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Identification
Name Fluorouracil
Accession Number DB00544 (APRD00516, EXPT03204)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the thymidylate synthetase conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms Not Available
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
5 Fluorouracil
Adrucil
Arumel
Carac
Carzonal
Effluderm
Efudex
Efudix
Efurix
Fluoroblastin
Fluoroplex
Fluracil
Fluracilum
Fluri
Fluril
Fluro Uracil
Ftoruracil
FU
Kecimeton
Phthoruracil
Phtoruracil
Queroplex
Timazin
Ulup
URF
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Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Antimetabolites
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic
CAS number 51-21-8
Weight Average: 130.0772
Monoisotopic: 130.017855555
Chemical Formula C4H3FN2O2
InChI Key InChIKey=GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C4H3FN2O2/c5-2-1-6-4(9)7-3(2)8/h1H,(H2,6,7,8,9)
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
5-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione
SMILES
FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O
Plain Text
Mass Spec show (7.93 KB)
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Pyrimidines and Derivatives
Substructures
  • Pyrimidines and Derivatives
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Cyanamides
  • Aryl Halides
Pharmacology
Indication For the topical treatment of multiple actinic or solar keratoses. In the 5% strength it is also useful in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas when conventional methods are impractical, such as with multiple lesions or difficult treatment sites. Fluorouracil injection is indicated in the palliative management of some types of cancer, including colon, esophageal, gastric, rectum, breast, biliary tract, stomach, head and neck, cervical, pancreas, renal cell, and carcinoid.
Pharmacodynamics Fluorouracil is an antineoplastic anti-metabolite. Anti-metabolites masquerade as purine or pyrimidine - which become the building blocks of DNA. They prevent these substances from becoming incorporated into DNA during the "S" phase (of the cell cycle), stopping normal development and division. Fluorouracil blocks an enzyme which converts the cytosine nucleotide into the deoxy derivative. In addition, DNA synthesis is further inhibited because Fluorouracil blocks the incorporation of the thymidine nucleotide into the DNA strand.
Mechanism of action The precise mechanism of action has not been fully determined, but the main mechanism of fluorouracil is thought to be the binding of the deoxyribonucleotide of the drug (FdUMP) and the folate cofactor, N5–10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, to thymidylate synthase (TS) to form a covalently bound ternary complex. This results in the inhibition of the formation of thymidylate from uracil, which leads to the inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis and cell death. Fluorouracil can also be incorporated into RNA in place of uridine triphosphate (UTP), producing a fraudulent RNA and interfering with RNA processing and protein synthesis.
Absorption 28-100%
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 8-12%
Metabolism
Hepatic
Route of elimination Seven percent to 20% of the parent drug is excreted unchanged in the urine in 6 hours; of this over 90% is excreted in the first hour. The remaining percentage of the administered dose is metabolized, primarily in the liver.
Half life 10-20 minutes
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity LD50=230mg/kg (orally in mice)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways
Pathway Name SMPDB ID
Smp00469 Capecitabine Pathway SMP00469
Smp00470 Fluorouracil Pathway SMP00470
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Sanofi aventis us llc
  • Valeant pharmaceuticals international
  • Allergan herbert skin care div allergan inc
  • Spear pharmaceuticals inc
  • Taro pharmaceutical industries ltd
  • Pharmacia and upjohn co
  • Teva parenteral medicines inc
  • Abic ltd
  • Abraxis pharmaceutical products
  • App pharmaceuticals llc
  • Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
  • Bioniche pharma usa llc
  • Ebewe pharma ges mbh nfg kg
  • Marchar laboratories inc ltd
  • Smith and nephew solopak div smith and nephew
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Elorac inc
  • Taro pharmaceuticals usa inc
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Cream Topical
Solution Intravenous
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Efudex 5% Cream 40 gm Tube 478.39 USD tube
Fluoroplex 1% Cream 30 gm Tube 268.61 USD tube
Fluorouracil 5% Cream 40 gm Tube 249.98 USD tube
Carac 0.5% Cream 30 gm Tube 209.77 USD tube
Efudex 5% Solution 10ml Bottle 136.51 USD bottle
Fluorouracil 5% Solution 10ml Bottle 115.78 USD bottle
Fluorouracil 2% Solution 10ml Bottle 78.63 USD bottle
Efudex 5% cream 10.28 USD g
Fluorouracil 5% cream 9.62 USD g
Fluorouracil powder 8.45 USD g
Fluoroplex 1% cream 7.85 USD g
Carac cream 6.43 USD g
Efudex 50 mg/g Cream 0.9 USD g
Fluorouracil 50 mg/ml Solution 0.52 USD ml
Adrucil 50 mg/ml vial 0.4 USD ml
Fluorouracil 5000 mg/100 ml 0.28 USD ml
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DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires (estimated)
United States 6670335 2001-06-02 2021-06-02
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 283 °C PhysProp
water solubility 1.11E+004 mg/L (at 22 °C) BURR,A & BUNDGAARD,H (1985)
logP -0.89 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
logS -1.07 ADME Research, USCD
pKa 8.02 SANGSTER (1994)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 5.86e+00 g/l ALOGPS
logP -0.58 ALOGPS
logP -0.66 ChemAxon
logS -1.4 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 7.76 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) -8 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 2 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon
polar surface area 58.2 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 0 ChemAxon
refractivity 26.17 ChemAxon
polarizability 9.46 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Longley DB, Harkin DP, Johnston PG: 5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 May;3(5):330-8. Pubmed
  2. Petty RD, Cassidy J: Novel fluoropyrimidines: improving the efficacy and tolerability of cytotoxic therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2004 Mar;4(2):191-204. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D00584 Link_out
KEGG Compound C07649 Link_out
PubChem Compound 3385 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46508557 Link_out
ChemSpider 3268 Link_out
ChEBI 46345 Link_out
ChEMBL 46345 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000829 Link_out
PharmGKB PA128406956 Link_out
HET URF Link_out
Drug Product Database 2182742 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/carac.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/fluorouracil.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorouracil Link_out
ATC Codes
  • L01BC02
AHFS Codes
  • 84:92.00
  • 10:00.00
PDB Entries
FDA label show (378 KB)
MSDS show (74 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acenocoumarol The antineoplasic agent, fluorouracil, may increase the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol.
Anisindione The antineoplasic agent, fluorouracil, may increase the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
Dicumarol The antineoplasic agent, fluorouracil, may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.
Ethotoin Fluorouracil increases the effect of hydantoin
Fosphenytoin Fluorouracil increases the effect of hydantoin
Mephenytoin Fluorouracil increases the effect of hydantoin
Metronidazole Risk of 5-FU toxicity when associated with metronidazole
Phenytoin Fluorouracil increases the effect of hydantoin
Tamoxifen Fluorouracil may reduce clearance rate of Tamoxifen. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamoxifen if Fluorouracil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Temsirolimus Co-administration of Temsirolimus and Fluorouracil may result in serious adverse drug reactions.
Tolbutamide Fluorouracil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Fluorouracil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Torasemide Fluorouracil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of Torasemide, a CYP2C9 substrate, by decreasing Torasemide metabolism and clearance. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Torasemide if Fluorouracil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Trastuzumab Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.
Trimethoprim The strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, Fluorouracil, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Trimethoprim, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in therapeutic and adverse effects of Trimethoprim if Fluorouracil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Voriconazole Fluorouracil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of voriconazole by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of voriconazole if fluorouracil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Warfarin Fluorouracil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism of warfarin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of warfarin if fluorouracil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Zafirlukast Fluorouracil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of zafirlukast. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in zafirlukast therapeutic and adverse effects if fluorouracil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Food Interactions
  • Vitamin B1 needs increased with long term use.
Targets

