Celecoxib

Identification

Summary

Celecoxib is an NSAID used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, menstrual symptoms, and to reduce polyps is familial adenomatous polyposis.

Brand Names
Celebrex, Elyxyb, Seglentis
Generic Name
Celecoxib
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00482
Background

Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which is known for its decreased risk of causing gastrointestinal bleeding compared to other NSAIDS.16 It is used to manage symptoms of various types of arthritis pain and in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) to reduce precancerous polyps in the colon.15 It is marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Celebrex, and was initially granted FDA approval in 1998.27

Interestingly, selective COX-2 inhibitors (especially celecoxib), have been evaluated as potential cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic drugs in clinical trials for a variety of malignancies.7

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 381.372
Monoisotopic: 381.075882012
Chemical Formula
C17H14F3N3O2S
Synonyms
  • Celecoxib
  • Célécoxib
  • Celecoxibum
  • p-(5-p-Tolyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide
External IDs
  • SC 58635
  • YM 177

Pharmacology

Indication

Celecoxib is indicated for symptomatic treatment of adult osteoarthritis (OA) and adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA).31 Celecoxib is not a substitute for aspirin for cardiovascular event prophylaxis.31

It may be also be used to treat acute pain from various sources, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children over 2, ankylosing spondylitis, and primary dysmenorrhea.31

Celecoxib, in combination with tramadol, is indicated for the management of acute pain in adults severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and in whom alternative treatments are inadequate.33

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Management ofAcute pain•••••••••••••••••
Management ofAnkylosing spondylitis (as)••••••••••••
Management ofOsteoarthritis (oa)••••••••••••
Management ofPrimary dysmenorrhoea••••••••••••
Management ofRheumatoid arthritis••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Celecoxib inhibits cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme, reducing pain and inflammation. It is important to note that though the risk of bleeding with celecoxib is lower than with certain other NSAIDS, it exists nonetheless and caution must be observed when it is administered to those with a high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.28

A note on the risk of cardiovascular events

Significant concerns regarding the safety of COX-2 selective NSAIDs emerged in the early 2000s. Rofecoxib, another member of the COX-2 inhibitor drug class, also known as Vioxx, was withdrawn from the market due to prothrombotic cardiovascular risks.30 Following an FDA Advisory Committee meeting in 2005, in which data from large clinical outcome trials were evaluated, the FDA concluded that the risk for cardiovascular thrombotic events for both COX-2 selective NSAIDs and nonselective NSAIDs was evident.23 It was determined that the benefits of celecoxib treatment, however, outweighed the risks.30 Postmarketing cardiovascular outcomes trial (PRECISION) revealed that the lowest possible dose of celecoxib was similar in cardiovascular safety to moderate strength doses of both naproxen and ibuprofen. Patients who had previous cardiovascular events including acute MI, coronary revascularization, or coronary stent insertion were not evaluated in the trial. It is not advisable to administer NSAIDS to these groups of patients.23

Mechanism of action

Unlike most NSAIDs, which inhibit both types of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), celecoxib is a selective noncompetitive inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. COX-2 is expressed heavily in inflamed tissues where it is induced by inflammatory mediators.31 The inhibition of this enzyme reduces the synthesis of metabolites that include prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane (TXA2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), and prostaglandin F2 (PGF2). Resultant inhibition of these mediators leads to the alleviation of pain and inflammation.7,31

By inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause mucosal damage, ulceration and ulcer complication throughout the gastrointestinal tract.31 Celecoxib poses less of an ulceration risk than other NSAIDS, owing to its decreased effect on gastric mucosal prostaglandin synthesis when compared to placebo.8

Celecoxib exerts anticancer effects by binding to the cadherin-11 (CDH11)protein, which is thought to be involved in the progression of tumors, and inhibiting the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1) signaling mechanism.22,17 In addition, celecoxib has been found to inhibit carbonic anhydrase enzymes 2 and 3, further enhancing its anticancer effects.18,19

As mentioned in the pharmacodynamics section of this drug entry, celecoxib may cause an increased risk of thrombotic events. The risk of thrombosis resulting from COX-2 inhibition is caused by the vasoconstricting actions of thromboxane A2, leading to enhanced platelet aggregation, which is uncontrolled when the actions of prostacyclin, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, are suppressed through the inhibition of COX-2.30

