| Version |
2.5 |
| Creation Date |
2005-06-13 13:24:05 |
| Update Date |
2009-06-23 18:06:32 |
| Primary Accession Number |
DB00476 |
| Secondary Accession Number |
|
| Name |
Duloxetine |
| Drug Type |
|
| Description |
Duloxetine (brand names Cymbalta, Yentreve, and in parts of Europe, Xeristar or Ariclaim) is a drug which primarily targets major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pain related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy and in some countries stress urinary incontinence (SUI). It is manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company.
Duloxetine has not yet been FDA approved for stress urinary incontinence or for fibromyalgia.
Duloxetine is a selective SNRI (selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor). Duloxetine is a systemic drug therapy which affects the body as a whole. Known also under the code name LY248686, it is a potent dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), possessing comparable affinities in binding to NE- and 5-HT transporter sites. It is a less potent inhibitor of dopamine reuptake. |
| Synonyms |
- (+-)-duloxetine
- Duloxetine HCl
- Duloxetine Hydrochloride
|
| Brand Names |
- Cymbalta
- Yentreve
|
| Brand Mixtures |
Not Available |
| Chemical IUPAC Name |
(3S)-N-methyl-3-naphthalen-1-yloxy-3-thiophen-2-ylpropan-1-amine |
| Chemical Formula |
C18H19NOS |
| Chemical Structure |
 |
| CAS Registry Number |
136434-34-9 |
| InChI Identifier |
InChI=1/C18H19NOS/c1-19-12-11-17(18-10-5-13-21-18)20-16-9-4-7-14-6-2-3-8-15(14)16/h2-10,13,17,19H,11-12H2,1H3/t17-/m0/s1 |
| InChI Key |
ZEUITGRIYCTCEM-KRWDZBQOBW |
| KEGG Drug |
D01179  |
| KEGG Compound |
Not Available |
| PubChem Compound |
60835  |
| PubChem Substance |
704934  |
| ChEBI ID |
36795  |
| PharmGKB ID |
PA10066  |
| HET ID |
Not Available |
| GenBank ID |
Not Available |
| Drug ID Number [DIN] |
Not Available |
| RxList Link |
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/cymbalta.htm  |
| PDRhealth Link |
Not Available |
| Wikipedia Link |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duloxetine  |
| FDA Label |
|
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) |
|
| Synthesis Reference |
Not Available |
| Average Molecular Weight |
297.4150 |
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight |
297.1187 |
| State |
Solid |
| Melting Point |
Not Available |
| Experimental Water Solubility |
0.00296 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS]
Source: PhysProp
|
| Predicted Water Solubility |
2.96e-03 mg/mL
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity |
4
Source: PhysProp
|
| Predicted LogP |
4.72
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Experimental LogS |
Not Available |
| Predicted LogS |
-5.00
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Experimental Caco2 Permeability |
Not Available |
| pKa/Isoelectric Point |
Not Available |
| Mass Spectrum |
Not Available
|
| MOL File |
Show | Download  |
| SDF File |
Show | Download  |
| PDB File |
Show | Download  |
| 2D Structure |
|
| 3D Structure |
|
| Experimental PDB ID |
Not Available |
| Isomeric SMILES |
CNCC[C@H](OC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C1=CC=CS1 |
| Canonical SMILES |
CNCCC(OC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C1=CC=CS1 |
| Drug Category |
- Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors
- Antidepressive Agents
- Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors
- Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
|
| ATC Codes |
|
