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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-02-19 16:05:10
Primary Accession Number DB00709
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00681
Name Lamivudine
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Investigational
  • Small Molecule
Description A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and zalcitabine analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. Lamivudine [Usan:Ban:Inn]
  2. lamivudine
Brand Names
  1. 3TC
  2. Epivir
  3. Epivir-HBV
  4. Epzicom
  5. Hepitec
  6. Heptovir
  7. Zeffix
Brand Mixtures
  1. Combivir (Lamivudine + Zidovudine)
  2. Kivexa (Abacavir (Abacavir Sulfate) + Lamivudine)
  3. Trizivir (Abacavir (Abacavir Sulfate) + Lamivudine + Zidovudine)
Chemical IUPAC Name 4-amino-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]pyrimidin-2-one
Chemical Formula C8H11N3O3S
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 134678-17-4
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C8H11N3O3S/c9-5-1-2-11(8(13)10-5)6-4-15-7(3-12)14-6/h1-2,6-7,12H,3-4H2,(H2,9,10,13)/t6-,7+/m0/s1/f/h9H2
InChI Key JTEGQNOMFQHVDC-IRNSGEEPDS
KEGG Drug D00353 Link Image
KEGG Compound C07065 Link Image
PubChem Compound 60825 Link Image
PubChem Substance 197069 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA450163 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02239194 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/lamivudine.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/com1513.shtml Link Image
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamivudine Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 229.2560
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 229.0521
State Solid
Melting Point 160-162 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 70 mg/ml Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 2.76e+00 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity -1.4 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP -1.28 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -1.92 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1)[C@@H]1CS[C@H](CO)O1
Canonical SMILES NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1)C1CSC(CO)O1
Drug Category
  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
  • Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 08:18.08.20
Indication For the treatment of HIV infection and chronic hepatitis B (HBV).
Pharmacology Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis B (HBV). Lamivudine is phosphorylated to active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. They inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. The lack of a 3'-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation, and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated.
Mechanism of Action Lamivudine is a synthetic nucleoside analogue and is phosphorylated intracellularly to its active 5'-triphosphate metabolite, lamivudine triphosphate (L-TP). This nucleoside analogue is incorporated into viral DNA by HIV reverse transcriptase and HBV polymerase, resulting in DNA chain termination.
Absorption Lamivudine was rapidly absorbed after oral administration in HIV-infected patients. Absolute bioavailability in adults is 86% ± 16% for the tablet and 87% ± 13% for the oral solution.