TargetActionsOrganism
AProstaglandin G/H synthase 2
inhibitor
Humans
UCarbonic anhydrase 2
inhibitor
Humans
UCarbonic anhydrase 3
inhibitor
Humans
UCadherin-11
inhibitor
Humans
U3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
inhibitor
Humans
ASialidase-1
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Celecoxib is absorbed rapidly in the gastrointestinal tract.7 When a single oral dose of 200 mg was given to healthy research subjects, the peak plasma levels of celecoxib occurred within 3 hours.7,31 The Cmax is 705 ng/mL.25 When multiple doses are given, steady-state concentrations are reached on or before day 5. When taken with a high-fat meal, peak plasma levels are delayed for about 1 to 2 hours with an increase in total absorption (AUC) of 10% to 20%.31 The AUC of celecoxib has been shown to be significantly lower in patients with chronic renal impairment.12,31 A meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic studies has suggested an approximately 40% higher AUC (area under the curve) of celecoxib in black patients compared to Caucasians for unknown reasons.25

Volume of distribution

The apparent volume of distribution of celecoxib at steady state (Vss/F) is about 429 L25, which suggests wide distribution into various tissues. Celecoxib is not preferentially bound to red blood cells.31 Another resource reports a volume of distribution of 455 ± 166L.12

Protein binding

The protein binding of celecoxib is 97%, and it is primarily bound to albumin.12,31

Metabolism

A large part of celecoxib metabolism is mediated by cytochrome P450 2C9 in the liver with some contribution from CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 and possible contributions from CYP2D6.7,21,20,22 It is metabolized by biotransformation to carboxylic acid and glucuronide metabolites.12 Three metabolites, a primary alcohol, a carboxylic acid, and a glucuronide conjugate, have been found in human plasma after celecoxib administration.7 These are considered inactive metabolites in regards to COX enzyme inhibition. Patients who are known or suspected to have decreased cytochrome P450 2C9 activity or function, based on their previous history, should be administered celecoxib with caution as they may have abnormally high serum concentrations resulting from decreased metabolism celecoxib.31

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Route of elimination

Celecoxib is primarily eliminated by hepatic metabolism with small amounts (<3%) of the unchanged drug found in both the urine and feces.12 About 57% of an oral dose of celecoxib is excreted in the feces and 27% is found to be excreted into the urine in the form of metabolites. The main metabolite in urine and feces is identified as the carboxylic acid metabolite (73%). The amount of glucuronide in the urine is reported to be low.31

Half-life

The effective half-life of celecoxib is approximately 11 hours when a single 200 mg dose is given to healthy subjects.25,31 The terminal half-life of celecoxib varies because of its low solubility, which prolongs absorption.31

Clearance

Apparent clearance (CL/F), single oral 200 mg dose, healthy subjects = 27.7 L/hr.31 Clearance may be decreased by about 47% in patients with chronic renal insufficiency, according to a pharmacokinetic study. Studies have not been performed in patients with severe renal impairment.31

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The oral TDLo in humans 5.71 mg/kg.29

It is not advisable to administer celecoxib in patients with renal impairment or advanced hepatic impairment, as this may lead to increased serum concentrations, causing toxicity.31 Symptoms of overdose may include breathing difficulties, coma, drowsiness, gastrointestinal bleeding, high blood pressure, kidney failure, nausea, sluggishness, stomach pain, and vomiting.23 Because serious gastrointestinal tract ulceration and bleeding can occur without preceding symptoms, patients should be monitored for signs/symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding. Symptomatic and supportive measures should be taken in a celecoxib overdose. The induction of emesis or administration of active charcoal should take place if the patient is seen within 4 hours of celecoxib ingestion. Diuresis, urinary alkalinization, hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion may not be useful in a celecoxib overdose due to its high level of protein binding.31

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Celecoxib Action PathwayDrug action
Celecoxib Metabolism PathwayDrug metabolism
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Interacting Gene/EnzymeAllele nameGenotype(s)Defining Change(s)Type(s)DescriptionDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*3(C;C) / (A;C)C AlleleEffect Directly StudiedPatients with this genotype have reduced metabolism of celecoxib.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*6Not Available818delAEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*15Not Available485C>AEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*25Not Available353_362delAGAAATGGAAEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*35Not Available374G>T / 430C>TEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*2Not Available430C>TEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*4Not Available1076T>CEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*5Not Available1080C>GEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*8Not Available449G>AEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*11Not Available1003C>TEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*12Not Available1465C>TEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*13Not Available269T>CEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*14Not Available374G>AEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*16Not Available895A>GEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*18Not Available1075A>C / 1190A>C  … show all Effect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*26Not Available389C>GEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*28Not Available641A>TEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*30Not Available1429G>AEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C9CYP2C9*33Not Available395G>AEffect InferredPoor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirementsDetails

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirCelecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Celecoxib can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Celecoxib can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbciximabThe risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Celecoxib is combined with Abciximab.
AbemaciclibAbemaciclib may decrease the excretion rate of Celecoxib which could result in a higher serum level.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol. Alcohol increases the risk of gastrointestinal irritation.
  • Avoid multivalent ions. Separate the administration of aluminum and magnesium containing drugs by several hours.
  • Take with or without food. Doses up to 200 mg can be taken without regard to food, but doses of 400mg or higher should be taken with food.

