGAGGATGTGGCC
ACAGAAGGAGCTGGCCTAGTGTTCATCCTGTATCCAGAGGCCATTTCTACCCTGTCTGGA
TCTACATTCTGGGCTGTTGTGTTTTTCGTCATGCTCCTGGCGCTGGGCCTTGACAGCTCA
ATGGGAGGCATGGAGGCTGTCATCACGGGCCTGGCAGATGACTTCCAGGTCCTGAAGCGA
CACCGGAAACTCTTCACATTTGGCGTCACCTTCAGCACTTTCCTTCTCGCCCTGTTCTGC
ATAACCAAGGGTGGAATTTACGTCTTGACCCTCCTGGACACCTTTGCTGCGGGCACCTCC
ATCCTTTTTGCTGTCCTCATGGAAGCCATCGGAGTTTCCTGGTTTTATGGAGTGGACAGG
TTCAGCAACGACATCCAGCAGATGATGGGGTTCAGGCCGGGTCTATACTGGAGACTGTGC
TGGAAGTTCGTCAGTCCTGCCTTCCTCCTGTTCGTGGTTGTGGTCAGCATCATCAACTTC
AAGCCACTCACCTACGACGACTACATCTTCCCGCCCTGGGCCAACTGGGTGGGGTGGGGC
ATCGCCCTGTCCTCCATGGTCCTGGTGCCCATCTACGTCATCTATAAGTTCCTCAGCACG
CAGGGCTCTCTTTGGGAGAGACTGGCCTATGGCATCACGCCAGAGAACGAGCACCACCTG
GTGGCTCAGAGGGACATCAGACAGTTCCAGTTGCAACACTGGCTGGCCATCTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID SLC6A2 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID SLC6A2 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:11048 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 16
Target 1 Locus 16q12.2
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Shannon JR, Flattem NL, Jordan J, Jacob G, Black BK, Biaggioni I, Blakely RD, Robertson D: Orthostatic intolerance and tachycardia associated with norepinephrine-transporter deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2000 Feb 24;342(8):541-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Torres GE, Yao WD, Mohn AR, Quan H, Kim KM, Levey AI, Staudinger J, Caron MG: Functional interaction between monoamine plasma membrane transporters and the synaptic PDZ domain-containing protein PICK1. Neuron. 2001 Apr;30(1):121-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Pacholczyk T, Blakely RD, Amara SG: Expression cloning of a cocaine- and antidepressant-sensitive human noradrenaline transporter. Nature. 1991 Mar 28;350(6316):350-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Porzgen P, Bonisch H, Bruss M: Molecular cloning and organization of the coding region of the human norepinephrine transporter gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Oct 24;215(3):1145-50. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Vaishnavi SN, Nemeroff CB, Plott SJ, Rao SG, Kranzler J, Owens MJ: Milnacipran: a comparative analysis of human monoamine uptake and transporter binding affinity. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Feb 1;55(3):320-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Vincent S, Bieck PR, Garland EM, Loghin C, Bymaster FP, Black BK, Gonzales C, Potter WZ, Robertson D: Clinical assessment of norepinephrine transporter blockade through biochemical and pharmacological profiles. Circulation. 2004 Jun 29;109(25):3202-7. Epub 2004 Jun 7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Schou M, Halldin C, Pike VW, Mozley PD, Dobson D, Innis RB, Farde L, Hall H: Post-mortem human brain autoradiography of the norepinephrine transporter using (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Oct;15(5):517-20. Epub 2005 Apr 7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gould GG, Javors MA, Frazer A: Effect of chronic administration of duloxetine on serotonin and norepinephrine transporter binding sites in rat brain. Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Jan 15;61(2):210-5. Epub 2006 May 2. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Beique JC, Lavoie N, de Montigny C, Debonnel G: Affinities of venlafaxine and various reuptake inhibitors for the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998 May 15;349(1):129-32. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 713
