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Identification
Name Oxaliplatin
Accession Number DB00526 (APRD00186)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapy drug in the same family as cisplatin and carboplatin. It is typically administered in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin in a combination known as Folfox for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Compared to cisplatin the two amine groups are replaced by cyclohexyldiamine for improved antitumour activity. The chlorine ligands are replaced by the oxalato bidentate derived from oxalic acid in order to improve water solubility. Oxaliplatin is marketed by Sanofi-Aventis under the trademark Eloxatin®.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  • Oxaliplatin [Usan:Inn:Ban]
  • Oxaliplatino [Spanish]
  • Oxaliplatinum [Latin]
  • Oxaloplatine [French]
  • Oxaloplatino [Spanish]
Synonyms
Oxaliplatin [Usan:Inn:Ban]
Oxaliplatino [Spanish]
Oxaliplatinum [Latin]
Oxaloplatine [French]
Oxaloplatino [Spanish]
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Eloxatin Sanofi-Aventis
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Antineoplastic Agents
CAS number 61825-94-3
Weight Average: 395.276
Monoisotopic: 395.044481331
Chemical Formula C8H12N2O4Pt
InChI Key InChIKey=ZROHGHOFXNOHSO-BNTLRKBRSA-L
InChI
InChI=1S/C6H14N2.C2H2O4.Pt/c7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8;3-1(4)2(5)6;/h5-6H,1-4,7-8H2;(H,3,4)(H,5,6);/q;;+2/p-2/t5-,6-;;/m1../s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(3aR,7aR)-octahydro-2',5'-dioxaspiro[cyclohexa[d]1,3-diaza-2-platinacyclopentane-2,1'-cyclopentane]-3',4'-dione
SMILES
O=C1O[Pt]2(N[C@@H]3CCCC[C@H]3N2)OC1=O
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Keto-Acids
Substructures
  • Anions
  • Acetates
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Keto-Acids
  • Cations
Pharmacology
Indication Used in combination with infusional 5-FU/LV, is indicated for the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the colon or rectum and for adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer patients who have undergone complete resection of the primary tumor.
Pharmacodynamics Oxaliplatin selectively inhibits the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The guanine and cytosine content correlates with the degree of Oxaliplatin-induced cross-linking. At high concentrations of the drug, cellular RNA and protein synthesis are also suppressed.
Mechanism of action After activation, oxaliplatin binds preferentially to the guanine and cytosine moieties of DNA, leading to cross-linking of DNA, thus inhibiting DNA synthesis and function.
Absorption Bioavailability is complete following intravenous administration.
Volume of distribution
  • 440 L
Protein binding Plasma protein binding of platinum (active metabolite) is irreversible and is greater than 90%.
Metabolism Oxaliplatin undergoes nonenzymatic conversion in physiologic solutions to active derivatives via displacement of the labile oxalate ligand. Several transient reactive species are formed, including monoaquo and diaquo DACH platinum, which covalently bind with macromolecules. There is no evidence of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism in vitro.
Route of elimination The major route of platinum elimination is renal excretion. At five days after a single 2-hour infusion of oxaliplatin, urinary elimination accounted for about 54% of the platinum eliminated, with fecal excretion accounting for only about 2%.
Half life Approximately 10 - 25 minutes
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity There have been five cases of oxaliplatin overdose reported. One patient received two 130 mg/m2 doses of oxaliplatin (cumulative dose of 260 mg/m2) within a 24-hour period. The patient experienced Grade 4 thrombocytopenia (<25,000/mm3) without any bleeding, which resolved. Two other patients were mistakenly administered oxaliplatin instead of carboplatin. One patient received a total oxaliplatin dose of 500 mg and the other received 650 mg. The first patient experienced dyspnea, wheezing, paresthesia, profuse vomiting and chest pain on the day of administration. She developed respiratory failure and severe bradycardia, and subsequently did not respond to resuscitation efforts. The other patient also experienced dyspnea, wheezing, paresthesia, and vomiting.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Sanofi aventis us llc
  • App pharmaceuticals llc
  • Ebewe pharma ges mbh nfg kg
  • Fresenius kabi oncology plc
  • Hospira inc
  • Hospira worldwide pty
  • Sun pharma global inc
  • Teva parenteral medicines inc
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Powder, for solution Intravenous
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Oxaliplatin 100 mg vial 1650.0 USD vial
Oxaliplatin 50 mg vial 825.0 USD vial
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires (estimated)
United States 5420319 1997-02-09 2017-02-09
United States 5290961 1993-01-12 2013-01-12
Canada 2196922 2004-06-01 2015-08-07
Properties
State solid
Melting point Not Available
Experimental Properties Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 2.75e+01 g/l ALOGPS
logP -0.47 ALOGPS
logP 1.73 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -1.2 ALOGPS
pKa 0 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 4 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 76.66 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 0 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 65.92 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 21.29 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Pasetto LM, D’Andrea MR, Rossi E, Monfardini S: Oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity: how and why? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2006 Aug;59(2):159-68. Epub 2006 Jun 27. Pubmed
  2. Graham J, Mushin M, Kirkpatrick P: Oxaliplatin. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004 Jan;3(1):11-2. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D01790 Link_out
PubChem Compound 6857599 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46509083 Link_out
ChemSpider 8062727 Link_out
ChEBI 31941 Link_out
ChEMBL 31941 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000062 Link_out
PharmGKB PA13128552 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/eloxatin.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/oxaliplatin.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxaliplatin Link_out
ATC Codes
  • L01XA03
AHFS Codes Not Available
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label show (2.35 MB)
MSDS show (38.4 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Topotecan Administration of Topotecan after Oxaliplatin therapy may increase the risk of hematologic toxicity, such as neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia. A dose adjustment may be required or the sequence of administration reversed.
Trastuzumab Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. DNA