Products

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Product Images
International/Other Brands
Articox (Keyfarm) / Articoxib (Nabiqasim) / Artiflex (Standpharm) / Artilog (Pfizer) / Artix (Pharmalab) / Artrixib (Intipharma) / Blockten (Infarmasa) / Caditar (Farmindustria) / Cefinix (Farmacoop) / Celact (Sun) / Celebra (Pfizer) / Valdyne (Pfizer)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Act CelecoxibCapsule100 mgOralTEVA Canada Limited2014-11-212022-07-29Canada flag
Act CelecoxibCapsule200 mgOralTEVA Canada Limited2014-11-212022-07-29Canada flag
CelebrexCapsule100 mg/1OralPfizer Laboratories Div Pfizer Inc1998-10-02Not applicableUS flag
CelebrexCapsule200 mg/1OralA S Medication Solutions1999-01-252009-09-02US flag
CelebrexCapsule200 mg/1OralStat Rx USA1998-10-02Not applicableUS flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Accel-celecoxibCapsule100 mgOralAccel Pharma Inc2015-03-262018-04-20Canada flag
Accel-celecoxibCapsule200 mgOralAccel Pharma Inc2015-03-262018-04-20Canada flag
Ag-celecoxibCapsule100 mgOralAngita Pharma Inc.2018-06-22Not applicableCanada flag
Ag-celecoxibCapsule200 mgOralAngita Pharma Inc.2018-06-22Not applicableCanada flag
Apo-celecoxibCapsule100 mgOralApotex Corporation2014-11-17Not applicableCanada flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
ConsensiCelecoxib (200 mg/1) + Amlodipine besylate (5 mg/1)TabletOralBurke Therapeutics, LLC2019-12-172022-12-31US flag
ConsensiCelecoxib (200 mg/1) + Amlodipine besylate (2.5 mg/1)TabletOralBurke Therapeutics, LLC2019-12-172022-12-31US flag
ConsensiCelecoxib (200 mg/1) + Amlodipine besylate (10 mg/1)TabletOralBurke Therapeutics, LLC2019-12-172022-12-31US flag
SeglentisCelecoxib (56 mg/1) + Tramadol hydrochloride (44 mg/1)TabletOralKowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.2022-01-01Not applicableUS flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
CapxibCelecoxib (200 mg/1) + Capsaicin (0.0375 mg/1) + Menthol (50 mg/1)KitOral; TopicalMas Management Group2016-04-082018-01-01US flag
LidoXibCelecoxib (200 mg/1) + Lidocaine (40 mg/1g) + Menthol (10 mg/1g)KitOralMas Management Group2015-06-032018-01-01US flag
NuDroxiPAKCelecoxib (200 mg/1) + Capsaicin (0.25 mg/1mL) + Menthol (60 mg/1mL) + Methyl salicylate (250 mg/1mL)Capsule; Kit; LiquidOral; TopicalNucare Pharmaceuticals,inc.2018-02-08Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
N02AJ16 — Tramadol and celecoxibM01AH01 — CelecoxibG01AE10 — Combinations of sulfonamidesL01XX33 — CelecoxibC08CA51 — Amlodipine and celecoxib
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpyrazoles. These are compounds containing a phenylpyrazole skeleton, which consists of a pyrazole bound to a phenyl group.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Azoles
Sub Class
Pyrazoles
Direct Parent
Phenylpyrazoles
Alternative Parents
Benzenesulfonamides / Benzenesulfonyl compounds / Toluenes / Organosulfonamides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Aminosulfonyl compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Organofluorides
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Substituents
Alkyl fluoride / Alkyl halide / Aminosulfonyl compound / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenesulfonamide / Benzenesulfonyl group / Benzenoid / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative
show 15 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
organofluorine compound, pyrazoles, sulfonamide (CHEBI:41423)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
JCX84Q7J1L
CAS number
169590-42-5
InChI Key
RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H14F3N3O2S/c1-11-2-4-12(5-3-11)15-10-16(17(18,19)20)22-23(15)13-6-8-14(9-7-13)26(21,24)25/h2-10H,1H3,(H2,21,24,25)
IUPAC Name
4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzene-1-sulfonamide
SMILES
CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC(=NN1C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(N)(=O)=O)C(F)(F)F

