Banner
targets (3) enzymes (4)
for drugs
Identification
Name Oxycodone
Accession Number DB00497 (APRD00387)
Type small molecule
Groups illicit, approved
Description

Semisynthetic derivative of codeine that acts as a narcotic analgesic more potent and addicting than codeine. [PubChem]

Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  • Dihydrohydroxycodeinone
  • Dihydrohydroxycondeinone
  • Dihydrone
  • Oxicodona [INN-Spanish]
  • oxycodone
  • Oxycodone Hcl
  • Oxycodone Hydrochloride
  • Oxycodonum [INN-Latin]
  • PTI-821
Brand names
  • Combunox
  • Dihydroxycodeinone
  • Dinarkon
  • Diphydrone
  • Endocet
  • Endodan
  • Endone
  • Eubine
  • Eucodal
  • Eucodalum
  • Eukodal
  • Eutagen
  • Oxanest
  • Oxicon
  • Oxicone
  • Oxikon
  • Oxycodeinone
  • Oxycodon
  • Oxycon
  • Oxycontin
  • OxyFAST
  • OxyIR
  • OxyNorm
  • Pancodine
  • Percobarb
  • Percodan
  • Percolone
  • Remoxy
  • Roxicodone
  • Supendol
  • Supeudol
  • Tecodin
  • Tekodin
  • Thecodine
  • Thekodin
Brand name mixtures
  • Combunox (Ibuprofen + Oxycodone Hydrochloride)
  • Endocet (Acetaminophen + Oxycodone Hydrochloride)
  • Endodan (Aspirin + Oxycodone Hydrochloride)
  • Percocet (Acetaminophen + Oxycodone Hydrochloride)
  • Percodan (Aspirin + Oxycodone Hydrochloride)
  • Rivacocet (Acetaminophen + Oxycodone Hydrochloride)
  • Roxicet (Acetaminophen + Oxycodone Hydrochloride)
  • Roxiprin (Aspirin + Oxycodone Hydrochloride)
  • Tylox (Acetaminophen + Oxycodone Hydrochloride)
Categories
  • Narcotics
  • Opiate Agonists
  • Antitussives
  • Analgesics, Opioid
CAS number 76-42-6
Weight Average: 315.3636
Monoisotopic: 315.147058165
Chemical Formula C18H21NO4
InChI Key InChIKey=BRUQQQPBMZOVGD-XFKAJCMBSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C18H21NO4/c1-19-8-7-17-14-10-3-4-12(22-2)15(14)23-16(17)11(20)5-6-18(17,21)13(19)9-10/h3-4,13,16,21H,5-9H2,1-2H3/t13-,16+,17+,18-/m1/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(1S,5R,13R,17S)-17-hydroxy-10-methoxy-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0^{1,13}.0^{5,17}.0^{7,18}]octadeca-7(18),8,10-trien-14-one
SMILES
[H][C@@]12OC3=C(OC)C=CC4=C3[C@@]11CCN(C)[C@]([H])(C4)[C@]1(O)CCC2=O
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Morphinans
  • Benzylisoquinolines
Substructures
  • Morphinans
  • Benzofurans
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Naphthalenes
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Benzylisoquinolines
  • Ethers
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Phenylpiperidines
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Alcohols and Polyols
  • Phenanthrenes
  • Catechols
  • Phenethylamines
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anisoles
  • Phenylpropylamines
  • (Iso)quinolines and Derivatives
  • Cyclohexenes and Derivatives
  • Phenyl Esters
  • Amphetamines
  • Catecholamines and Derivatives
  • Piperidines
  • Ketones
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of diarrhoea, pulmonary oedema and for the relief of moderate to moderately severe pain.
Pharmacodynamics Oxycodone, a semisynthetic opiate agonist derived from the opioid alkaloid, thebaine, is similar to other phenanthrene derivatives such as hydrocodone and morphine. Oxycodone is available in combination with aspirin or acetaminophen to control pain and restless leg and Tourette syndromes.
Mechanism of action Oxycodone acts as a weak agonist at mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors within the central nervous system (CNS). Oxycodone primarily affects mu-type opioid receptors, which are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as modulators, both positive and negative, of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids such as oxycodone also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (kappa-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (mu and delta receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.
Absorption Well absorbed with an oral bioavailability of 60% to 87%
Volume of distribution
  • 2.6 L/kg
Protein binding 45%
Metabolism

