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targets (7) enzymes (9)
for drugs
Identification
Name Phenelzine
Accession Number DB00780 (APRD00099)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

An irreversible non-selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. May be used to treat major depressive disorder.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms Not Available
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Beta-phenylethylhydrazine
Fenelzina [INN-Spanish]
Fenelzyna
Fenelzyne
Phenelezine
Phenelzinum [INN-Latin]
Phenethylhydrazine
Phenylethyl hydrazine-HCl
Phenylethylhydrazine
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Antidepressants
  • Antidepressive Agents
  • Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
CAS number 51-71-8
Weight Average: 136.1943
Monoisotopic: 136.100048394
Chemical Formula C8H12N2
InChI Key InChIKey=RMUCZJUITONUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C8H12N2/c9-10-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,10H,6-7,9H2
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(2-phenylethyl)hydrazine
SMILES
NNCCC1=CC=CC=C1
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Phenethylamines
Substructures
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Phenethylamines
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Hydrazine Derivatives
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of major depressive disorder. Has also been used with some success in the management of bulimia nervosa.
Pharmacodynamics Phenelzine belongs to a class of antidepressants called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). MAO is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of a number of amines, including serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Two isoforms of MAO, A and B, are found in the body. MAO-A is mainly found within cells located in the periphery and catalyzes the breakdown of serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and tyramine. MAO-B acts on phenylethylamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and tyramine, is localized extracellularly and is found predominantly in the brain. While the mechanism of MAOIs is still unclear, it is thought that they act by increasing free serotonin and norepinephrine concentrations and/or by altering the concentrations of other amines in the CNS. It has been postulated that depression is caused by low levels of serotonin and/or norepinephrine and that increasing serotonergic and norepinephrinergic neurotransmission results in relief of depressive symptoms. MAO A inhibition is thought to be more relevant to antidepressant activity than MAO B inhibition. Selective MAO B inhibitors, such as selegiline, have no antidepressant effects. Response to therapy generally occurs 2 - 4 weeks following onset though some patients may not experience symptom relief for up to 8 weeks.
Mechanism of action Although the exact mechanism of action has not been determined, it appears that the irreversible, nonselective inhibition of MAO by phenelzine relieves depressive symptoms by causing an increase in the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the neuron.
Absorption Readily absorbed after oral administration.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism Hepatic. Acetylation of phenelzine appears to be a minor metabolic pathway. Beta-phenylethylamine is a metabolite of phenelzine, and there is indirect evidence that phenelzine may also be ring-hydroxylated and N-methylated.
Route of elimination NARDIL ® is extensively metabolized, primarily by oxidation via monoamine oxidase.
Half life 1.2-11.6 hours following single dose administration. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics have not been studied.
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Symptoms of overdose include drowsiness, dizziness, faintness, irritability, hyperactivity, agitation, severe headache, hallucinations, trismus, opisthotonos, convulsions and coma, rapid and irregular pulse, hypertension, hypotension and vascular collapse, precordial pain, respiratory depression and failure, hyperpyrexia, diaphoresis, and cool, clammy skin. Hypertensive crisis may occur with the ingestion of tyramine-rich foods such as cured meats, poultry or fish, aged cheeses, concentrated soy products, tap beer and wine, yeast extracts, broad bean pods and fava beans and sauerkraut.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Parke davis div warner lambert co
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Tablet Oral
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Phenelzine sulfate powder 51.0 USD g
Nardil 15 mg tablet 0.95 USD tablet
Nardil 15 mg Tablet 0.39 USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents Not Available
Properties
State liquid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point < 25 °C PhysProp
boiling point 74 °C at 1.00E-01 mm Hg PhysProp
water solubility 29.1 g/L Not Available
logP 1.1 Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 1.11e+01 g/l ALOGPS
logP 1.2 ALOGPS
logP 1.2 ChemAxon
logS -1.1 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest basic) 5.55 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 2 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon
polar surface area 38.05 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 3 ChemAxon
refractivity 54.26 ChemAxon
polarizability 15.8 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Nolen WA: [Classical monoamine oxidase inhibitor: not registered for, but still a place in the treatment of depression] Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2003 Oct 4;147(40):1940-3. Pubmed
  2. Sowa BN, Holt A, Todd KG, Baker GB: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, their structural analogues, and neuroprotection. Indian J Exp Biol. 2004 Sep;42(9):851-7. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Compound C07430 Link_out
PubChem Compound 3675 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46507348 Link_out
ChemSpider 3547 Link_out
BindingDB 50105417 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000578 Link_out
PharmGKB PA450903 Link_out
Drug Product Database 476552 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/phenelzine.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/phenelzine.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenelzine Link_out
ATC Codes
  • N06AF03
AHFS Codes
  • 28:16.04.12
PDB Entries
FDA label show (38.9 KB)
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Almotriptan The MAO inhibitor, phenelzine, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of the serotonin 5-HT receptor agonist, almotriptan. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Altretamine Risk of severe hypotension
Amitriptyline Possibility of severe adverse effects
Amoxapine Possibility of severe adverse effects
Amphetamine Possible hypertensive crisis
Atomoxetine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Benzphetamine MAO Inhibitors may enhance the hypertensive effect of Amphetamines. Concomitant use of amphetamines and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) should be avoided. If used concomitantly, careful monitoring of blood pressure must occur. It may take up to 2 weeks after the discontinuation of an MAOI for the effects to dissipate enough to afford safety to the administration of interacting agents.