References

Synthesis Reference
US5466823
General References
  1. Malhotra S, Shafiq N, Pandhi P: COX-2 inhibitors: a CLASS act or Just VIGORously promoted. MedGenMed. 2004 Mar 23;6(1):6. [Article]
  2. Silverstein FE, Faich G, Goldstein JL, Simon LS, Pincus T, Whelton A, Makuch R, Eisen G, Agrawal NM, Stenson WF, Burr AM, Zhao WW, Kent JD, Lefkowith JB, Verburg KM, Geis GS: Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: A randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. JAMA. 2000 Sep 13;284(10):1247-55. [Article]
  3. Solomon SD, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Wittes J, Fowler R, Finn P, Anderson WF, Zauber A, Hawk E, Bertagnolli M: Cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in a clinical trial for colorectal adenoma prevention. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 17;352(11):1071-80. Epub 2005 Feb 15. [Article]
  4. Yelland MJ, Nikles CJ, McNairn N, Del Mar CB, Schluter PJ, Brown RM: Celecoxib compared with sustained-release paracetamol for osteoarthritis: a series of n-of-1 trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 Jan;46(1):135-40. Epub 2006 Jun 15. [Article]
  5. Bertagnolli MM, Eagle CJ, Zauber AG, Redston M, Solomon SD, Kim K, Tang J, Rosenstein RB, Wittes J, Corle D, Hess TM, Woloj GM, Boisserie F, Anderson WF, Viner JL, Bagheri D, Burn J, Chung DC, Dewar T, Foley TR, Hoffman N, Macrae F, Pruitt RE, Saltzman JR, Salzberg B, Sylwestrowicz T, Gordon GB, Hawk ET: Celecoxib for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 31;355(9):873-84. [Article]
  6. Sandberg M, Yasar U, Stromberg P, Hoog JO, Eliasson E: Oxidation of celecoxib by polymorphic cytochrome P450 2C9 and alcohol dehydrogenase. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Oct;54(4):423-9. [Article]
  7. Gong L, Thorn CF, Bertagnolli MM, Grosser T, Altman RB, Klein TE: Celecoxib pathways: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Apr;22(4):310-8. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834f94cb. [Article]
  8. Hawkey CJ: COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Oct;15(5):801-20. doi: 10.1053/bega.2001.0236. [Article]
  9. Gwee KA, Goh V, Lima G, Setia S: Coprescribing proton-pump inhibitors with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: risks versus benefits. J Pain Res. 2018 Feb 14;11:361-374. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S156938. eCollection 2018. [Article]
  10. Chan FKL, Ching JYL, Tse YK, Lam K, Wong GLH, Ng SC, Lee V, Au KWL, Cheong PK, Suen BY, Chan H, Kee KM, Lo A, Wong VWS, Wu JCY, Kyaw MH: Gastrointestinal safety of celecoxib versus naproxen in patients with cardiothrombotic diseases and arthritis after upper gastrointestinal bleeding (CONCERN): an industry-independent, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised trial. Lancet. 2017 Jun 17;389(10087):2375-2382. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30981-9. Epub 2017 Apr 11. [Article]
  11. Davies NM, McLachlan AJ, Day RO, Williams KM: Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of celecoxib: a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000 Mar;38(3):225-42. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200038030-00003. [Article]
  12. Ahmad SR, Kortepeter C, Brinker A, Chen M, Beitz J: Renal failure associated with the use of celecoxib and rofecoxib. Drug Saf. 2002;25(7):537-44. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200225070-00007. [Article]