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: cross-linking/alkylation

DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes.

Gene Sequence: FASTA

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Sharma S, Gong P, Temple B, Bhattacharyya D, Dokholyan NV, Chaney SG: Molecular Dynamic Simulations of Cisplatin- and Oxaliplatin-d(GG) Intrastand Cross-links Reveal Differences in their Conformational Dynamics. J Mol Biol. 2007 Aug 23;. Pubmed
  4. Zhu G, Chang P, Lippard SJ: Recognition of platinum-DNA damage by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Biochemistry. 2010 Jul 27;49(29):6177-83. Pubmed
  5. Ramachandran S, Temple BR, Chaney SG, Dokholyan NV: Structural basis for the sequence-dependent effects of platinum-DNA adducts. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 May;37(8):2434-48. Epub 2009 Mar 2. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 1A1

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P04798 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen

UniProt ID: P05177 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 1B1

Actions: substrate

Participates in the metabolism of an as-yet-unknown biologically active molecule that is a participant in eye development

UniProt ID: Q16678 Link_out
Gene: CYP1B1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 2E1

Actions: substrate

Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms

UniProt ID: P05181 Link_out
Gene: CYP2E1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Solute carrier family 22 member 2

Actions: substrate

Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin may develop a nephrotoxic action. Transport of creatinine is inhibited by fluoroquinolones such as DX-619 and LVFX. This transporter is a major determinant of the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin and may contribute to antitumor specificity

UniProt ID: O15244 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Burger H, Zoumaro-Djayoon A, Boersma AW, Helleman J, Berns EM, Mathijssen RH, Loos WJ, Wiemer EA: Differential transport of platinum compounds by the human organic cation transporter hOCT2 (hSLC22A2). Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Feb;159(4):898-908. Epub 2010 Jan 8. Pubmed

2. Solute carrier family 22 member 1

Actions: substrate

Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin- dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase

UniProt ID: O15245 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ahlin G, Karlsson J, Pedersen JM, Gustavsson L, Larsson R, Matsson P, Norinder U, Bergstrom CA, Artursson P: Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1. J Med Chem. 2008 Oct 9;51(19):5932-42. Epub 2008 Sep 13. Pubmed

3. High affinity copper uptake protein 1

Actions: substrate

Involved in high-affinity copper uptake

UniProt ID: O15431 Link_out
Gene: SLC31A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Howell SB, Safaei R, Larson CA, Sailor MJ: Copper transporters and the cellular pharmacology of the platinum-containing cancer drugs. Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Jun;77(6):887-94. Epub 2010 Feb 16. Pubmed

4. Solute carrier family 22 member 3

Actions: substrate

Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain

UniProt ID: O75751 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yokoo S, Masuda S, Yonezawa A, Terada T, Katsura T, Inui K: Significance of organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3) expression for the cytotoxic effect of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Nov;36(11):2299-306. Epub 2008 Aug 18. Pubmed

5. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2

Actions: substrate

Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. May be involved in brain-to-blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 123

UniProt ID: Q9UNQ0 Link_out
Gene: ABCG2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ceckova M, Vackova Z, Radilova H, Libra A, Buncek M, Staud F: Effect of ABCG2 on cytotoxicity of platinum drugs: interference of EGFP. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Dec;22(8):1846-52. Epub 2008 Sep 9. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 14, 2012 11:42