Toxicity Not Available
Protein Binding 36%
Biotransformation The only detected metabolite of lamivudine is trans-sulfoxide.
Half Life 5 to 7 hours
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Solution Oral
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Zalcitabine Lamivudine decreases the efficacy of zalcitabine
Food Interactions
  • Take without regard to meals. Food does not decrease the extent of absorption, but it decreases the Cmax by slowing the rate of absorption.
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Fox Z, Dragsted UB, Gerstoft J, Phillips AN, Kjaer J, Mathiesen L, Youle M, Katlama C, Hill A, Bruun JN, Clumeck N, Dellamonica P, Lundgren JD: A randomized trial to evaluate continuation versus discontinuation of lamivudine in individuals failing a lamivudine-containing regimen: the COLATE trial. Antivir Ther. 2006;11(6):761-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Drugs.com Link Image
  3. Wikipedia Link Image
  4. RxList Link Image
  5. PDRhealth Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Hepatitis B virus
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Targets
  1. P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase
  2. Gag-Pol polyprotein
  3. DNA
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 612
Target 1 Name P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. EC 3.1.26.4]
  2. RNA- directed DNA polymerase
  3. Ribonuclease H
Target 1 Gene Name P
Target 1 Protein Sequence >P protein [Includes: DNA-directed DNA polymerase 
MPLSYPHFRKLLLLDDEAGPLEEELPRLADEDLNRRVAADLNLQLPNVSIPWTHKVGNFT
GLYSSTVPAFNPNWSTPSFPDIHLHQDLISKCEQFVGPLTKNELRRLKLVMPARFYPKVT
KYFPMDKGIKPYYPEHAVNHYFKTRHYLHTLWKAGILYKRESTRSASFCGSPYSWEQELQ
HGSTSLNDTKRHGTESLCAQSSGILSRPSAGSAIQSKFQQSRLGLQHKQGQLANGKQGRS
GRLRSRVHTPTRWPAGVEPSSTRCVNNLASRSASCFHQSAVREKANPSLSTSKRHTSTGN
AVELNPVPPSSVGSQGKGSVLPCWWLQFRDTEPCSDYCLSHIINLLEDWGPCYEHGQHYI
RTPRTPARVTGGVFLVDKNPHNTTESRLVVDFSQFSRGTTRVSWPKFAVPNLQSLTNLLS
SNLSWLSLDVSAAFYHLPLHPAAMPHLLVGSSGLSRYVARLSSTSRIHDHQHGTLQNLHN
SCTRNLYVSLLLLFQTLGRKLHLYSHPIILGFRKIPMGVGLSPFLLAQFTSAICSVVRRA
FPHCLAFSYMDDLVLGAKSVQHLESLYTAVTNFLLSVGIHLNTSKTKRWGYSLHFMGYVI
GSWGSLPQDHIVHKIKECFRKLPVNRPIDWKVCQRIVGLLGFAAPFTQCGYPALMPLYAC
ITAKQAFVFSPTYKAFLCKQYMNLYPVARQRPGLCQVFADATPTGWGLAIGHQRMRGTFV
APLPIHTAELLAACFARSRSGATLIGTDNSVVLSRKYTSFPWLLGCAANWILRGTSFVYV
PSALNPADDPSRGRLGLYRPLLRLPFQPTTGRTSLYADSPSVPSHLPDRVHFASPLHVAW
RPP
Target 1 Number of Residues 857
Target 1 Molecular Weight 94259
Target 1 Theoretical pI 10.12
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
RNA binding
transferase activity
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
nucleotidyltransferase activity
DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
binding
nucleic acid binding
DNA binding
catalytic activity
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
nuclease activity
endonuclease activity
endoribonuclease activity
endoribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
ribonuclease H activity
Process
RNA-dependent DNA replication
physiological process
metabolism
cellular metabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
DNA metabolism
DNA replication
Component
Not Available
Target 1 General Function Involved in RNA binding