  13. Daniels S, Robbins J, West CR, Nemeth MA: Celecoxib in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: results from two randomized, double-blind, active- and placebo-controlled, crossover studies. Clin Ther. 2009 Jun;31(6):1192-208. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.06.003. [Article]
  14. Frampton JE, Keating GM: Celecoxib: a review of its use in the management of arthritis and acute pain. Drugs. 2007;67(16):2433-72. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200767160-00008. [Article]
  15. Chen QW, Zhang XM, Zhou JN, Zhou X, Ma GJ, Zhu M, Zhang YY, Yu J, Feng JF, Chen SQ: Analysis of Small Fragment Deletions of the APC gene in Chinese Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, a Precancerous Condition. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(12):4915-20. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.4915. [Article]
  16. Shin S: Safety of celecoxib versus traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in older patients with arthritis. J Pain Res. 2018 Dec 14;11:3211-3219. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S186000. eCollection 2018. [Article]
  17. Zhu J, Huang JW, Tseng PH, Yang YT, Fowble J, Shiau CW, Shaw YJ, Kulp SK, Chen CS: From the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib to a novel class of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 15;64(12):4309-18. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-4063. [Article]
  18. Weber A, Casini A, Heine A, Kuhn D, Supuran CT, Scozzafava A, Klebe G: Unexpected nanomolar inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by COX-2-selective celecoxib: new pharmacological opportunities due to related binding site recognition. J Med Chem. 2004 Jan 29;47(3):550-7. [Article]
  19. Nishimori I, Minakuchi T, Onishi S, Vullo D, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the cytosolic isozyme III with sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Dec 1;15(23):7229-36. Epub 2007 Aug 25. [Article]
  20. Daily EB, Aquilante CL: Cytochrome P450 2C8 pharmacogenetics: a review of clinical studies. Pharmacogenomics. 2009 Sep;10(9):1489-510. doi: 10.2217/pgs.09.82. [Article]
  21. Siu YA, Hao MH, Dixit V, Lai WG: Celecoxib is a substrate of CYP2D6: Impact on celecoxib metabolism in individuals with CYP2C9*3 variants. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2018 Oct;33(5):219-227. doi: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Jun 19. [Article]
  22. Brandon Cohen; Charles V. Preuss (2019). Celecoxib, NIH StatPearls. StatPearls.
  23. FDA drug safety, June 28 2018 [Link]
  24. Medscape drug reference [Link]
  25. Pfizer Medical Information [Link]
  26. Medicines UK, Celebrex 200mg capsule [Link]
  27. FDA approvals, Celebrex [Link]
  28. Bpac NZ: Celecoxib [Link]
  29. CaymanChem: Celecoxib MSDS [Link]
  30. US Pharmacist: Cardiovascular risk associated with NSAIDS and COX2 inhibitors [Link]
  31. FDA Approved Drug Products: CELEBREX (celecoxib) oral capsules [Link]
  32. FDA Approved Drug Products: ELYXYB (celecoxib) solution [Link]
  33. FDA Approved Drug Products: SEGLENTIS (celecoxib and tramadol hydrochloride) tablets [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0005014
KEGG Drug
D00567
KEGG Compound
C07589
PubChem Compound
2662
PubChem Substance
46505596
ChemSpider
2562
BindingDB
11639
RxNav
140587
ChEBI
41423
ChEMBL
CHEMBL118
ZINC
ZINC000002570895
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000737
PharmGKB
PA448871
PDBe Ligand
CEL
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Celecoxib
PDB Entries
1oq5 / 3ln1 / 4fim / 5jw1 / 7zej