| AHFS Codes |
Not Available |
| Indication |
For the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). |
| Pharmacology |
Duloxetine is in a class of medications called selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs) and primarily targets major depressive disorders (MDD) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Duloxetine is also used to treat pain and tingling caused by diabetic neuropathy (damage to nerves that can develop in people who have diabetes). Known also as LY248686, it is a potent dual inhibitor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, possessing comparable affinities in binding to NE and 5-HT transport sites. Interestingly, its behavior contrasts to most other dual-reuptake inhibitors. Furthermore, duloxentine lacks affinity for monoamine receptors within the central nervous system. |
| Mechanism of Action |
Duloxetine is a potent inhibitor of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and a less potent inhibitor of dopamine reuptake. Duloxetine has no significant affinity for dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, opioid, glutamate, and GABA receptors. The antidepressant and pain inhibitory actions of duloxetine are believed to be related to its potentiation of serotonergic and noradrenergic activity in the CNS. |
| Absorption |
Orally administered duloxetine hydrochloride is well absorbed. |
| Toxicity |
Oral, rat LD50: 491 mg/kg for males and 279 mg/kg for females. Symptoms of overdose include tremors, convulsions, reduced activity, slow pupillary response, intermittent tremors, and rigidity. |
| Protein Binding |
Protein binding is greater than 90%. |
| Biotransformation |
The major biotransformation pathways for duloxetine involve oxidation of the naphthyl ring followed by conjugation and further oxidation. Both CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 catalyze the oxidation of the naphthyl ring in vitro. Metabolites found in plasma include 4-hydroxy duloxetine glucuronide and 5-hydroxy, 6-methoxy duloxetine sulfate. The major circulating metabolites have not been shown to contribute significantly to the pharmacologic activity of duloxetine. |
| Half Life |
12 hours (range 8-17 hours) |
| Dosage Forms |
| Form |
Route |
| Capsule, coated pellets |
Oral |
|
| Patient Information |
Not Available |
| Contraindications |
Show  |
| Interactions |
Show  |
| Drug Interactions |
| Drug |
Interaction |
| Amitriptyline |
Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine |
| Ciprofloxacin |
Ciprofloxacin increases the effect/toxicity of duloxetine |
| Desipramine |
Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine |
| Flecainide |
Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine |
| Fluvoxamine |
Fluvoxamine increases the effect and toxicity of duloxetine |
| Imipramine |
Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine |
| Isocarboxazid |
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination |
| Nortriptyline |
Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine |
| Phenelzine |
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination |
| Propafenone |
Possible increase in the levels of this agent when used with duloxetine |
| Rasagiline |
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination |
| Thioridazine |
Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Tranylcypromine |
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination |
|
| Food Interactions |
- Food does not affect maximum levels reached, but delays it (from 6 to 10 hours) and total product exposure appears to be reduced by only 10%.