Target 1 Specific Function Not Available
Target 1 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
DNA polymerase map03030 Link Image
Purine metabolism SMP00050 Link Image map00230 Link Image
Pyrimidine metabolism SMP00046 Link Image map00240 Link Image
Target 1 Reactions
  • deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 59427 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q05486 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name DPOL_HBVA4 Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasmic
Target 1 Gene Sequence >2532 bp 
ATGCCCCTATCCTATCCACACTTCCGGAAACTACTGTTGTTAGACGACGAGGCAGGTCCC
CTAGAAGAAGAACTCCCTCGCCTCGCAGACGAAGATCTCAATCGCCGCGTCGCCGCAGAT
CTCAATCTCCAGCTTCCCAATGTTAGTATTCCTTGGACTCATAAGGTGGGAAACTTTACG
GGGCTTTACTCTTCTACTGTGCCTGCTTTTAATCCTAACTGGTCCACTCCTTCTTTTCCT
GATATTCATTTGCATCAAGACCTGATTTCTAAATGTGAACAATTTGTAGGCCCACTTACT
AAAAATGAATTACGAAGATTAAAATTGGTTATGCCAGCTAGATTTTATCCTAAGGTTACC
AAATATTTTCCCATGGATAAAGGCATCAAACCCTATTATCCTGAGCATGCAGTTAATCAT
TACTTTAAAACCAGACATTATTTGCATACTTTATGGAAGGCGGGAATTTTATATAAGAGA
GAATCCACACGTAGCGCCTCATTTTGTGGGTCACCATATTCCTGGGAACAAGAGCTACAG
CATGGGAGCACCTCTCTCAACGACACGAAGAGGCATGGGACAGAATCTCTCTGTGCCCAA
TCCTCTGGGATTCTTTCCAGACCATCAGCTGGATCCGCTATTCAGAGCAAATTCCAGCAG
TCCCGACTGGGACTTCAACACAAACAAGGACAGTTGGCCAATGGCAAACAAGGTAGGAGT
GGGAGGCTACGGTCCAGGGTTCACACCCCCACACGGTGGCCTGCTGGGGTGGAGCCCTCA
AGCACAAGGTGTGTTAACAACCTTGCCAGCAGATCCGCCTCCTGCTTCCACCAATCGGCG
GTCCGGGAGAAAGCCAACCCCAGTCTCTCCACCTCTAAGAGACACACATCCACAGGCAAT
GCAGTGGAACTCAACCCAGTTCCACCAAGCTCTGTTGGATCCCAGGGTAAGGGCTCTGTA
CTTCCCTGCTGGTGGCTCCAGTTCAGGGACACAGAACCCTGCTCCGACTATTGCCTCTCT
CACATCATCAATCTTCTCGAAGACTGGGGGCCCTGCTATGAACATGGACAACATTACATC
AGGACTCCTAGGACCCCTGCTCGTGTTACAGGCGGTGTGTTTCTTGTTGACAAAAATCCT
CACAATACCACAGAGTCTAGACTCGTGGTGGACTTCTCTCAATTTTCTAGGGGGACTACC
CGGGTGTCCTGGCCAAAATTCGCAGTCCCCAACCTCCAATCACTTACCAACCTCCTGTCC
TCCAACTTGTCCTGGCTATCGTTGGATGTGTCTGCGGCGTTTTATCATCTTCCTCTTCAT
CCTGCTGCTATGCCTCATCTTCTTGTTGGTTCTTCTGGACTATCAAGGTATGTTGCCCGT
TTGTCCTCTACTTCCAGGATCCACGACCACCAGCACGGGACCCTGCAAAACCTGCACAAC
TCTTGCACAAGGAACCTCTATGTTTCCCTCCTGTTGCTGTTCCAAACCCTCGGACGGAAA
CTGCACTTGTATTCCCATCCCATCATCCTGGGCTTTAGGAAAATACCTATGGGAGTGGGC
CTCAGCCCGTTTCTCCTGGCTCAGTTTACTAGTGCAATTTGTTCAGTGGTGCGTCGGGCT
TTCCCCCACTGTTTGGCTTTTAGTTATATGGATGATCTGGTATTGGGGGCCAAATCTGTG
CAGCATCTTGAGTCCCTTTATACCGCTGTTACCAATTTTCTGTTATCTGTGGGTATCCAT
TTAAATACCTCTAAAACAAAAAGATGGGGTTACTCCCTACATTTTATGGGTTATGTCATT
GGTAGTTGGGGATCATTACCCCAAGATCACATTGTACACAAAATCAAGGAATGCTTTCGA
AAACTGCCTGTAAATCGTCCAATTGATTGGAAAGTTTGTCAACGCATAGTGGGTCTTTTG
GGCTTTGCTGCCCCTTTCACCCAATGCGGTTATCCTGCTCTCATGCCTCTGTATGCCTGT
ATTACTGCTAAACAGGCTTTTGTCTTCTCGCCAACCTACAAGGCCTTTCTGTGTAAACAA
TACATGAACCTTTACCCGGTTGCTCGGCAACGGCCAGGCCTGTGCCAAGTGTTTGCTGAC
GCAACCCCCACTGGTTGGGGCTTGGCCATTGGCCATCAGCGCATGCGTGGAACCTTTGTG
GCTCCTCTGCCGATCCATACTGCGGAACTCCTAGCAGCTTGTTTCGCTCGCAGCAGGTCT
GGAGCGACTCTCATCGGCACGGACAATTCTGTTGTCCTCTCTAGGAAGTACACCTCCTTT
CCATGGCTGCTCGGATGTGCTGCAAACTGGATCCTGCGCGGGACGTCCTTTGTTTACGTC
CCATCGGCGCTGAATCCCGCGGACGACCCCTCCCGGGGCCGCTTGGGGCTGTACCGCCCT
CTTCTCCGTCTGCCGTTCCAGCCGACGACGGGTCGCACCTCTCTTTACGCGGACTCCCCG
TCTGTTCCTTCTCATCTGCCGGACCGTGTGCACTTCGCTTCACCTCTGCACGTCGCATGG
AGACCACCGTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID Not Available
Target 1 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Target 1 HGNC ID Not Available