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedNot AvailableDuodenal Ulcer1
4CompletedBasic ScienceHealthy Volunteers (HV)1
4CompletedBasic ScienceHypertension1
4CompletedBasic ScienceIschemic Heart Disease / Osteoarthritis (OA)1
4CompletedPreventionArthroscopy2

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Gd searle llc
Packagers
  • 4uOrtho LLC
  • Apotheca Inc.
  • AQ Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Blenheim Pharmacal
  • Bryant Ranch Prepack
  • Cardinal Health
  • Direct Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
  • GD Searle LLC
  • H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
  • Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
  • Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pfizer Inc.
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Prepackage Specialists
  • Rebel Distributors Corp.
  • Redpharm Drug
  • Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
  • Sandhills Packaging Inc.
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • St Mary's Medical Park Pharmacy
  • Stat Rx Usa
  • Vangard Labs Inc.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
KitOral; Topical
CapsuleOral100 mg/1
CapsuleOral200 mg/1
CapsuleOral
TabletOral200 mg/1
Capsule, coatedOral100 mg
CapsuleOral400 mg/1
CapsuleOral50 mg/1
CapsuleOral100 MG
CapsuleOral200.000 mg
Capsule; kitOral100 mg/1
Capsule, liquid filledOral100 mg
TabletOral
SolutionOral25 mg/1mL
LiquidOral120 mg/4.8mL
CapsuleOral100.000 mg
Capsule, coatedOral200 mg
KitOral
Capsule, coatedOral20 mg
Capsule; kit; liquidOral; Topical
CapsuleOral200 mg
Tablet, coatedOral200 mg
Tablet, coatedOral100 mg
CapsuleOral200 mg/capsule
CapsuleOral100.00 MG
CapsuleOral200.00 MG
CapsuleOral400 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Celebrex 400 mg capsule6.78USD capsule
Celebrex 200 mg capsule4.52USD capsule
Celebrex 100 mg capsule2.75USD capsule
Celebrex 50 mg capsule1.26USD capsule
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US5972986No1999-10-262018-04-14US flag
CA2267186No2002-05-142017-10-14Canada flag
CA2177576No1999-10-262014-11-14Canada flag
US9662315No2017-05-302030-02-28US flag
US10350171No2019-07-162038-06-14US flag
US9949990No2018-04-242036-05-27US flag
US9795620No2017-10-242036-05-27US flag
US9572819No2017-02-212036-05-27US flag
US10376527No2019-08-132036-05-27US flag
US10722456No2020-07-282036-05-27US flag
US9408837No2016-08-092030-02-28US flag
US10799517No2020-10-132036-05-27US flag
US10925835No2021-02-232038-06-14US flag
US10945960No2021-03-162038-06-14US flag
US10238668No2019-03-262030-04-19US flag
US10548909No2020-02-042030-04-19US flag
US9012440No2015-04-212030-04-19US flag
US8846744No2014-09-302031-06-03US flag
US8598152No2013-12-032030-04-19US flag
US10245276No2019-04-022030-04-19US flag
US11478488No2010-04-192030-04-19US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)157-159https://www.trc-canada.com/product-detail/?C251000
boiling point (°C)529.0±60.0http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2562.html
water solubilityPoorly solublehttps://www.lclabs.com/products/c-1502-celecoxib
logP3.53https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/drugbank/msds/DB00482.pdf?1530223672
Caco2 permeability13https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/10717544.2014.916767
pKa11.1https://www.pfizermedicalinformation.com/en-us/celebrex/description
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00503 mg/mLALOGPS
logP3.99ALOGPS
logP4.01Chemaxon
logS-4.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.6Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.41Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area77.98 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count4Chemaxon
Refractivity92.23 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability35.2 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+1.0
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9713
Caco-2 permeable+0.8866
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.9287
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.8619
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.792
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8582
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.6237
CYP450 2D6 substrateSubstrate0.8919
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.5751
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.7805
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorInhibitor0.6172
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8594
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorInhibitor0.7169
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorInhibitor0.7959
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.7392
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.7185
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.7905
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable1.0
Rat acute toxicity2.3719 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9856
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8419
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0uy0-0729000000-75ddea9acd30a029b25b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0aou-3960000000-2bd7d8539498dde5c2f5
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0029000000-1a5ed66ff895eeb127ce
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0129000000-a967b7f9e88a461e3db4
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-01q9-2598000000-f71f4f9eb7c83ddf79f4
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0029000000-13ff69b3abd31dde6bae
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0009000000-fcee0c84aa8b01a1777d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-1009000000-c350e636d876f14eea12
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0009000000-cef3dad771df925a9f9d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0009000000-242a9e4b4a9202ac83b4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f89-6179000000-ff9ae0b6ba0a1e7aa6c5
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9221000000-c620b37cf257285e84cc