- People taking this product who drink large amounts of alcohol are exposed to a higher risk of liver toxicity.
- Take without regard to meals.
|
| Pathways |
Not Available
|
| General References |
- Turcotte JE, Debonnel G, de Montigny C, Hebert C, Blier P: Assessment of the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake blocking properties of duloxetine in healthy subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 May;24(5):511-21. [PubMed
]
- Anttila S, Leinonen E: Duloxetine Eli Lilly. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002 Aug;3(8):1217-21. [PubMed
]
- Drugs.com

- Wikipedia

- RxList

|
| Organisms Affected |
|
| Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes |
- Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
- Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
|
| Targets |
- Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
- Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
- Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
|
|
Drug Target 1
[top]
|
| Target 1 ID |
540 |
| Target 1 Name |
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter |
| Target 1 Synonyms |
- NET
- Norepinephrine transporter
|
| Target 1 Gene Name |
SLC6A2 |
| Target 1 Protein Sequence |
>Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
MLLARMNPQVQPENNGADTGPEQPLRARKTAELLVVKERNGVQCLLAPRDGDAQPRETWG
KKIDFLLSVVGFAVDLANVWRFPYLCYKNGGGAFLIPYTLFLIIAGMPLFYMELALGQYN
REGAATVWKICPFFKGVGYAVILIALYVGFYYNVIIAWSLYYLFSSFTLNLPWTDCGHTW
NSPNCTDPKLLNGSVLGNHTKYSKYKFTPAAEFYERGVLHLHESSGIHDIGLPQWQLLLC
LMVVVIVLYFSLWKGVKTSGKVVWITATLPYFVLFVLLVHGVTLPGASNGINAYLHIDFY
RLKEATVWIDAATQIFFSLGAGFGVLIAFASYNKFDNNCYRDALLTSSINCITSFVSGFA
IFSILGYMAHEHKVNIEDVATEGAGLVFILYPEAISTLSGSTFWAVVFFVMLLALGLDSS
MGGMEAVITGLADDFQVLKRHRKLFTFGVTFSTFLLALFCITKGGIYVLTLLDTFAAGTS
ILFAVLMEAIGVSWFYGVDRFSNDIQQMMGFRPGLYWRLCWKFVSPAFLLFVVVVSIINF
KPLTYDDYIFPPWANWVGWGIALSSMVLVPIYVIYKFLSTQGSLWERLAYGITPENEHHL
VAQRDIRQFQLQHWLAI
|
| Target 1 Number of Residues |
627 |
| Target 1 Molecular Weight |
69333 |
| Target 1 Theoretical pI |
7.53 |
| Target 1 GO Classification |
|
Function
|
transporter activity
neurotransmitter transporter activity
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity |
|
Process
|
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
neurotransmitter transport |
|
Component
|
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
integral to plasma membrane |
|
| Target 1 General Function |
Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity |
| Target 1 Specific Function |
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals |
| Target 1 Pathways |
Not Available
|
| Target 1 Reactions |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Pfam Domain Function |
|
| Target 1 Signals |
|
| Target 1 Transmembrane Regions |
- 65-85
- 93-112
- 136-156
- 235-253
- 262-279
- 315-332
- 344-365
- 398-417
- 444-462
- 478-498
- 519-538
- 557-575
|
| Target 1 Essentiality |
Non-Essential |
| Target 1 GenBank ID Protein |
189258  |
| Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID |
P23975  |
| Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name |
SC6A2_HUMAN  |
| Target 1 PDB ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Cellular Location |
- Membrane
- multi-pass membrane protein
|
| Target 1 Gene Sequence |
>1854 bp
ATGCTTCTGGCGCGGATGAACCCGCAGGTGCAGCCCGAGAACAACGGGGCGGACACGGGT
CCAGAGCAGCCCCTTCGGGCGCGCAAAACTGCGGAGCTGCTGGTGGTGAAGGAGCGCAAC
GGCGTCCAGTGCCTGCTGGCGCCCCGCGACGGCGACGCGCAGCCCCGGGAGACCTGGGGC