Target 2 Name Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. DA transporter
  2. DAT
Target 2 Gene Name SLC6A3
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 
MSKSKCSVGLMSSVVAPAKEPNAVGPKEVELILVKEQNGVQLTSSTLTNPRQSPVEAQDR
ETWGKKIDFLLSVIGFAVDLANVWRFPYLCYKNGGGAFLVPYLLFMVIAGMPLFYMELAL
GQFNREGAAGVWKICPILKGVGFTVILISLYVGFFYNVIIAWALHYLFSSFTTELPWIHC
NNSWNSPNCSDAHPGDSSGDSSGLNDTFGTTPAAEYFERGVLHLHQSHGIDDLGPPRWQL
TACLVLVIVLLYFSLWKGVKTSGKVVWITATMPYVVLTALLLRGVTLPGAIDGIRAYLSV
DFYRLCEASVWIDAATQVCFSLGVGFGVLIAFSSYNKFTNNCYRDAIVTTSINSLTSFSS
GFVVFSFLGYMAQKHSVPIGDVAKDGPGLIFIIYPEAIATLPLSSAWAVVFFIMLLTLGI
DSAMGGMESVITGLIDEFQLLHRHRELFTLFIVLATFLLSLFCVTNGGIYVFTLLDHFAA
GTSILFGVLIEAIGVAWFYGVGQFSDDIQQMTGQRPSLYWRLCWKLVSPCFLLFVVVVSI
VTFRPPHYGAYIFPDWANALGWVIATSSMAMVPIYAAYKFCSLPGSFREKLAYAIAPEKD
RELVDRGEVRQFTLRHWLKV
Target 2 Number of Residues 630
Target 2 Molecular Weight 68496
Target 2 Theoretical pI 6.92
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
transporter activity
neurotransmitter transporter activity
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
dopamine:sodium symporter activity
Process
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
neurotransmitter transport
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
integral to plasma membrane
Target 2 General Function Involved in dopamine:sodium symporter activity
Target 2 Specific Function Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 69-89
  • 96-116
  • 140-160
  • 238-256
  • 265-282
  • 318-335
  • 347-368
  • 401-420
  • 447-465
  • 481-501
  • 522-541
  • 560-578
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 553260 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q01959 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name SC6A3_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 2 Gene Sequence >1863 bp 
ATGAGTAAGAGCAAATGCTCCGTGGGACTCATGTCTTCCGTGGTGGCCCCGGCTAAGGAG
CCCAATGCCGTGGGCCCGAAGGAGGTGGAGCTCATCCTTGTCAAGGAGCAGAACGGAGTG
CAGCTCACCAGCTCCACCCTCACCAACCCGCGGCAGAGCCCCGTGGAGGCCCAGGATCGG
GAGACCTGGGGCAAGAAGATCGACTTTCTCCTGTCCGTCATTGGCTTTGCTGTGGACCTG
GCCAACGTCTGGCGGTTCCCCTACCTGTGCTACAAAAATGGTGGCGGTGCCTTCCTGGTC
CCCTACCTGCTCTTCATGGTCATTGCTGGGATGCCACTTTTCTACATGGAGCTGGCCCTC
GGCCAGTTCAACAGGGAAGGGGCCGCTGGTGTCTGGAAGATCTGCCCCATACTGAAAGGT
GTGGGCTTCACGGTCATCCTCATCTCACTGTATGTCGGCTTCTTCTACAACGTCATCATC
GCCTGGGCGCTGCACTATCTCTTCTCCTCCTTCACCACGGAGCTCCCCTGGATCCACTGC
AACAACTCCTGGAACAGCCCCAACTGCTCGGATGCCCATCCTGGTGACTCCAGTGGAGAC
AGCTCGGGCCTCAACGACACTTTTGGGACCACACCTGCTGCCGAGTACTTTGAACGTGGC
GTGCTGCACCTCCACCAGAGCCATGGCATCGACGACCTGGGGCCTCCGCGGTGGCAGCTC
ACAGCCTGCCTGGTGCTGGTCATCGTGCTGCTCTACTTCAGCCTCTGGAAGGGCGTGAAG
ACCTCAGGGAAGGTGGTATGGATCACAGCCACCATGCCATACGTGGTCCTCACTGCCCTG
CTCCTGCGTGGGGTCACCCTCCCTGGAGCCATAGACGGCATCAGAGCATACCTGAGCGTT
GACTTCTACCGGCTCTGCGAGGCGTCTGTTTGGATTGACGCGGCCACCCAGGTGTGCTTC
TCCCTGGGCGTGGGGTTCGGGGTGCTGATCGCCTTCTCCAGCTACAACAAGTTCACCAAC
AACTGCTACAGGGACGCGATTGTCACCACCTCCATCAACTCCCTGACGAGCTTCTCCTCC
GGCTTCGTCGTCTTCTCCTTCCTGGGGTACATGGCACAGAAGCACAGTGTGCCCATCGGG
GACGTGGCCAAGGACGGGCCAGGGCTGATCTTCATCATCTACCCGGAAGCCATCGCCACG
CTCCCTCTGTCCTCAGCCTGGGCCGTGGTCTTCTTCATCATGCTGCTCACCCTGGGTATC
GACAGCGCCATGGGTGGTATGGAGTCAGTGATCACCGGGCTCATCGATGAGTTCCAGCTG