Target 1 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 1 Locus Not Available
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Naumann H, Schaefer S, Yoshida CF, Gaspar AM, Repp R, Gerlich WH: Identification of a new hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype from Brazil that expresses HBV surface antigen subtype adw4. J Gen Virol. 1993 Aug;74 ( Pt 8):1627-32. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Stuyver LJ, Locarnini SA, Lok A, Richman DD, Carman WF, Dienstag JL, Schinazi RF: Nomenclature for antiviral-resistant human hepatitis B virus mutations in the polymerase region. Hepatology. 2001 Mar;33(3):751-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 864
Target 2 Name Gag-Pol polyprotein
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. Pr160Gag-Pol
Target 2 Gene Name gag
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Gag-Pol polyprotein 
GARASVLSGGELDKWEKIRLRPGGKKKYKLKHIVWASRELERFAVNPGLLETSEGCRQIL
GQLQPSLQTGSEELRSLYNTVATLYCVHQRIDVKDTKEALEKIEEEQNKSKKKAQQAAAA
AGTGNSSQVSQNYPIVQNLQGQMVHQAISPRTLNAWVKVVEEKAFSPEVIPMFSALSEGA
TPQDLNTMLNTVGGHQAAMQMLKETINEEAAEWDRVHPVHAGPIAPGQMREPRGSDIAGT
TSTLQEQIGWMTNNPPIPVGEIYKRWIILGLNKIVRMYSPTSILDIRQGPKEPFRDYVDR
FYKTLRAEQASQDVKNWMTETLLVQNANPDCKTILKALGPAATLEEMMTACQGVGGPGHK
ARVLAEAMSQVTNPANIMMQRGNFRNQRKTVKCFNCGKEGHIAKNCRAPRKKGCWRCGRE
GHQMKDCTERQANFLREDLAFLQGKAREFSSEQTRANSPTRRELQVWGGENNSLSEAGAD
RQGTVSFNFPQITLWQRPLVTIRIGGQLKEALLDTGADDTVLEEMNLPGKWKPKMIGGIG
GFIKVRQYDQIPVEICGHKAIGTVLVGPTPVNIIGRNLLTQIGCTLNFPISPIETVPVKL
KPGMDGPKVKQWPLTEEKIKALVEICTEMEKEGKISKIGPENPYNTPVFAIKKKDSTKWR
KLVDFRELNKRTQDFWEVQLGIPHPAGLKKKKSVTVLDVGDAYFSVPLDKDFRKYTAFTI
PSINNETPGIRYQYNVLPQGWKGSPAIFQSSMTKILEPFRKQNPDIVIYQYMDDLYVGSD
LEIGQHRTKIEELRQHLLRWGFTTPDKKHQKEPPFLWMGYELHPDKWTVQPIMLPEKDSW
TVNDIQKLVGKLNWASQIYAGIKVKQLCKLLRGTKALTEVIPLTEEAELELAENREILKE
PVHEVYYDPSKDLVAEIQKQGQGQWTYQIYQEPFKNLKTGKYARMRGAHTNDVKQLTEAV
QKVSTESIVIWGKIPKFKLPIQKETWEAWWMEYWQATWIPEWEFVNTPPLVKLWYQLEKE
PIVGAETFYVDGAANRETKLGKAGYVTDRGRQKVVSIADTTNQKTELQAIHLALQDSGLE
VNIVTDSQYALGIIQAQPDKSESELVSQIIEQLIKKEKVYLAWVPAHKGIGGNEQVDKLV
SAGIRKVLFLNGIDKAQEEHEKYHSNWRAMASDFNLPPVVAKEIVASCDKCQLKGEAMHG
QVDCSPGIWQLDCTHLEGKIILVAVHVASGYIEAEVIPAETGQETAYFLLKLAGRWPVKT
IHTDNGSNFTSTTVKAACWWAGIKQEFGIPYNPQSQGVVESMNNELKKIIGQVRDQAEHL
KTAVQMAVFIHNFKRKGGIGGYSAGERIVDIIATDIQTKELQKQITKIQNFRVYYRDNKD
PLWKGPAKLLWKGEGAVVIQDNSDIKVVPRRKAKIIRDYGKQMAGDDCVASRQDED
Target 2 Number of Residues 1459
Target 2 Molecular Weight 161886
Target 2 Theoretical pI 9.02
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
RNA binding
transferase activity
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
nucleotidyltransferase activity
RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
DNA binding
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
nuclease activity
endonuclease activity
endoribonuclease activity
endoribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
ribonuclease H activity
nucleic acid binding
hydrolase activity
peptidase activity
endopeptidase activity
aspartic-type endopeptidase activity
structural molecule activity
binding
ion binding
cation binding
transition metal ion binding
zinc ion binding
catalytic activity
integrase activity
Process
DNA replication
RNA-dependent DNA replication
DNA recombination
macromolecule metabolism