AAGAAGATCGACTTCCTGCTGTCCGTAGTCGGCTTCGCAGTGGACCTGGCCAACGTGTGG
CGCTTCCCCTACCTCTGCTACAAGAACGGCGGCGGTGCCTTCTTGATCCCGTACACACTG
TTCCTTATCATCGCGGGGATGCCCCTGTTCTACATGGAGCTGGCTCTGGGACAGTACAAC
CGGGAGGGGGCTGCCACCGTTTGGAAAATCTGCCCATTCTTCAAAGGCGTTGGCTATGCT
GTCATCCTGATCGCCCTGTACGTTGGCTTCTACTACAACGTCATCATCGCCTGGTCACTC
TACTACCTCTTCTCCTCCTTCACCCTCAACCTGCCCTGGACCGACTGTGGCCACACCTGG
AACAGCCCCAACTGTACCGACCCCAAGCTCCTCAATGGCTCCGTGCTTGGCAACCACACC
AAGTACTCCAAGTACAAGTTCACGCCGGCAGCCGAGTTTTATGAGCGTGGTGTCCTGCAC
CTTCACGAGAGCAGCGGGATTCATGACATCGGCCTGCCCCAGTGGCAGCTCTTGCTCTGT
CTGATGGTCGTCGTCATCGTCTTGTATTTTAGCCTCTGGAAAGGGGTGAAGACATCAGGA
AAGGTGGTGTGGATCACAGCCACGCTGCCTTACTTCGTGCTGTTCGTGCTCCTGGTCCAT
GGCGTCACGCTGCCCGGAGCCTCCAATGGCATCAATGCCTACCTGCACATCGACTTCTAC
CGCTTGAAAGAGGCCACGGTATGGATTGATGCCGCAACTCAGATATTTTTTTCCTTGGGG
GCTGGATTTGGAGTATTGATTGCATTTGCCAGTTACAACAAATTTGACAACAACTGTTAC
AGGGATGCCCTGCTGACCAGCAGCATCAACTGTATCACCAGCTTCGTCTCTGGGTTCGCC
ATCTTCTCCATCCTTGGTTACATGGCCCATGAACACAAGGTCAACATTGAGGATGTGGCC
ACAGAAGGAGCTGGCCTAGTGTTCATCCTGTATCCAGAGGCCATTTCTACCCTGTCTGGA
TCTACATTCTGGGCTGTTGTGTTTTTCGTCATGCTCCTGGCGCTGGGCCTTGACAGCTCA
ATGGGAGGCATGGAGGCTGTCATCACGGGCCTGGCAGATGACTTCCAGGTCCTGAAGCGA
CACCGGAAACTCTTCACATTTGGCGTCACCTTCAGCACTTTCCTTCTCGCCCTGTTCTGC
ATAACCAAGGGTGGAATTTACGTCTTGACCCTCCTGGACACCTTTGCTGCGGGCACCTCC
ATCCTTTTTGCTGTCCTCATGGAAGCCATCGGAGTTTCCTGGTTTTATGGAGTGGACAGG
TTCAGCAACGACATCCAGCAGATGATGGGGTTCAGGCCGGGTCTATACTGGAGACTGTGC
TGGAAGTTCGTCAGTCCTGCCTTCCTCCTGTTCGTGGTTGTGGTCAGCATCATCAACTTC
AAGCCACTCACCTACGACGACTACATCTTCCCGCCCTGGGCCAACTGGGTGGGGTGGGGC
ATCGCCCTGTCCTCCATGGTCCTGGTGCCCATCTACGTCATCTATAAGTTCCTCAGCACG
CAGGGCTCTCTTTGGGAGAGACTGGCCTATGGCATCACGCCAGAGAACGAGCACCACCTG
GTGGCTCAGAGGGACATCAGACAGTTCCAGTTGCAACACTGGCTGGCCATCTGA
|
| Target 1 GenBank Gene ID |
|
| Target 1 GeneCard ID |
SLC6A2  |
| Target 1 GenAtlas ID |
SLC6A2  |
| Target 1 HGNC ID |
HGNC:11048  |
| Target 1 Chromosome Location |
16 |
| Target 1 Locus |
16q12.2 |
| Target 1 SNPs |
SNPJam Report  |
| Target 1 General References |
- Shannon JR, Flattem NL, Jordan J, Jacob G, Black BK, Biaggioni I, Blakely RD, Robertson D: Orthostatic intolerance and tachycardia associated with norepinephrine-transporter deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2000 Feb 24;342(8):541-9. [PubMed
]
- Torres GE, Yao WD, Mohn AR, Quan H, Kim KM, Levey AI, Staudinger J, Caron MG: Functional interaction between monoamine plasma membrane transporters and the synaptic PDZ domain-containing protein PICK1. Neuron. 2001 Apr;30(1):121-34. [PubMed
]
- Pacholczyk T, Blakely RD, Amara SG: Expression cloning of a cocaine- and antidepressant-sensitive human noradrenaline transporter. Nature. 1991 Mar 28;350(6316):350-4. [PubMed
]
- Porzgen P, Bonisch H, Bruss M: Molecular cloning and organization of the coding region of the human norepinephrine transporter gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Oct 24;215(3):1145-50. [PubMed
]
|
| Target 1 Drug References |
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed
]
- Vaishnavi SN, Nemeroff CB, Plott SJ, Rao SG, Kranzler J, Owens MJ: Milnacipran: a comparative analysis of human monoamine uptake and transporter binding affinity. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Feb 1;55(3):320-2. [PubMed
]
- Vincent S, Bieck PR, Garland EM, Loghin C, Bymaster FP, Black BK, Gonzales C, Potter WZ, Robertson D: Clinical assessment of norepinephrine transporter blockade through biochemical and pharmacological profiles. Circulation. 2004 Jun 29;109(25):3202-7. Epub 2004 Jun 7. [PubMed
]