CTGCACAGACACCGTGAGCTCTTCACGCTCTTCATCGTCCTGGCGACCTTCCTCCTGTCC
CTGTTCTGCGTCACCAACGGTGGCATCTACGTCTTCACGCTCCTGGACCATTTTGCAGCC
GGCACGTCCATCCTCTTTGGAGTGCTCATCGAAGCCATCGGAGTGGCCTGGTTCTATGGT
GTTGGGCAGTTCAGCGACGACATCCAGCAGATGACCGGGCAGCGGCCCAGCCTGTACTGG
CGGCTGTGCTGGAAGCTGGTCAGCCCCTGCTTTCTCCTGTTCGTGGTCGTGGTCAGCATT
GTGACCTTCAGACCCCCCCACTACGGAGCCTACATCTTCCCCGACTGGGCCAACGCGCTG
GGCTGGGTCATCGCCACATCCTCCATGGCCATGGTGCCCATCTATGCGGCCTACAAGTTC
TGCAGCCTGCCTGGGTCCTTTCGAGAGAAACTGGCCTACGCCATTGCACCCGAGAAGGAC
CGTGAGCTGGTGGACAGAGGGGAGGTGCGCCAGTTCACGCTCCGCCACTGGCTCAAGGTG
TAG
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID SLC6A3 Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID SLC6A3 Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:11049 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 5
Target 2 Locus 5p15.3
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Vandenbergh DJ, Thompson MD, Cook EH, Bendahhou E, Nguyen T, Krasowski MD, Zarrabian D, Comings D, Sellers EM, Tyndale RF, George SR, O'Dowd BF, Uhl GR: Human dopamine transporter gene: coding region conservation among normal, Tourette's disorder, alcohol dependence and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder populations. Mol Psychiatry. 2000 May;5(3):283-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Greenwood TA, Alexander M, Keck PE, McElroy S, Sadovnick AD, Remick RA, Kelsoe JR: Evidence for linkage disequilibrium between the dopamine transporter and bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet. 2001 Mar 8;105(2):145-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Torres GE, Yao WD, Mohn AR, Quan H, Kim KM, Levey AI, Staudinger J, Caron MG: Functional interaction between monoamine plasma membrane transporters and the synaptic PDZ domain-containing protein PICK1. Neuron. 2001 Apr;30(1):121-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Bannon MJ, Poosch MS, Xia Y, Goebel DJ, Cassin B, Kapatos G: Dopamine transporter mRNA content in human substantia nigra decreases precipitously with age. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):7095-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Vandenbergh DJ, Persico AM, Uhl GR: A human dopamine transporter cDNA predicts reduced glycosylation, displays a novel repetitive element and provides racially-dimorphic TaqI RFLPs. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1992 Sep;15(1-2):161-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Giros B, el Mestikawy S, Godinot N, Zheng K, Han H, Yang-Feng T, Caron MG: Cloning, pharmacological characterization, and chromosome assignment of the human dopamine transporter. Mol Pharmacol. 1992 Sep;42(3):383-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Donovan DM, Vandenbergh DJ, Perry MP, Bird GS, Ingersoll R, Nanthakumar E, Uhl GR: Human and mouse dopamine transporter genes: conservation of 5'-flanking sequence elements and gene structures. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1995 Jun;30(2):327-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Pristupa ZB, Wilson JM, Hoffman BJ, Kish SJ, Niznik HB: Pharmacological heterogeneity of the cloned and native human dopamine transporter: disassociation of [3H]WIN 35,428 and [3H]GBR 12,935 binding. Mol Pharmacol. 1994 Jan;45(1):125-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Kawarai T, Kawakami H, Yamamura Y, Nakamura S: Structure and organization of the gene encoding human dopamine transporter. Gene. 1997 Aug 11;195(1):11-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 824