1. Thymidylate synthase

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: other/unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P04818 Link_out
Gene: TYMS Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Formentini A, Sander S, Denzer S, Straeter J, Henne-Bruns D, Kornmann M: Thymidylate synthase expression in resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer: role as predictive or prognostic marker? Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007 Jan;22(1):49-55. Epub 2006 Mar 15. Pubmed
  2. Huang CL, Yokomise H, Fukushima M, Kinoshita M: Tailor-made chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Future Oncol. 2006 Apr;2(2):289-99. Pubmed
  3. Fernandez-Contreras ME, Sanchez-Prudencio S, Sanchez-Hernandez JJ, Garcia de Paredes ML, Gisbert JP, Roda-Navarro P, Gamallo C: Thymidylate synthase expression pattern, expression level and single nucleotide polymorphism are predictors for disease-free survival in patients of colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil. Int J Oncol. 2006 May;28(5):1303-10. Pubmed
  4. Garcia V, Garcia JM, Pena C, Silva J, Dominguez G, Hurtado A, Alonso I, Rodriguez R, Provencio M, Bonilla F: Thymidylate synthase messenger RNA expression in plasma from patients with colon cancer: prognostic potential. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Apr 1;12(7 Pt 1):2095-100. Pubmed
  5. Ploylearmsaeng SA, Fuhr U, Jetter A: How may anticancer chemotherapy with fluorouracil be individualised? Clin Pharmacokinet. 2006;45(6):567-92. Pubmed
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  7. Rustum YM: Thymidylate synthase: a critical target in cancer therapy? Front Biosci. 2004 Sep 1;9:2467-73. Pubmed

2. DNA

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: incorporation into and destabilization

DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes.