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-193.5309571
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-194.2210087
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-182.02634
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+194.6850571
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+195.8725328
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+184.38432
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+193.8921571
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+211.1140236
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+191.46602
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
Specific Function
Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and...
Gene Name
PTGS2
Uniprot ID
P35354
Uniprot Name
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
Molecular Weight
68995.625 Da
References
  1. Sigthorsson G, Simpson RJ, Walley M, Anthony A, Foster R, Hotz-Behoftsitz C, Palizban A, Pombo J, Watts J, Morham SG, Bjarnason I: COX-1 and 2, intestinal integrity, and pathogenesis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy in mice. Gastroenterology. 2002 Jun;122(7):1913-23. [Article]
  2. Scheiman JM: Outcomes studies of the gastrointestinal safety of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Cleve Clin J Med. 2002;69 Suppl 1:SI40-6. [Article]
  3. Reddy BS, Rao CV: Novel approaches for colon cancer prevention by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2002;21(2):155-64. [Article]
  4. Ahmad SR, Kortepeter C, Brinker A, Chen M, Beitz J: Renal failure associated with the use of celecoxib and rofecoxib. Drug Saf. 2002;25(7):537-44. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200225070-00007. [Article]
  5. Lu S, Zhang X, Badawi AF, El-Sohemy A, Archer MC: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib inhibits promotion of mammary tumorigenesis in rats fed a high fat diet rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cancer Lett. 2002 Oct 8;184(1):7-12. [Article]
  6. FDA Approved Drug Products: CELEBREX (celecoxib) oral capsules [Link]
Details
2. Carbonic anhydrase 2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion in...
Gene Name
CA2
Uniprot ID
P00918
Uniprot Name
Carbonic anhydrase 2
Molecular Weight
29245.895 Da
References
  1. Nishimori I, Minakuchi T, Onishi S, Vullo D, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the cytosolic isozyme III with sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Dec 1;15(23):7229-36. Epub 2007 Aug 25. [Article]
  2. Weber A, Casini A, Heine A, Kuhn D, Supuran CT, Scozzafava A, Klebe G: Unexpected nanomolar inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by COX-2-selective celecoxib: new pharmacological opportunities due to related binding site recognition. J Med Chem. 2004 Jan 29;47(3):550-7. [Article]
Details
3. Carbonic anhydrase 3
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.
Gene Name
CA3
Uniprot ID
P07451
Uniprot Name
Carbonic anhydrase 3
Molecular Weight
29557.215 Da
References
  1. Nishimori I, Minakuchi T, Onishi S, Vullo D, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the cytosolic isozyme III with sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Dec 1;15(23):7229-36. Epub 2007 Aug 25. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Required for proper focal adhesion assembly (PubMed:33811546). Involved in the regulation of cell migration (PubMed:33811546).
Specific Function
Cadherin binding
Gene Name
CDH11
Uniprot ID
P55287
Uniprot Name
Cadherin-11
Molecular Weight
87964.545 Da
References
  1. Assefnia S, Dakshanamurthy S, Guidry Auvil JM, Hampel C, Anastasiadis PZ, Kallakury B, Uren A, Foley DW, Brown ML, Shapiro L, Brenner M, Haigh D, Byers SW: Cadherin-11 in poor prognosis malignancies and rheumatoid arthritis: common target, common therapies. Oncotarget. 2014 Mar 30;5(6):1458-74. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.1538. [Article]
  2. Brandon Cohen; Charles V. Preuss (2019). Celecoxib, NIH StatPearls. StatPearls.
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Specific Function
Serine/threonine kinase which acts as a master kinase, phosphorylating and activating a subgroup of the AGC family of protein kinases. Its targets include: protein kinase B (PKB/AKT1, PKB/AKT2, PKB...
Gene Name
PDPK1
Uniprot ID
O15530
Uniprot Name
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
Molecular Weight
63151.305 Da
References
  1. Kulp SK, Yang YT, Hung CC, Chen KF, Lai JP, Tseng PH, Fowble JW, Ward PJ, Chen CS: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1/Akt signaling represents a major cyclooxygenase-2-independent target for celecoxib in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2004 Feb 15;64(4):1444-51. [Article]
  2. Zhu J, Huang JW, Tseng PH, Yang YT, Fowble J, Shiau CW, Shaw YJ, Kulp SK, Chen CS: From the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib to a novel class of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 15;64(12):4309-18. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-4063. [Article]
  3. Tong Z, Wu X, Ovcharenko D, Zhu J, Chen CS, Kehrer JP: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a survival factor. Biochem J. 2005 Oct 15;391(Pt 2):441-8. [Article]
  4. Li J, Zhu J, Melvin WS, Bekaii-Saab TS, Chen CS, Muscarella P: A structurally optimized celecoxib derivative inhibits human pancreatic cancer cell growth. J Gastrointest Surg. 2006 Feb;10(2):207-14. [Article]
  5. Tseng PH, Wang YC, Weng SC, Weng JR, Chen CS, Brueggemeier RW, Shapiro CL, Chen CY, Dunn SE, Pollak M, Chen CS: Overcoming trastuzumab resistance in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells by using a novel celecoxib-derived phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 inhibitor. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;70(5):1534-41. Epub 2006 Aug 3. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Exo-alpha-sialidase activity
Specific Function