Target 3 Name Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. 5HT transporter
  2. 5HTT
Target 3 Gene Name SLC6A4
Target 3 Protein Sequence >Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter 
METTPLNSQKQLSACEDGEDCQENGVLQKVVPTPGDKVESGQISNGYSAVPSPGAGDDTR
HSIPATTTTLVAELHQGERETWGKKVDFLLSVIGYAVDLGNVWRFPYICYQNGGGAFLLP
YTIMAIFGGIPLFYMELALGQYHRNGCISIWRKICPIFKGIGYAICIIAFYIASYYNTIM
AWALYYLISSFTDQLPWTSCKNSWNTGNCTNYFSEDNITWTLHSTSPAEEFYTRHVLQIH
RSKGLQDLGGISWQLALCIMLIFTVIYFSIWKGVKTSGKVVWVTATFPYIILSVLLVRGA
TLPGAWRGVLFYLKPNWQKLLETGVWIDAAAQIFFSLGPGFGVLLAFASYNKFNNNCYQD
ALVTSVVNCMTSFVSGFVIFTVLGYMAEMRNEDVSEVAKDAGPSLLFITYAEAIANMPAS
TFFAIIFFLMLITLGLDSTFAGLEGVITAVLDEFPHVWAKRRERFVLAVVITCFFGSLVT
LTFGGAYVVKLLEEYATGPAVLTVALIEAVAVSWFYGITQFCRDVKEMLGFSPGWFWRIC
WVAISPLFLLFIICSFLMSPPQLRLFQYNYPYWSIILGYCIGTSSFICIPTYIAYRLIIT
PGTFKERIIKSITPETPTEIPCGDIRLNAV
Target 3 Number of Residues 640
Target 3 Molecular Weight 70325
Target 3 Theoretical pI 6.17
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
transporter activity
neurotransmitter transporter activity
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Process
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
neurotransmitter transport
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
integral to plasma membrane
Target 3 General Function Involved in serotonin:sodium symporter activity
Target 3 Specific Function Terminates the action of serotonine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals
Target 3 Pathways Not Available
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function
Target 3 Signals
  • None
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • 88-108
  • 116-135
  • 160-180
  • 253-271
  • 280-297
  • 333-350
  • 362-383
  • 417-436
  • 464-482
  • 498-518
  • 539-558
  • 577-595
Target 3 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein 36433 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P31645 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name SC6A4_HUMAN Link Image
Target 3 PDB ID Not Available
Target 3 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 3 Gene Sequence >1893 bp 
ATGGAGACGACGCCCTTGAATTCTCAGAAGCAGCTATCAGCGTGTGAAGATGGAGAAGAT
TGTCAGGAAAACGGAGTTCTACAGAAGGTTGTTCCCACCCCAGGGGACAAAGTGGAGTCC
GGGCAAATATCCAATGGGTACTCAGCAGTTCCAAGTCCTGGTGCGGGAGATGACACACGG
CACTCTATCCCAGCGACCACCACCACCCTAGTGGCTGAGCTTCATCAAGGGGAACGGGAG
ACCTGGGGCAAGAAGGTGGATTTCCTTCTCTCAGTGATTGGCTATGCTGTGGACCTGGGC
AATGTCTGGCGCTTCCCCTACATATGTTACCAGAATGGAGGGGGGGCATTCCTCCTCCCC
TACACCATCATGGCCATTTTTGGGGGAATCCCGCTCTTTTACATGGAGCTCGCACTGGGA
CAGTACCACCGAAATGGATGCATTTCAATATGGAGGAAAATCTGCCCGATTTTCAAAGGG
ATTGGTTATGCCATCTGCATCATTGCCTTTTACATTGCTTCCTACTACAACACCATCATG
GCCTGGGCGCTATACTACCTCATCTCCTCCTTCACGGACCAGCTGCCCTGGACCAGCTGC
AAGAACTCCTGGAACACTGGCAACTGCACCAATTACTTCTCCGAGGACAACATCACCTGG
ACCCTCCATTCCACGTCCCCTGCTGAAGAATTTTACACGCGCCACGTCCTGCAGATCCAC
CGGTCTAAGGGGCTCCAGGACCTGGGGGGCATCAGCTGGCAGCTGGCCCTCTGCATCATG
CTGATCTTCACTGTTATCTACTTCAGCATCTGGAAAGGCGTCAAGACCTCTGGCAAGGTG
GTGTGGGTGACAGCCACCTTCCCTTATATCATCCTTTCTGTCCTGCTGGTGAGGGGTGCC
ACCCTCCCTGGAGCCTGGAGGGGTGTTCTCTTCTACTTGAAACCCAATTGGCAGAAACTC
CTGGAGACAGGGGTGTGGATAGATGCAGCCGCTCAGATCTTCTTCTCTCTTGGTCCGGGC
TTTGGGGTCCTGCTGGCTTTTGCTAGCTACAACAAGTTCAACAACAACTGCTACCAAGAT
GCCCTGGTGACCAGCGTGGTGAACTGCATGACGAGCTTCGTTTCGGGATTTGTCATCTTC