- Schou M, Halldin C, Pike VW, Mozley PD, Dobson D, Innis RB, Farde L, Hall H: Post-mortem human brain autoradiography of the norepinephrine transporter using (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Oct;15(5):517-20. Epub 2005 Apr 7. [PubMed
]
- Gould GG, Javors MA, Frazer A: Effect of chronic administration of duloxetine on serotonin and norepinephrine transporter binding sites in rat brain. Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Jan 15;61(2):210-5. Epub 2006 May 2. [PubMed
]
- Beique JC, Lavoie N, de Montigny C, Debonnel G: Affinities of venlafaxine and various reuptake inhibitors for the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998 May 15;349(1):129-32. [PubMed
]
|
|
Drug Target 2
[top]
|
| Target 2 ID |
713 |
| Target 2 Name |
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter |
| Target 2 Synonyms |
- DA transporter
- DAT
|
| Target 2 Gene Name |
SLC6A3 |
| Target 2 Protein Sequence |
>Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
MSKSKCSVGLMSSVVAPAKEPNAVGPKEVELILVKEQNGVQLTSSTLTNPRQSPVEAQDR
ETWGKKIDFLLSVIGFAVDLANVWRFPYLCYKNGGGAFLVPYLLFMVIAGMPLFYMELAL
GQFNREGAAGVWKICPILKGVGFTVILISLYVGFFYNVIIAWALHYLFSSFTTELPWIHC
NNSWNSPNCSDAHPGDSSGDSSGLNDTFGTTPAAEYFERGVLHLHQSHGIDDLGPPRWQL
TACLVLVIVLLYFSLWKGVKTSGKVVWITATMPYVVLTALLLRGVTLPGAIDGIRAYLSV
DFYRLCEASVWIDAATQVCFSLGVGFGVLIAFSSYNKFTNNCYRDAIVTTSINSLTSFSS
GFVVFSFLGYMAQKHSVPIGDVAKDGPGLIFIIYPEAIATLPLSSAWAVVFFIMLLTLGI
DSAMGGMESVITGLIDEFQLLHRHRELFTLFIVLATFLLSLFCVTNGGIYVFTLLDHFAA
GTSILFGVLIEAIGVAWFYGVGQFSDDIQQMTGQRPSLYWRLCWKLVSPCFLLFVVVVSI
VTFRPPHYGAYIFPDWANALGWVIATSSMAMVPIYAAYKFCSLPGSFREKLAYAIAPEKD
RELVDRGEVRQFTLRHWLKV
|
| Target 2 Number of Residues |
630 |
| Target 2 Molecular Weight |
68496 |
| Target 2 Theoretical pI |
6.92 |
| Target 2 GO Classification |
|
Function
|
transporter activity
neurotransmitter transporter activity
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
dopamine:sodium symporter activity |
|
Process
|
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
neurotransmitter transport |
|
Component
|
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
integral to plasma membrane |
|
| Target 2 General Function |
Involved in dopamine:sodium symporter activity |
| Target 2 Specific Function |
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals |
| Target 2 Pathways |
Not Available
|
| Target 2 Reactions |
Not Available |
| Target 2 Pfam Domain Function |
|
| Target 2 Signals |
|
| Target 2 Transmembrane Regions |
- 69-89
- 96-116
- 140-160
- 238-256
- 265-282
- 318-335
- 347-368
- 401-420
- 447-465
- 481-501
- 522-541
- 560-578
|
| Target 2 Essentiality |
Non-Essential |
| Target 2 GenBank ID Protein |
553260  |
| Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID |
Q01959  |
| Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name |
SC6A3_HUMAN  |
| Target 2 PDB ID |
Not Available |
| Target 2 Cellular Location |
- Membrane
- multi-pass membrane protein
|
| Target 2 Gene Sequence |
>1863 bp
ATGAGTAAGAGCAAATGCTCCGTGGGACTCATGTCTTCCGTGGTGGCCCCGGCTAAGGAG
CCCAATGCCGTGGGCCCGAAGGAGGTGGAGCTCATCCTTGTCAAGGAGCAGAACGGAGTG
CAGCTCACCAGCTCCACCCTCACCAACCCGCGGCAGAGCCCCGTGGAGGCCCAGGATCGG
GAGACCTGGGGCAAGAAGATCGACTTTCTCCTGTCCGTCATTGGCTTTGCTGTGGACCTG
GCCAACGTCTGGCGGTTCCCCTACCTGTGCTACAAAAATGGTGGCGGTGCCTTCCTGGTC
CCCTACCTGCTCTTCATGGTCATTGCTGGGATGCCACTTTTCTACATGGAGCTGGCCCTC
GGCCAGTTCAACAGGGAAGGGGCCGCTGGTGTCTGGAAGATCTGCCCCATACTGAAAGGT
GTGGGCTTCACGGTCATCCTCATCTCACTGTATGTCGGCTTCTTCTACAACGTCATCATC
GCCTGGGCGCTGCACTATCTCTTCTCCTCCTTCACCACGGAGCTCCCCTGGATCCACTGC
AACAACTCCTGGAACAGCCCCAACTGCTCGGATGCCCATCCTGGTGACTCCAGTGGAGAC