Bezafibrate MAO Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Bezafibrate. Avoid concomitant use of bezafibrate with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like phenelzine.
Brimonidine MAO Inhibitors like phenelzine may enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists (Ophthalmic). The concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and ophthalmic alpha2 agonists is contraindicated.
Buprenorphine Buprenorphine may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of MAO Inhibitors like phenelzine. When possible, avoid use of buprenorphine in patients who have used a monoamine oxidase inhibitor within the past 14 days due to possible severe adverse effects.
Bupropion Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Buspirone Possible blood pressure elevation
Citalopram Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Clomipramine Possibility of severe adverse effects
Desipramine Possibility of severe adverse effects
Desvenlafaxine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Ensure adequate washout period between therapies to avoid toxicity. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Dexfenfluramine Possible hypertensive crisis
Dextroamphetamine Possible hypertensive crisis
Dextromethorphan Possible severe adverse reaction
Diethylpropion Possible hypertensive crisis
Dobutamine Increased arterial pressure
Donepezil Possible antagonism of action
Dopamine Increased arterial pressure
Doxepin Possibility of severe adverse effects
Duloxetine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Entacapone Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination
Ephedra Increased arterial pressure
Ephedrine Increased arterial pressure
Epinephrine Increased arterial pressure
Escitalopram Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Fenfluramine Possible hypertensive crisis
Fenoterol Increased arterial pressure
Fluoxetine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Fluvoxamine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Galantamine Possible antagonism of action
Guanethidine Phenelzine may decrease the effect of guanethidine.
Imipramine Possibility of severe adverse effects
Isoproterenol Increased arterial pressure
Levodopa Possible hypertensive crisis
Mazindol Possible hypertensive crisis
Meperidine Potentially fatal adverse effects
Mephentermine Increased arterial pressure
Metaraminol Increased arterial pressure
Methamphetamine Possible hypertensive crisis
Methotrimeprazine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Methoxamine Increased arterial pressure
Methylphenidate Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination
Midodrine Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination
Milnacipran Increase serotonin levels. Combination therapy is contraindicated.
Mirtazapine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Naratriptan The use of two serotonin modulators increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Nefazodone Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Norepinephrine Increased arterial pressure
Nortriptyline Possibility of severe adverse effects
Orciprenaline Increased arterial pressure
Paroxetine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Phendimetrazine Possible hypertensive crisis
Phentermine Possible hypertensive crisis
Phenylephrine Increased arterial pressure
Phenylpropanolamine Increased arterial pressure
Pirbuterol Increased arterial pressure
Procaterol Increased arterial pressure
Protriptyline Possibility of severe adverse effects
Pseudoephedrine Increased arterial pressure
Rivastigmine Possible antagonism of action
Rizatriptan The MAO inhibitor, phenelzine, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of the serotonin 5-HT receptor agonist, rizatriptan. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Salbutamol Increased arterial pressure
Sertraline Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Sibutramine Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
Sumatriptan The MAO inhibitor, phenelzine, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of the serotonin 5-HT receptor agonist, sumatriptan. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Tacrine The therapeutic effects of the central acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Tacrine, and/or the anticholinergic, Phenelzine, may be reduced due to antagonism. The interaction may be beneficial when the anticholinergic action is a side effect. Monitor for decreased efficacy of both agents.
Terbutaline Increased arterial pressure
Tetrabenazine Tetrabenazine may increase the adverse/toxic effects of Phenelzine. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Tolcapone Tolcapone and Phenelzine decrease the metabolism of endogenous catecholamines. Concomitant therapy may result in increased catecholamine effects. Consider alternate therapy or use cautiously and monitor for increased catecholamine effects.
Tramadol Tramadol may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and seizure induction by the MAO inhibitor, phenelzine.
Tranylcypromine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Use caution during concomitant therapy and monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Trazodone Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Trimethobenzamide Trimethobenzamide and Phenelzine, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhance their adverse/toxic effects. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic effects.
Trimipramine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Ensure adequate washout period between therapies to avoid toxicity. Avoid combination or monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome and/or hypertensive crisis.
Triprolidine Triprolidine and Phenelzine, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhance their adverse/toxic effects. Additive CNS depressant effects may also occur. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic and CNS depressant effects.
Trospium Trospium and Phenelzine, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhanced adverse/toxic effects. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic effects.
Tryptophanyl-5'amp Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
Venlafaxine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Ensure adequate washout period between therapies to avoid toxicity. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.
Vilazodone MAO Inhibitors may enhance the serotonergic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. This may cause serotonin syndrome.
Zolmitriptan The MAO inhibitor, phenelzine, may increase the serum concentration of zolmitriptan by decreasing its metabolism. Concomitant therapy and use of zolmitriptan within two weeks of discontinuing phenelzine are contraindicated.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid aged foods (cheese, red wine), pickled foods, cured foods (bacon/ham), chocolate, fava beans, beer, unless approved by your physician.
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).
  • Avoid St.John's Wort.
  • Take without regard to meals.
Targets

1. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist

Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P21397 Link_out
Gene: MAOA Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  2. Chiche F, Le Guillou M, Chetrite G, Lasnier F, Dugail I, Carpene C, Moldes M, Feve B: Antidepressant phenelzine alters differentiation of cultured human and mouse preadipocytes. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 May;75(5):1052-61. Epub 2009 Feb 6. Pubmed
  3. Chenu F, El Mansari M, Blier P: Long-term administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors alters the firing rate and pattern of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009 May;12(4):475-85. Epub 2008 Aug 13. Pubmed
  4. Wooters TE, Bardo MT: The monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine enhances the discriminative stimulus effect of nicotine in rats. Behav Pharmacol. 2007 Nov;18(7):601-8. Pubmed
  5. Volz HP, Gleiter CH: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. A perspective on their use in the elderly. Drugs Aging. 1998 Nov;13(5):341-55. Pubmed
  6. Nolen WA: [Classical monoamine oxidase inhibitor: not registered for, but still a place in the treatment of depression] Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2003 Oct 4;147(40):1940-3. Pubmed
  7. Pickar D, Murphy DL, Cohen RM, Campbell IC, Lipper S: Selective and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitors: behavioral disturbances during their administration to depressed patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982 May;39(5):535-40. Pubmed
  8. MacKenzie EM, Grant SL, Baker GB, Wood PL: Phenelzine causes an increase in brain ornithine that is prevented by prior monoamine oxidase inhibition. Neurochem Res. 2008 Mar;33(3):430-6. Epub 2007 Aug 31. Pubmed
  9. McIntyre RS, Soczynska JK, Konarski JZ, Kennedy SH: The effect of antidepressants on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity: synthesis and mechanisms. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2006 Jan;5(1):157-68. Pubmed

2. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist

Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOB preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P27338 Link_out
Gene: MAOB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed
  2. Chiche F, Le Guillou M, Chetrite G, Lasnier F, Dugail I, Carpene C, Moldes M, Feve B: Antidepressant phenelzine alters differentiation of cultured human and mouse preadipocytes. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 May;75(5):1052-61. Epub 2009 Feb 6. Pubmed
  3. Chenu F, El Mansari M, Blier P: Long-term administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors alters the firing rate and pattern of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009 May;12(4):475-85. Epub 2008 Aug 13. Pubmed
  4. Wooters TE, Bardo MT: The monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine enhances the discriminative stimulus effect of nicotine in rats. Behav Pharmacol. 2007 Nov;18(7):601-8. Pubmed
  5. Volz HP, Gleiter CH: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. A perspective on their use in the elderly. Drugs Aging. 1998 Nov;13(5):341-55. Pubmed
  6. Nolen WA: [Classical monoamine oxidase inhibitor: not registered for, but still a place in the treatment of depression] Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2003 Oct 4;147(40):1940-3. Pubmed
  7. Pickar D, Murphy DL, Cohen RM, Campbell IC, Lipper S: Selective and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitors: behavioral disturbances during their administration to depressed patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982 May;39(5):535-40. Pubmed
  8. McIntyre RS, Soczynska JK, Konarski JZ, Kennedy SH: The effect of antidepressants on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity: synthesis and mechanisms. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2006 Jan;5(1):157-68. Pubmed

3. Membrane copper amine oxidase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor

Cell adhesion protein that participates in lymphocyte recirculation by mediating the binding of lymphocytes to peripheral lymph node vascular endothelial cells in an L-selectin- independent fashion. Has a monoamine oxidase activity

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q16853 Link_out
Gene: AOC3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Tipnis UR, Tao M, Boor PJ: Purification and characterization of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase from porcine aorta. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 1992 Aug-Sep;38(5-6):575-84. Pubmed
  2. Kumar D, Trent MB, Boor PJ: Allylamine and beta-aminopropionitrile induced aortic medial necrosis: mechanisms of synergism. Toxicology. 1998 Feb 6;125(2-3):107-15. Pubmed
  3. Chiche F, Le Guillou M, Chetrite G, Lasnier F, Dugail I, Carpene C, Moldes M, Feve B: Antidepressant phenelzine alters differentiation of cultured human and mouse preadipocytes. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 May;75(5):1052-61. Epub 2009 Feb 6. Pubmed
  4. Biasi D, Caramaschi P, Pacor ML, Carletto A, Melchiori S, Manzo T, Bambara LM: [Multiple osseous avascular necrosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid antibody positivity] Recenti Prog Med. 1995 Nov;86(11):449-50. Pubmed
  5. MacKenzie EM, Grant SL, Baker GB, Wood PL: Phenelzine causes an increase in brain ornithine that is prevented by prior monoamine oxidase inhibition. Neurochem Res. 2008 Mar;33(3):430-6. Epub 2007 Aug 31. Pubmed
  6. Lizcano JM, Fernandez de Arriba A, Tipton KF, Unzeta M: Inhibition of bovine lung semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) by some hydrazine derivatives. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996 Jul 26;52(2):187-95. Pubmed

4. 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor

Catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyrate and L- beta-aminoisobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde and methylmalonate semialdehyde, respectively. Can also convert delta-aminovalerate and beta-alanine

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P80404 Link_out
Gene: ABAT Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. MacKenzie EM, Grant SL, Baker GB, Wood PL: Phenelzine causes an increase in brain ornithine that is prevented by prior monoamine oxidase inhibition. Neurochem Res. 2008 Mar;33(3):430-6. Epub 2007 Aug 31. Pubmed
  2. Tanay VA, Parent MB, Wong JT, Paslawski T, Martin IL, Baker GB: Effects of the antidepressant/antipanic drug phenelzine on alanine and alanine transaminase in rat brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2001 Aug;21(4):325-39. Pubmed
  3. McKenna KF, McManus DJ, Baker GB, Coutts RT: Chronic administration of the antidepressant phenelzine and its N-acetyl analogue: effects on GABAergic function. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1994;41:115-22. Pubmed
  4. McManus DJ, Baker GB, Martin IL, Greenshaw AJ, McKenna KF: Effects of the antidepressant/antipanic drug phenelzine on GABA concentrations and GABA-transaminase activity in rat brain. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Jun 9;43(11):2486-9. Pubmed
  5. Todd KG, Baker GB: GABA-elevating effects of the antidepressant/antipanic drug phenelzine in brain: effects of pretreatment with tranylcypromine, (-)-deprenyl and clorgyline. J Affect Disord. 1995 Dec 13;35(3):125-9. Pubmed
  6. Todd KG, Baker GB: Neurochemical effects of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine on brain GABA and alanine: A comparison with vigabatrin. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2008 May 16;11(2):14s-21s. Pubmed
  7. McKenna KF, Baker GB, Coutts RT: N2-acetylphenelzine: effects on rat brain GABA, alanine and biogenic amines. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1991 May;343(5):478-82. Pubmed