Hepatic

Enzyme Metabolite Reaction Km Vmax
Cytochrome P450 2D6 oxymorphone O-demethylation 130 0.16
Cytochrome P450 3A4 noroxycodone N-demethylation 600 6.58
Route of elimination Oxycodone and its metabolites are excreted primarily via the kidney.
Half life 4.5 hours
Clearance
  • 0.8 L/min [adults]
Toxicity Symptoms of overdose include respiratory depression, somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, constricted pupils, bradycardia, hypotension, and death.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways
Pathway Name SMPDB ID
Smp00409 Oxycodone Pathway SMP00409
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Mallinckrodt inc
  • Purdue pharma lp
  • Roxane laboratories inc
  • Actavis totowa llc
  • Avanthi inc
  • Corepharma llc
  • Kv pharmaceutical co
  • Sun pharmaceutical industries inc
  • Tyco healthcare mallinckrodt
  • Vintage pharmaceuticals inc
  • Xanodyne pharmaceuticals inc
  • Endo Pharmaceuticals
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Suppository Rectal
Tablet Oral
Tablet, extended release Oral
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Oxycodone hcl powder 53.64 USD g
Roxicodone 5 mg/5ml Solution 500ml Bottle 53.0 USD bottle
Roxicodone 20 mg/ml Concentrate 30ml Bottle 46.99 USD bottle
OxyCODONE HCl 20 mg/ml Concentrate 30ml Bottle 33.99 USD bottle
Oxycontin 60 mg tablet 17.08 USD tablet
OxyCONTIN 80 mg 12 Hour tablet 14.36 USD tablet
Oxycontin 20 mg tablet 11.87 USD tablet
Oxycontin 80 mg tablet 11.53 USD tablet
OxyCONTIN 60 mg 12 Hour tablet 10.57 USD tablet
Oxycontin 40 mg tablet 9.45 USD tablet
OxyCODONE HCl 80 mg 12 Hour tablet 8.33 USD tablet
OxyCONTIN 40 mg 12 Hour tablet 7.68 USD tablet
Oxycontin 10 mg tablet 6.89 USD tablet
Oxycontin 30 mg tablet 6.59 USD tablet
OxyCONTIN 30 mg 12 Hour tablet 5.8 USD tablet
Roxicodone 30 mg tablet 5.19 USD tablet
Oxycontin 80 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 4.69 USD tablet
OxyCODONE HCl 40 mg 12 Hour tablet 4.38 USD tablet
OxyCONTIN 20 mg 12 Hour tablet 4.27 USD tablet
Oxycontin 60 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 3.55 USD tablet
Oxycontin 15 mg tablet 3.22 USD tablet
Supeudol 20 mg Suppository 2.95 USD suppository
Roxicodone 15 mg tablet 2.83 USD tablet
Oxycodone hcl 10 mg tablet 2.82 USD tablet
Endocet 10-650 mg tablet 2.7 USD tablet
Endocet 7.5-325 mg tablet 2.54 USD tablet
Oxycontin 40 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 2.54 USD tablet
OxyCONTIN 10 mg 12 Hour tablet 2.53 USD tablet
Supeudol 10 mg Suppository 2.33 USD suppository
Roxicodone intensol 20 mg/ml 2.3 USD ml
Endocet 7.5-500 mg tablet 2.22 USD tablet
Oxycodone-apap 2.5-325 mg tablet 2.05 USD tablet
Percodan 4.5-0.38-325 mg tablet 1.98 USD tablet
Oxycontin 30 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 1.96 USD tablet
Endocet 10-325 mg tablet 1.87 USD tablet
Endocet 5-325 tablet 1.82 USD tablet
Percodan tablet 1.62 USD tablet
Oxycontin 20 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 1.46 USD tablet
Dazidox 20 mg tablet 1.44 USD tablet
Oxycodone hcl 30 mg tablet 1.41 USD tablet
Oxycontin 15 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 1.19 USD tablet
Endodan 4.83-325 mg tablet 1.18 USD tablet
Oxycodone hcl 20 mg tablet 1.1 USD tablet
Oxycontin 10 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.98 USD tablet
Oxycodone hcl 15 mg tablet 0.9 USD tablet
Oxycodone hcl 5 mg tablet 0.81 USD tablet
Dazidox 10 mg tablet 0.75 USD tablet
Oxy-Ir 20 mg Tablet 0.74 USD tablet
OxyCODONE HCl 5 mg capsule 0.71 USD capsule
Oxycontin 5 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.7 USD tablet
Endocet 5-325 mg tablet 0.6 USD tablet
Roxicodone 5 mg tablet 0.56 USD tablet
Oxyir 5 mg capsule 0.52 USD capsule
Oxy-Ir 10 mg Tablet 0.43 USD tablet
Pms-Oxycodone 20 mg Tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Supeudol 20 mg Tablet 0.42 USD tablet
Oxycodone 5 mg tablet 0.36 USD tablet
Pms-Oxycodone 10 mg Tablet 0.24 USD tablet
Supeudol 10 mg Tablet 0.24 USD tablet
Pms-Oxycodone 5 mg Tablet 0.14 USD tablet
Supeudol 5 mg Tablet 0.14 USD tablet
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires
United States 7674799 2005-03-30 2025-03-30
United States 5508042 1993-04-16 2013-04-16
Canada 2098738 1999-08-17 2012-11-25
Properties
State solid
Melting point 218-220 oC
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 100 mg/ml PhysProp
logP 0.3 PhysProp
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 5.59e+00 g/l ALOGPS
logP 1.04 ALOGPS
logP 1.03 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -1.75 ALOGPS
pKa 16.17 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 5 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 1 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 59.00 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 1 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 84.04 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 32.80 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Ordonez Gallego A, Gonzalez Baron M, Espinosa Arranz E: Oxycodone: a pharmacological and clinical review. Clin Transl Oncol. 2007 May;9(5):298-307. Pubmed
  2. Riley J, Eisenberg E, Muller-Schwefe G, Drewes AM, Arendt-Nielsen L: Oxycodone: a review of its use in the management of pain. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008 Jan;24(1):175-92. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D05312 Link_out
KEGG Compound C08018 Link_out
PubChem Compound 5284603 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46508908 Link_out
ChemSpider 4447649 Link_out
ChEBI 7852 Link_out
ChEMBL 7852 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000283 Link_out
PharmGKB PA450741 Link_out
Drug Product Database 2262983 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/oxyco.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/oxycodone.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxycodone Link_out
ATC Codes
  • N02AA05
AHFS Codes
  • 28:08.08
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label show (688.7 KB)
MSDS show (50.5 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions
  • Take without regard to meals. Avoid alcohol.
Targets