AGCTCGGGCCTCAACGACACTTTTGGGACCACACCTGCTGCCGAGTACTTTGAACGTGGC
GTGCTGCACCTCCACCAGAGCCATGGCATCGACGACCTGGGGCCTCCGCGGTGGCAGCTC
ACAGCCTGCCTGGTGCTGGTCATCGTGCTGCTCTACTTCAGCCTCTGGAAGGGCGTGAAG
ACCTCAGGGAAGGTGGTATGGATCACAGCCACCATGCCATACGTGGTCCTCACTGCCCTG
CTCCTGCGTGGGGTCACCCTCCCTGGAGCCATAGACGGCATCAGAGCATACCTGAGCGTT
GACTTCTACCGGCTCTGCGAGGCGTCTGTTTGGATTGACGCGGCCACCCAGGTGTGCTTC
TCCCTGGGCGTGGGGTTCGGGGTGCTGATCGCCTTCTCCAGCTACAACAAGTTCACCAAC
AACTGCTACAGGGACGCGATTGTCACCACCTCCATCAACTCCCTGACGAGCTTCTCCTCC
GGCTTCGTCGTCTTCTCCTTCCTGGGGTACATGGCACAGAAGCACAGTGTGCCCATCGGG
GACGTGGCCAAGGACGGGCCAGGGCTGATCTTCATCATCTACCCGGAAGCCATCGCCACG
CTCCCTCTGTCCTCAGCCTGGGCCGTGGTCTTCTTCATCATGCTGCTCACCCTGGGTATC
GACAGCGCCATGGGTGGTATGGAGTCAGTGATCACCGGGCTCATCGATGAGTTCCAGCTG
CTGCACAGACACCGTGAGCTCTTCACGCTCTTCATCGTCCTGGCGACCTTCCTCCTGTCC
CTGTTCTGCGTCACCAACGGTGGCATCTACGTCTTCACGCTCCTGGACCATTTTGCAGCC
GGCACGTCCATCCTCTTTGGAGTGCTCATCGAAGCCATCGGAGTGGCCTGGTTCTATGGT
GTTGGGCAGTTCAGCGACGACATCCAGCAGATGACCGGGCAGCGGCCCAGCCTGTACTGG
CGGCTGTGCTGGAAGCTGGTCAGCCCCTGCTTTCTCCTGTTCGTGGTCGTGGTCAGCATT
GTGACCTTCAGACCCCCCCACTACGGAGCCTACATCTTCCCCGACTGGGCCAACGCGCTG
GGCTGGGTCATCGCCACATCCTCCATGGCCATGGTGCCCATCTATGCGGCCTACAAGTTC
TGCAGCCTGCCTGGGTCCTTTCGAGAGAAACTGGCCTACGCCATTGCACCCGAGAAGGAC
CGTGAGCTGGTGGACAGAGGGGAGGTGCGCCAGTTCACGCTCCGCCACTGGCTCAAGGTG
TAG
|
| Target 2 GenBank Gene ID |
|
| Target 2 GeneCard ID |
SLC6A3  |
| Target 2 GenAtlas ID |
SLC6A3  |
| Target 2 HGNC ID |
HGNC:11049  |
| Target 2 Chromosome Location |
5 |
| Target 2 Locus |
5p15.3 |
| Target 2 SNPs |
SNPJam Report  |
| Target 2 General References |
- Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed
]
- Vandenbergh DJ, Thompson MD, Cook EH, Bendahhou E, Nguyen T, Krasowski MD, Zarrabian D, Comings D, Sellers EM, Tyndale RF, George SR, O'Dowd BF, Uhl GR: Human dopamine transporter gene: coding region conservation among normal, Tourette's disorder, alcohol dependence and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder populations. Mol Psychiatry. 2000 May;5(3):283-92. [PubMed
]
- Greenwood TA, Alexander M, Keck PE, McElroy S, Sadovnick AD, Remick RA, Kelsoe JR: Evidence for linkage disequilibrium between the dopamine transporter and bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet. 2001 Mar 8;105(2):145-51. [PubMed
]
- Torres GE, Yao WD, Mohn AR, Quan H, Kim KM, Levey AI, Staudinger J, Caron MG: Functional interaction between monoamine plasma membrane transporters and the synaptic PDZ domain-containing protein PICK1. Neuron. 2001 Apr;30(1):121-34. [PubMed
]
- Bannon MJ, Poosch MS, Xia Y, Goebel DJ, Cassin B, Kapatos G: Dopamine transporter mRNA content in human substantia nigra decreases precipitously with age. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):7095-9. [PubMed
]
- Vandenbergh DJ, Persico AM, Uhl GR: A human dopamine transporter cDNA predicts reduced glycosylation, displays a novel repetitive element and provides racially-dimorphic TaqI RFLPs. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1992 Sep;15(1-2):161-6. [PubMed
]
- Giros B, el Mestikawy S, Godinot N, Zheng K, Han H, Yang-Feng T, Caron MG: Cloning, pharmacological characterization, and chromosome assignment of the human dopamine transporter. Mol Pharmacol. 1992 Sep;42(3):383-90. [PubMed
]
- Donovan DM, Vandenbergh DJ, Perry MP, Bird GS, Ingersoll R, Nanthakumar E, Uhl GR: Human and mouse dopamine transporter genes: conservation of 5'-flanking sequence elements and gene structures. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1995 Jun;30(2):327-35. [PubMed
]