protein metabolism
cellular protein metabolism
proteolysis
physiological process
metabolism
cellular metabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
DNA metabolism
DNA integration
viral life cycle
Component
Not Available
Target 2 General Function Involved in RNA binding
Target 2 Specific Function Integrase performs the integration of the newly synthesized dsDNA copy of the viral genome into the host chromosome. The integrated DNA is called provirus
Target 2 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
DNA polymerase map03030 Link Image
Purine metabolism SMP00050 Link Image map00230 Link Image
Pyrimidine metabolism SMP00046 Link Image map00240 Link Image
Target 2 Reactions
  • deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 328661 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P03369 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name POL_HV1A2 Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID 1VRU Link Image
Target 2 PDB File Show
Target 2 3D Structure
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Nucleus. Cytoplasm (By similarity). Following virus entry, the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of
Target 2 Gene Sequence >3012 bp 
TTTTTTAGGGAAGATCTGGCCTTCCTACAAGGGAAGGCCAGGGAATTTTCTTCAGAGCAG
ACCAGAGCCAACAGCCCCACCAGAAGAGAGCTTCAGGTTTGGGGAGGAGAAAACAACTCC
CTCTCAGAAGCAGGAGCCGATAGACAAGGAACTGTATCCTTTAACTTCCCTCAGATCACT
CTTTGGCAACGACCCCTCGTCACAATAAGGATAGGGGGGCAACTAAAGGAAGCTCTATTA
GATACAGGAGCAGATGATACAGTATTAGAAGAAATGAATTTGCCAGGAAAATGGAAACCA
AAAATGATAGGGGGAATTGGAGGTTTTATCAAAGTAAGACAGTACGATCAGATACCTGTA
GAAATCTGTGGACATAAAGCTATAGGTACAGTATTAGTAGGACCTACACCTGTCAACATA
ATTGGAAGAAATCTGTTGACTCAGATTGGTTGTACTTTAAATTTCCCCATTAGTCCTATT
GAAACTGTACCAGTAAAATTAAAGCCAGGAATGGATGGCCCAAAAGTTAAGCAATGGCCA
TTGACAGAAGAAAAAATAAAAGCATTAGTAGAGATATGTACAGAAATGGAAAAGGAAGGG
AAAATTTCAAAAATTGGGCCTGAAAATCCATACAATACTCCAGTATTTGCTATAAAGAAA
AAAGACAGTACTAAATGGAGAAAACTAGTAGATTTCAGAGAACTTAATAAAAGAACTCAA
GACTTCTGGGAAGTTCAGTTAGGAATACCACACCCCGCAGGGTTAAAAAAGAAAAAATCA
GTAACAGTATTGGATGTGGGTGATGCATACTTTTCAGTTCCCTTAGATAAAGACTTTAGA
AAGTATACTGCATTTACCATACCTAGTATAAACAATGAGACACCAGGGATTAGATATCAG
TACAATGTGCTGCCACAGGGATGGAAAGGATCACCAGCAATATTCCAAAGTAGCATGACA
AAAATCTTAGAGCCTTTTAGAAAACAGAATCCAGACATAGTTATCTATCAATACATGGAT
GATTTGTATGTAGGATCTGACTTAGAAATAGGGCAGCATAGAACAAAAATAGAGGAACTG
AGACAGCATCTGTTGAGGTGGGGATTTACCACACCAGACAAAAAACATCAGAAAGAACCT
CCATTCCTTTGGATGGGTTATGAACTCCATCCTGATAAATGGACAGTACAGCCTATAATG
CTGCCAGAAAAAGACAGCTGGACTGTCAATGACATACAGAAGTTAGTGGGAAAATTGAAT
TGGGCAAGTCAGATTTATGCAGGGATTAAAGTAAAGCAGTTATGTAAACTCCTTAGAGGA
ACCAAAGCACTAACAGAAGTAATACCACTAACAGAAGAAGCAGAGCTAGAACTGGCAGAA
AACAGGGAGATTCTAAAAGAACCAGTACATGAAGTATATTATGACCCATCAAAAGACTTA
GTAGCAGAAATACAGAAGCAGGGGCAAGGCCAATGGACATATCAAATTTATCAAGAGCCA
TTTAAAAATCTGAAAACAGGAAAGTATGCAAGGATGAGGGGTGCCCACACTAATGATGTA
AAACAGTTAACAGAGGCAGTGCAAAAAGTATCCACAGAAAGCATAGTAATATGGGGAAAG
ATTCCTAAATTTAAACTACCCATACAAAAGGAAACATGGGAAGCATGGTGGATGGAGTAT
TGGCAAGCTACCTGGATTCCTGAGTGGGAGTTTGTCAATACCCCTCCCTTAGTGAAATTA
TGGTACCAGTTAGAGAAAGAACCCATAGTAGGAGCAGAAACTTTCTATGTAGATGGGGCA
GCTAATAGGGAGACTAAATTAGGAAAAGCAGGATATGTTACTGACAGAGGAAGACAAAAA
GTTGTCTCCATAGCTGACACAACAAATCAGAAGACTGAATTACAAGCAATTCATCTAGCT
TTGCAGGATTCGGGATTAGAAGTAAACATAGTAACAGACTCACAATATGCATTAGGAATC
ATTCAAGCACAACCAGATAAGAGTGAATCAGAGTTAGTCAGTCAAATAATAGAGCAGTTA