Catalyzes the removal of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) moities from glycoproteins and glycolipids. To be active, it is strictly dependent on its presence in the multienzyme complex. Appears...
Gene Name
NEU1
Uniprot ID
Q99519
Uniprot Name
Sialidase-1
Molecular Weight
45466.96 Da
References
  1. Qorri B, Harless W, Szewczuk MR: Novel Molecular Mechanism of Aspirin and Celecoxib Targeting Mammalian Neuraminidase-1 Impedes Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Axis and Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020 Oct 8;14:4149-4167. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S264122. eCollection 2020. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Gong L, Thorn CF, Bertagnolli MM, Grosser T, Altman RB, Klein TE: Celecoxib pathways: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Apr;22(4):310-8. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834f94cb. [Article]
Details
2. Cytochrome P450 2C9
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID
P11712
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight
55627.365 Da
References
  1. Davies NM, McLachlan AJ, Day RO, Williams KM: Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of celecoxib: a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000 Mar;38(3):225-42. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200038030-00003. [Article]
  2. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
  3. Mo SL, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Wei MQ, Zhou SF: New insights into the structural features and functional relevance of human cytochrome P450 2C9. Part I. Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Dec;10(10):1075-126. [Article]
  4. Lin Y, Lu P, Tang C, Mei Q, Sandig G, Rodrigues AD, Rushmore TH, Shou M: Substrate inhibition kinetics for cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Apr;29(4 Pt 1):368-74. [Article]
  5. Rodrigues AD: Impact of CYP2C9 genotype on pharmacokinetics: are all cyclooxygenase inhibitors the same? Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Nov;33(11):1567-75. Epub 2005 Aug 23. [Article]
  6. Brandon Cohen; Charles V. Preuss (2019). Celecoxib, NIH StatPearls. StatPearls.
  7. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Werner U, Werner D, Rau T, Fromm MF, Hinz B, Brune K: Celecoxib inhibits metabolism of cytochrome P450 2D6 substrate metoprolol in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Aug;74(2):130-7. [Article]
  2. Siu YA, Hao MH, Dixit V, Lai WG: Celecoxib is a substrate of CYP2D6: Impact on celecoxib metabolism in individuals with CYP2C9*3 variants. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2018 Oct;33(5):219-227. doi: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Jun 19. [Article]
  3. Gong L, Thorn CF, Bertagnolli MM, Grosser T, Altman RB, Klein TE: Celecoxib pathways: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Apr;22(4):310-8. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834f94cb. [Article]
  4. Molden E, Braathen P: Celecoxib is often combined with cytochrome P450 2D6 substrates in general clinical practice. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jul;78(1):93. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.04.009. [Article]
  5. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID
P10632
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C8
Molecular Weight
55824.275 Da
References
  1. Daily EB, Aquilante CL: Cytochrome P450 2C8 pharmacogenetics: a review of clinical studies. Pharmacogenomics. 2009 Sep;10(9):1489-510. doi: 10.2217/pgs.09.82. [Article]
  2. Brandon Cohen; Charles V. Preuss (2019). Celecoxib, NIH StatPearls. StatPearls.
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
Specific Function
Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and...
Gene Name
PTGS2
Uniprot ID
P35354
Uniprot Name
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
Molecular Weight
68995.625 Da
References
  1. Qorri B, Harless W, Szewczuk MR: Novel Molecular Mechanism of Aspirin and Celecoxib Targeting Mammalian Neuraminidase-1 Impedes Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Axis and Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020 Oct 8;14:4149-4167. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S264122. eCollection 2020. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Atpase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances
Specific Function
May be an organic anion pump relevant to cellular detoxification.
Gene Name
ABCC4
Uniprot ID
O15439
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4
Molecular Weight
149525.33 Da
References
  1. Reid G, Wielinga P, Zelcer N, van der Heijden I, Kuil A, de Haas M, Wijnholds J, Borst P: The human multidrug resistance protein MRP4 functions as a prostaglandin efflux transporter and is inhibited by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9244-9. Epub 2003 Jun 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes.
Gene Name
ABCB11
Uniprot ID
O95342
Uniprot Name
Bile salt export pump
Molecular Weight
146405.83 Da
References
  1. Pedersen JM, Matsson P, Bergstrom CA, Hoogstraate J, Noren A, LeCluyse EL, Artursson P: Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft197. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Pagliarulo V, Ancona P, Niso M, Colabufo NA, Contino M, Cormio L, Azzariti A, Pagliarulo A: The interaction of celecoxib with MDR transporters enhances the activity of mitomycin C in a bladder cancer cell line. Mol Cancer. 2013 May 24;12:47. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-47. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name
ABCG2
Uniprot ID
Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Molecular Weight
72313.47 Da
References
  1. Pagliarulo V, Ancona P, Niso M, Colabufo NA, Contino M, Cormio L, Azzariti A, Pagliarulo A: The interaction of celecoxib with MDR transporters enhances the activity of mitomycin C in a bladder cancer cell line. Mol Cancer. 2013 May 24;12:47. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-47. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 19, 2024 11:06