- Pristupa ZB, Wilson JM, Hoffman BJ, Kish SJ, Niznik HB: Pharmacological heterogeneity of the cloned and native human dopamine transporter: disassociation of [3H]WIN 35,428 and [3H]GBR 12,935 binding. Mol Pharmacol. 1994 Jan;45(1):125-35. [PubMed
]
- Kawarai T, Kawakami H, Yamamura Y, Nakamura S: Structure and organization of the gene encoding human dopamine transporter. Gene. 1997 Aug 11;195(1):11-8. [PubMed
]
|
| Target 2 Drug References |
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed
]
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed
]
|
|
Drug Target 3
[top]
|
| Target 3 ID |
824 |
| Target 3 Name |
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter |
| Target 3 Synonyms |
- 5HT transporter
- 5HTT
|
| Target 3 Gene Name |
SLC6A4 |
| Target 3 Protein Sequence |
>Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
METTPLNSQKQLSACEDGEDCQENGVLQKVVPTPGDKVESGQISNGYSAVPSPGAGDDTR
HSIPATTTTLVAELHQGERETWGKKVDFLLSVIGYAVDLGNVWRFPYICYQNGGGAFLLP
YTIMAIFGGIPLFYMELALGQYHRNGCISIWRKICPIFKGIGYAICIIAFYIASYYNTIM
AWALYYLISSFTDQLPWTSCKNSWNTGNCTNYFSEDNITWTLHSTSPAEEFYTRHVLQIH
RSKGLQDLGGISWQLALCIMLIFTVIYFSIWKGVKTSGKVVWVTATFPYIILSVLLVRGA
TLPGAWRGVLFYLKPNWQKLLETGVWIDAAAQIFFSLGPGFGVLLAFASYNKFNNNCYQD
ALVTSVVNCMTSFVSGFVIFTVLGYMAEMRNEDVSEVAKDAGPSLLFITYAEAIANMPAS
TFFAIIFFLMLITLGLDSTFAGLEGVITAVLDEFPHVWAKRRERFVLAVVITCFFGSLVT
LTFGGAYVVKLLEEYATGPAVLTVALIEAVAVSWFYGITQFCRDVKEMLGFSPGWFWRIC
WVAISPLFLLFIICSFLMSPPQLRLFQYNYPYWSIILGYCIGTSSFICIPTYIAYRLIIT
PGTFKERIIKSITPETPTEIPCGDIRLNAV
|
| Target 3 Number of Residues |
640 |
| Target 3 Molecular Weight |
70325 |
| Target 3 Theoretical pI |
6.17 |
| Target 3 GO Classification |
|
Function
|
transporter activity
neurotransmitter transporter activity
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity |
|
Process
|
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
neurotransmitter transport |
|
Component
|
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
integral to plasma membrane |
|
| Target 3 General Function |
Involved in serotonin:sodium symporter activity |
| Target 3 Specific Function |
Terminates the action of serotonine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals |
| Target 3 Pathways |
Not Available
|
| Target 3 Reactions |
Not Available |
| Target 3 Pfam Domain Function |
|
| Target 3 Signals |
|
| Target 3 Transmembrane Regions |
- 88-108
- 116-135
- 160-180
- 253-271
- 280-297
- 333-350
- 362-383
- 417-436
- 464-482
- 498-518
- 539-558
- 577-595
|
| Target 3 Essentiality |
Non-Essential |
| Target 3 GenBank ID Protein |
36433  |
| Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID |
P31645  |
| Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name |
SC6A4_HUMAN  |
| Target 3 PDB ID |
Not Available |
| Target 3 Cellular Location |
- Membrane
- multi-pass membrane protein
|
| Target 3 Gene Sequence |
>1893 bp
ATGGAGACGACGCCCTTGAATTCTCAGAAGCAGCTATCAGCGTGTGAAGATGGAGAAGAT
TGTCAGGAAAACGGAGTTCTACAGAAGGTTGTTCCCACCCCAGGGGACAAAGTGGAGTCC
GGGCAAATATCCAATGGGTACTCAGCAGTTCCAAGTCCTGGTGCGGGAGATGACACACGG
CACTCTATCCCAGCGACCACCACCACCCTAGTGGCTGAGCTTCATCAAGGGGAACGGGAG
ACCTGGGGCAAGAAGGTGGATTTCCTTCTCTCAGTGATTGGCTATGCTGTGGACCTGGGC
AATGTCTGGCGCTTCCCCTACATATGTTACCAGAATGGAGGGGGGGCATTCCTCCTCCCC
TACACCATCATGGCCATTTTTGGGGGAATCCCGCTCTTTTACATGGAGCTCGCACTGGGA
CAGTACCACCGAAATGGATGCATTTCAATATGGAGGAAAATCTGCCCGATTTTCAAAGGG
ATTGGTTATGCCATCTGCATCATTGCCTTTTACATTGCTTCCTACTACAACACCATCATG
GCCTGGGCGCTATACTACCTCATCTCCTCCTTCACGGACCAGCTGCCCTGGACCAGCTGC
AAGAACTCCTGGAACACTGGCAACTGCACCAATTACTTCTCCGAGGACAACATCACCTGG
ACCCTCCATTCCACGTCCCCTGCTGAAGAATTTTACACGCGCCACGTCCTGCAGATCCAC