ATAAAAAAGGAAAAGGTCTACCTGGCATGGGTACCAGCACACAAAGGAATTGGAGGAAAT
GAACAAGTAGATAAATTAGTCAGTGCTGGAATCAGGAAAGTACTATTTTTGAATGGAATA
GATAAGGCCCAAGAAGAACATGAGAAATATCACAGTAATTGGAGAGCAATGGCTAGTGAT
TTTAACCTGCCACCTGTAGTAGCAAAAGAAATAGTAGCCAGCTGTGATAAATGTCAGCTA
AAAGGAGAAGCCATGCATGGACAAGTAGACTGTAGTCCAGGAATATGGCAACTAGATTGT
ACACATCTAGAAGGAAAAATTATCCTGGTAGCAGTTCATGTAGCCAGTGGATATATAGAA
GCAGAAGTTATTCCAGCAGAGACAGGGCAGGAAACAGCATATTTTCTCTTAAAATTAGCA
GGAAGATGGCCAGTAAAAACAATACATACAGACAATGGCAGCAATTTCACCAGTACTACG
GTTAAGGCCGCCTGTTGGTGGGCAGGGATCAAGCAGGAATTTGGCATTCCCTACAATCCC
CAAAGTCAAGGAGTAGTAGAATCTATGAATAATGAATTAAAGAAAATTATAGGACAGGTA
AGAGATCAGGCTGAACACCTTAAGACAGCAGTACAAATGGCAGTATTCATCCACAATTTT
AAAAGAAAAGGGGGGATTGGGGGATACAGTGCAGGGGAAAGAATAGTAGACATAATAGCA
ACAGACATACAAACTAAAGAACTACAAAAGCAAATTACAAAAATTCAAAATTTTCGGGTT
TATTACAGGGACAACAAAGATCCCCTTTGGAAAGGACCAGCAAAGCTTCTCTGGAAAGGT
GAAGGGGCAGTAGTAATACAAGATAATAGTGACATAAAAGTAGTGCCAAGAAGAAAAGCA
AAAATCATTAGGGATTATGGAAAACAGATGGCAGGTGATGATTGTGTGGCAAGTAGACAG
GATGAGGATTAG
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID Not Available
Target 2 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Target 2 HGNC ID Not Available
Target 2 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 2 Locus Not Available
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Tyndall JD, Reid RC, Tyssen DP, Jardine DK, Todd B, Passmore M, March DR, Pattenden LK, Bergman DA, Alewood D, Hu SH, Alewood PF, Birch CJ, Martin JL, Fairlie DP: Synthesis, stability, antiviral activity, and protease-bound structures of substrate-mimicking constrained macrocyclic inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. J Med Chem. 2000 Sep 21;43(19):3495-504. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Prabu-Jeyabalan M, Nalivaika E, Schiffer CA: Substrate shape determines specificity of recognition for HIV-1 protease: analysis of crystal structures of six substrate complexes. Structure. 2002 Mar;10(3):369-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Jacks T, Power MD, Masiarz FR, Luciw PA, Barr PJ, Varmus HE: Characterization of ribosomal frameshifting in HIV-1 gag-pol expression. Nature. 1988 Jan 21;331(6153):280-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Wlodawer A, Miller M, Jaskolski M, Sathyanarayana BK, Baldwin E, Weber IT, Selk LM, Clawson L, Schneider J, Kent SB: Conserved folding in retroviral proteases: crystal structure of a synthetic HIV-1 protease. Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):616-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Sanchez-Pescador R, Power MD, Barr PJ, Steimer KS, Stempien MM, Brown-Shimer SL, Gee WW, Renard A, Randolph A, Levy JA, et al.: Nucleotide sequence and expression of an AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV-2). Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):484-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Rose RB, Craik CS, Douglas NL, Stroud RM: Three-dimensional structures of HIV-1 and SIV protease product complexes. Biochemistry. 1996 Oct 1;35(39):12933-44. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Rutenber EE, McPhee F, Kaplan AP, Gallion SL, Hogan JC Jr, Craik CS, Stroud RM: A new class of HIV-1 protease inhibitor: the crystallographic structure, inhibition and chemical synthesis of an aminimide peptide isostere. Bioorg Med Chem. 1996 Sep;4(9):1545-58. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Turner BG, Summers MF: Structural biology of HIV. J Mol Biol. 1999 Jan 8;285(1):1-32. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 874