1. Mu-type opioid receptor

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

Inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance. Receptor for beta-endorphin

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P35372 Link_out
Gene: OPRM1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ordonez Gallego A, Gonzalez Baron M, Espinosa Arranz E: Oxycodone: a pharmacological and clinical review. Clin Transl Oncol. 2007 May;9(5):298-307. Pubmed
  2. Riley J, Eisenberg E, Muller-Schwefe G, Drewes AM, Arendt-Nielsen L: Oxycodone: a review of its use in the management of pain. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008 Jan;24(1):175-92. Pubmed
  3. Dietis N, Guerrini R, Calo G, Salvadori S, Rowbotham DJ, Lambert DG: Simultaneous targeting of multiple opioid receptors: a strategy to improve side-effect profile. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Jul;103(1):38-49. Epub 2009 May 27. Pubmed

2. Kappa-type opioid receptor

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

Inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance. Receptor for dynorphins. May play a role in arousal and regulation of autonomic and neuroendocrine functions

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P41145 Link_out
Gene: OPRK1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ordonez Gallego A, Gonzalez Baron M, Espinosa Arranz E: Oxycodone: a pharmacological and clinical review. Clin Transl Oncol. 2007 May;9(5):298-307. Pubmed
  2. Riley J, Eisenberg E, Muller-Schwefe G, Drewes AM, Arendt-Nielsen L: Oxycodone: a review of its use in the management of pain. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008 Jan;24(1):175-92. Pubmed
  3. Nielsen CK, Ross FB, Lotfipour S, Saini KS, Edwards SR, Smith MT: Oxycodone and morphine have distinctly different pharmacological profiles: radioligand binding and behavioural studies in two rat models of neuropathic pain. Pain. 2007 Dec 5;132(3):289-300. Epub 2007 Apr 30. Pubmed

3. Delta-type opioid receptor

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

Inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance. Highly stereoselective. receptor for enkephalins

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P41143 Link_out
Gene: OPRD1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ordonez Gallego A, Gonzalez Baron M, Espinosa Arranz E: Oxycodone: a pharmacological and clinical review. Clin Transl Oncol. 2007 May;9(5):298-307. Pubmed
  2. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2D6

Actions: substrate

Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants

UniProt ID: P10635 Link_out
Gene: CYP2D6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
  3. Lalovic B, Phillips B, Risler LL, Howald W, Shen DD: Quantitative contribution of CYP2D6 and CYP3A to oxycodone metabolism in human liver and intestinal microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Apr;32(4):447-54. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Lalovic B, Phillips B, Risler LL, Howald W, Shen DD: Quantitative contribution of CYP2D6 and CYP3A to oxycodone metabolism in human liver and intestinal microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Apr;32(4):447-54. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 3A5

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20815 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 3A7

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P24462 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on April 19, 2011 15:04

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.