CGGTCTAAGGGGCTCCAGGACCTGGGGGGCATCAGCTGGCAGCTGGCCCTCTGCATCATG
CTGATCTTCACTGTTATCTACTTCAGCATCTGGAAAGGCGTCAAGACCTCTGGCAAGGTG
GTGTGGGTGACAGCCACCTTCCCTTATATCATCCTTTCTGTCCTGCTGGTGAGGGGTGCC
ACCCTCCCTGGAGCCTGGAGGGGTGTTCTCTTCTACTTGAAACCCAATTGGCAGAAACTC
CTGGAGACAGGGGTGTGGATAGATGCAGCCGCTCAGATCTTCTTCTCTCTTGGTCCGGGC
TTTGGGGTCCTGCTGGCTTTTGCTAGCTACAACAAGTTCAACAACAACTGCTACCAAGAT
GCCCTGGTGACCAGCGTGGTGAACTGCATGACGAGCTTCGTTTCGGGATTTGTCATCTTC
ACAGTGCTCGGTTACATGGCTGAGATGAGGAATGAAGATGTGTCTGAGGTGGCCAAAGAC
GCAGGTCCCAGCCTCCTCTTCATCACGTATGCAGAAGCGATAGCCAACATGCCAGCGTCC
ACTTTCTTTGCCATCATCTTCTTTCTGATGTTAATCACGCTGGGCTTGGACAGCACGTTT
GCAGGCTTGGAGGGGGTGATCACGGCTGTGCTGGATGAGTTCCCACACGTCTGGGCCAAG
CGCCGGGAGCGGTTCGTGCTCGCCGTGGTCATCACCTGCTTCTTTGGATCCCTGGTCACC
CTGACTTTTGGAGGGGCCTACGTGGTGAAGCTGCTGGAGGAGTATGCCACGGGGCCCGCA
GTGCTCACTGTCGCGCTGATCGAAGCAGTCGCTGTGTCTTGGTTCTATGGCATCACTCAG
TTCTGCAGGGACGTGAAGGAAATGCTCGGCTTCAGCCCGGGGTGGTTCTGGAGGATCTGC
TGGGTGGCCATCAGCCCTCTGTTTCTCCTGTTCATCATTTGCAGTTTTCTGATGAGCCCG
CCACAACTACGACTTTTCCAATATAATTATCCTTACTGGAGTATCATCTTGGGTTACTGC
ATAGGAACCTCATCTTTCATTTGCATCCCCACATATATAGCTTATCGGTTGATCATCACT
CCAGGGACATTTAAAGAGCGTATTATTAAAAGTATTACCCCGGAGACACCAACAGAAATT
CCTTGTGGGGACATCCGCTTGAATGCTGTGTAA
|
| Target 3 GenBank Gene ID |
|
| Target 3 GeneCard ID |
SLC6A4  |
| Target 3 GenAtlas ID |
SLC6A4  |
| Target 3 HGNC ID |
HGNC:11050  |
| Target 3 Chromosome Location |
17 |
| Target 3 Locus |
17q11.1-q12 |
| Target 3 SNPs |
SNPJam Report  |
| Target 3 General References |
- Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed
]
- Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, McClay J, Mill J, Martin J, Braithwaite A, Poulton R: Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):386-9. [PubMed
]
- Ramamoorthy S, Bauman AL, Moore KR, Han H, Yang-Feng T, Chang AS, Ganapathy V, Blakely RD: Antidepressant- and cocaine-sensitive human serotonin transporter: molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 15;90(6):2542-6. [PubMed
]
- Lesch KP, Wolozin BL, Murphy DL, Reiderer P: Primary structure of the human platelet serotonin uptake site: identity with the brain serotonin transporter. J Neurochem. 1993 Jun;60(6):2319-22. [PubMed
]
- Lesch KP, Wolozin BL, Estler HC, Murphy DL, Riederer P: Isolation of a cDNA encoding the human brain serotonin transporter. J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1993;91(1):67-72. [PubMed
]
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| Target 3 Drug References |
- Chen F, Larsen MB, Sanchez C, Wiborg O: The S-enantiomer of R,S-citalopram, increases inhibitor binding to the human serotonin transporter by an allosteric mechanism. Comparison with other serotonin transporter inhibitors. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Mar;15(2):193-8. [PubMed
]
- Troelsen KB, Nielsen EO, Mirza NR: Chronic treatment with duloxetine is necessary for an anxiolytic-like response in the mouse zero maze: the role of the serotonin transporter. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Oct;181(4):741-50. Epub 2005 Sep 29. [PubMed
]
- Gould GG, Javors MA, Frazer A: Effect of chronic administration of duloxetine on serotonin and norepinephrine transporter binding sites in rat brain. Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Jan 15;61(2):210-5. Epub 2006 May 2. [PubMed
]
- Mirza NR, Nielsen EO, Troelsen KB: Serotonin transporter density and anxiolytic-like effects of antidepressants in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007 May 9;31(4):858-66. Epub 2007 Jan 30. [PubMed
]
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