Target 3 Name DNA
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. Deoxyribonucleic acid
Target 3 Gene Name Not Available
Target 3 Protein Sequence Not Available
Target 3 Number of Residues 0
Target 3 Molecular Weight 7656 (double strand)
Target 3 Theoretical pI Not Available
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
information storage
information transfer
Process
DNA replication and chromosomal cycle
DNA replication
DNA-dependent DNA replication
DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer
transcription
transcription, DNA dependent
Component
cell
intracellular
nucleus
mitochondria
Target 3 General Function Biological information storage and information transfer
Target 3 Specific Function DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes.
Target 3 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
DNA polymerase map03030 Link Image
RNA polymerase map03020 Link Image
Target 3 Reactions
  • DNA + DNA polymerase + nNTP = 2 DNA + nNDP; DNA + RNA polymerase + NTP = mRNA + nNDP
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Target 3 Signals
  • None
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 3 Essentiality Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Not Available
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Not Available
Target 3 PDB ID 1BNA Link Image
Target 3 PDB File Show
Target 3 3D Structure
Target 3 Cellular Location
  • Nucleus and mitochondria
Target 3 Gene Sequence >Example: Dickerson dodecamer 
CGCGAATTCGCG
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID Not Available
Target 3 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Target 3 HGNC ID Not Available
Target 3 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 3 Locus All loci
Target 3 SNPs Not Available
Target 3 General References
  1. Nadeau D, Marchand C: Change in the kinetics of sulphacetamide tissue distribution in Walker tumor-bearing rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 1975 Nov-Dec;3(6):565-76. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 3 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Dai CY, Yu ML, Hsieh MY, Lee LP, Hou NJ, Huang JF, Chen SC, Lin ZY, Hsieh MY, Wang LY, Tsai JF, Chang WY, Chuang WL: Early response to lamivudine therapy in clinically non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients with decompensation. Liver Int. 2007 Sep 27;. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Ma H, Guo F, Wei L, Sun Y, Wang H: [The prospective study of the clinical features and outcome of HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B hepatitis] Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007 Jul 10;87(26):1832-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Pan XP, Li LJ, Du WB, Li MW, Cao HC, Sheng JF: Differences of YMDD mutational patterns, precore/core promoter mutations, serum HBV DNA levels in lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B genotypes B and C. J Viral Hepat. 2007 Nov;14(11):767-74. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.