ACAGTGCTCGGTTACATGGCTGAGATGAGGAATGAAGATGTGTCTGAGGTGGCCAAAGAC
GCAGGTCCCAGCCTCCTCTTCATCACGTATGCAGAAGCGATAGCCAACATGCCAGCGTCC
ACTTTCTTTGCCATCATCTTCTTTCTGATGTTAATCACGCTGGGCTTGGACAGCACGTTT
GCAGGCTTGGAGGGGGTGATCACGGCTGTGCTGGATGAGTTCCCACACGTCTGGGCCAAG
CGCCGGGAGCGGTTCGTGCTCGCCGTGGTCATCACCTGCTTCTTTGGATCCCTGGTCACC
CTGACTTTTGGAGGGGCCTACGTGGTGAAGCTGCTGGAGGAGTATGCCACGGGGCCCGCA
GTGCTCACTGTCGCGCTGATCGAAGCAGTCGCTGTGTCTTGGTTCTATGGCATCACTCAG
TTCTGCAGGGACGTGAAGGAAATGCTCGGCTTCAGCCCGGGGTGGTTCTGGAGGATCTGC
TGGGTGGCCATCAGCCCTCTGTTTCTCCTGTTCATCATTTGCAGTTTTCTGATGAGCCCG
CCACAACTACGACTTTTCCAATATAATTATCCTTACTGGAGTATCATCTTGGGTTACTGC
ATAGGAACCTCATCTTTCATTTGCATCCCCACATATATAGCTTATCGGTTGATCATCACT
CCAGGGACATTTAAAGAGCGTATTATTAAAAGTATTACCCCGGAGACACCAACAGAAATT
CCTTGTGGGGACATCCGCTTGAATGCTGTGTAA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID SLC6A4 Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID SLC6A4 Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:11050 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location 17
Target 3 Locus 17q11.1-q12
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 General References
  1. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, McClay J, Mill J, Martin J, Braithwaite A, Poulton R: Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):386-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Ramamoorthy S, Bauman AL, Moore KR, Han H, Yang-Feng T, Chang AS, Ganapathy V, Blakely RD: Antidepressant- and cocaine-sensitive human serotonin transporter: molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 15;90(6):2542-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Lesch KP, Wolozin BL, Murphy DL, Reiderer P: Primary structure of the human platelet serotonin uptake site: identity with the brain serotonin transporter. J Neurochem. 1993 Jun;60(6):2319-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Lesch KP, Wolozin BL, Estler HC, Murphy DL, Riederer P: Isolation of a cDNA encoding the human brain serotonin transporter. J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1993;91(1):67-72. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 3 Drug References
  1. Chen F, Larsen MB, Sanchez C, Wiborg O: The S-enantiomer of R,S-citalopram, increases inhibitor binding to the human serotonin transporter by an allosteric mechanism. Comparison with other serotonin transporter inhibitors. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Mar;15(2):193-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Troelsen KB, Nielsen EO, Mirza NR: Chronic treatment with duloxetine is necessary for an anxiolytic-like response in the mouse zero maze: the role of the serotonin transporter. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Oct;181(4):741-50. Epub 2005 Sep 29. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gould GG, Javors MA, Frazer A: Effect of chronic administration of duloxetine on serotonin and norepinephrine transporter binding sites in rat brain. Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Jan 15;61(2):210-5. Epub 2006 May 2. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Mirza NR, Nielsen EO, Troelsen KB: Serotonin transporter density and anxiolytic-like effects of antidepressants in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007 May 9;31(4):858-66. Epub 2007 Jan 30. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.