5. Alanine aminotransferase 1

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor

Participates in cellular nitrogen metabolism and also in liver gluconeogenesis starting with precursors transported from skeletal muscles

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P24298 Link_out
Gene: GPT Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Todd KG, Baker GB: Neurochemical effects of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine on brain GABA and alanine: A comparison with vigabatrin. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2008 May 16;11(2):14s-21s. Pubmed
  2. Tanay VA, Parent MB, Wong JT, Paslawski T, Martin IL, Baker GB: Effects of the antidepressant/antipanic drug phenelzine on alanine and alanine transaminase in rat brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2001 Aug;21(4):325-39. Pubmed
  3. McKenna KF, Baker GB, Coutts RT: N2-acetylphenelzine: effects on rat brain GABA, alanine and biogenic amines. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1991 May;343(5):478-82. Pubmed

6. Alanine aminotransferase 2

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor

L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L- glutamate

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q8TD30 Link_out
Gene: GPT2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Todd KG, Baker GB: Neurochemical effects of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine on brain GABA and alanine: A comparison with vigabatrin. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2008 May 16;11(2):14s-21s. Pubmed
  2. Tanay VA, Parent MB, Wong JT, Paslawski T, Martin IL, Baker GB: Effects of the antidepressant/antipanic drug phenelzine on alanine and alanine transaminase in rat brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2001 Aug;21(4):325-39. Pubmed
  3. McKenna KF, Baker GB, Coutts RT: N2-acetylphenelzine: effects on rat brain GABA, alanine and biogenic amines. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1991 May;343(5):478-82. Pubmed

7. Glutamic acid decarboxylase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9UGI5 Link_out
Gene: GAD65 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. McKenna KF, McManus DJ, Baker GB, Coutts RT: Chronic administration of the antidepressant phenelzine and its N-acetyl analogue: effects on GABAergic function. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1994;41:115-22. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A

Actions: substrate

Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine

UniProt ID: P21397 Link_out
Gene: MAOA Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. MacKenzie EM, Grant SL, Baker GB, Wood PL: Phenelzine causes an increase in brain ornithine that is prevented by prior monoamine oxidase inhibition. Neurochem Res. 2008 Mar;33(3):430-6. Epub 2007 Aug 31. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 2E1

Actions: inducer

Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms

UniProt ID: P05181 Link_out
Gene: CYP2E1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Runge-Morris M, Feng Y, Zangar RC, Novak RF: Effects of hydrazine, phenelzine, and hydralazine treatment on rat hepatic and renal drug-metabolizing enzyme expression. Drug Metab Dispos. 1996 Jul;24(7):734-7. Pubmed

3. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B

Actions: substrate

Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOB preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine

UniProt ID: P27338 Link_out
Gene: MAOB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. MacKenzie EM, Grant SL, Baker GB, Wood PL: Phenelzine causes an increase in brain ornithine that is prevented by prior monoamine oxidase inhibition. Neurochem Res. 2008 Mar;33(3):430-6. Epub 2007 Aug 31. Pubmed
  2. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 2C19

Actions: inhibitor

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine

UniProt ID: P33261 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C19 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

5. Cytochrome P450 2C8

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti- cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol)

UniProt ID: P10632 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C8
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

6. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

7. Cytochrome P450 3A43

Actions: inhibitor

Exhibits low testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylase activity

UniProt ID: Q9HB55 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A43 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

8. Cytochrome P450 3A5

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20815 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

9. Cytochrome P450 3A7

Actions: inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P24462 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19