Gene Sequence: FASTA

References:
  1. Wyatt MD, Wilson DM 3rd: Participation of DNA repair in the response to 5-fluorouracil. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 Mar;66(5):788-99. Pubmed
  2. Ghoshal K, Jacob ST: An alternative molecular mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil, a potent anticancer drug. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Jun 1;53(11):1569-75. Pubmed
  3. Longley DB, Harkin DP, Johnston PG: 5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 May;3(5):330-8. Pubmed
  4. Petty RD, Cassidy J: Novel fluoropyrimidines: improving the efficacy and tolerability of cytotoxic therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2004 Mar;4(2):191-204. Pubmed

3. RNA

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: incorporation into and destabilization

References:
  1. Wyatt MD, Wilson DM 3rd: Participation of DNA repair in the response to 5-fluorouracil. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 Mar;66(5):788-99. Pubmed
  2. Ghoshal K, Jacob ST: An alternative molecular mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil, a potent anticancer drug. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Jun 1;53(11):1569-75. Pubmed
  3. Longley DB, Harkin DP, Johnston PG: 5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 May;3(5):330-8. Pubmed
  4. Petty RD, Cassidy J: Novel fluoropyrimidines: improving the efficacy and tolerability of cytotoxic therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2004 Mar;4(2):191-204. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan

UniProt ID: P11712 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C9
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen

UniProt ID: P05177 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

3. Thymidine phosphorylase

Actions: substrate

Catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of thymidine. The produced molecules are then utilized as carbon and energy sources or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis

UniProt ID: P19971 Link_out
Gene: ECGF1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Scartozzi M, Maccaroni E, Giampieri R, Pistelli M, Bittoni A, Del Prete M, Berardi R, Cascinu S: 5-Fluorouracil pharmacogenomics: still rocking after all these years? Pharmacogenomics. 2011 Feb;12(2):251-65. Pubmed

4. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+]

Actions: substrate

Involved in pyrimidine base degradation. Catalyzes the reduction of uracil and thymine. Also involved the degradation of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil

UniProt ID: Q12882 Link_out
Gene: DPYD Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ho DH, Townsend L, Luna MA, Bodey GP: Distribution and inhibition of dihydrouracil dehydrogenase activities in human tissues using 5-fluorouracil as a substrate. Anticancer Res. 1986 Jul-Aug;6(4):781-4. Pubmed
  2. Keizer HJ, De Bruijn EA, Tjaden UR, De Clercq E: Inhibition of fluorouracil catabolism in cancer patients by the antiviral agent (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2’-deoxyuridine. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1994;120(9):545-9. Pubmed

5. Uridine phosphorylase 1

Actions: substrate

Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylytic cleavage of uridine and deoxyuridine to uracil and ribose- or deoxyribose-1- phosphate. The produced molecules are then utilized as carbon and energy sources or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis

UniProt ID: Q16831 Link_out
Gene: UPP1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yan R, Wan L, Pizzorno G, Cao D: Uridine phosphorylase in breast cancer: a new prognostic factor? Front Biosci. 2006 Sep 1;11:2759-66. Pubmed

6. Uridine phosphorylase 2

Actions: substrate

Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylytic cleavage of uridine and deoxyuridine to uracil and ribose- or deoxyribose-1- phosphate. The produced molecules are then utilized as carbon and energy sources or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis. Shows substrate specificity and accept uridine, deoxyuridine, and thymidine as well as the two pyrimidine nucleoside analogs 5-fluorouridine and 5-fluoro-2(')-deoxyuridine as substrates

UniProt ID: O95045 Link_out
Gene: UPP2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Yan R, Wan L, Pizzorno G, Cao D: Uridine phosphorylase in breast cancer: a new prognostic factor? Front Biosci. 2006 Sep 1;11:2759-66. Pubmed

7. Cytochrome P450 2A6

Actions: substrate

Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase

UniProt ID: P11509 Link_out
Gene: CYP2A6
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

8. Cytochrome P450 2C8

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti- cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol)

UniProt ID: P10632 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C8
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

9. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

Actions: substrate

Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10- methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co- substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine

UniProt ID: P42898 Link_out
Gene: MTHFR Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Scartozzi M, Maccaroni E, Giampieri R, Pistelli M, Bittoni A, Del Prete M, Berardi R, Cascinu S: 5-Fluorouracil pharmacogenomics: still rocking after all these years? Pharmacogenomics. 2011 Feb;12(2):251-65. Pubmed

10. Thymidylate synthase

Actions: substrate
UniProt ID: P04818 Link_out
Gene: TYMS Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Scartozzi M, Maccaroni E, Giampieri R, Pistelli M, Bittoni A, Del Prete M, Berardi R, Cascinu S: 5-Fluorouracil pharmacogenomics: still rocking after all these years? Pharmacogenomics. 2011 Feb;12(2):251-65. Pubmed
Carriers

1. Serum albumin

Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood

UniProt ID: P02768 Link_out
Gene: ALB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Sulkowska A, Bojko B, Rownicka J, Sulkowski W: Competition of drugs to serum albumin in combination therapy. Biopolymers. 2004 Jun 15;74(3):256-62. Pubmed
  2. Bertucci C, Ascoli G, Uccello-Barretta G, Di Bari L, Salvadori P: The binding of 5-fluorouracil to native and modified human serum albumin: UV, CD, and 1H and 19F NMR investigation. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1995 Aug;13(9):1087-93. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19